154 research outputs found

    Modeling the Processes of Managing the Advertising Budget ofan Electronic Trading Platform

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    The paper presents the possibilities of using system-dynamic modeling to manage the advertising budget ofan electronic trading platform. A model has been developed and its mathematical description is given. Computer experiments have been carried out corresponding to various configurations of the advertising budget (distribution between different target groups) with the calculation of such efficiency indicators as profitability, total costs due to irrational advertising costs, and the cost ofattracting one client. Β© 2022 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.Simos T.E.Simos T.E.Simos T.E.Simos T.E.Tsitouras C

    The contribution of perennial fodder crops to the nitrogen balance of agroecosystems in Western Siberia

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    The article presents the results of experiments obtained in stationary experiments on the basis of grain-fallow and grain-grass crop rotations on meadow-chernozem soil in the Omsk region. The influence of spring wheat precursors (alfalfa of the 3rd year of life and fallow) on individual elements of soil fertility and crop yield has been established. It was revealed that when cultivating spring wheat by fallow in the grain-fallow crop rotation, the nitrogen balance (-28 kg/ha) is negative with an intensity of 66 %. When sowing wheat in grain-grass crop rotation on a layer of perennial grasses, the nitrogen balance is positive (+21.0 kg/ha) and the intensity is 119 %. The favorable effect of the legume component in the crop rotation on the nitrogen regime of the soil significantly increased the yield of spring wheat by 0.5 t/ha in comparison with wheat cultivated in the field crop rotation by bare fallow. Under similar conditions, studies were carried out on irrigated meadowchernozem soil in an eight-field stationary grain-grass crop rotation. The removal of nitrogen by the yield of various perennial grasses, as well as the responsiveness of alfalfa, bromus and sweet clover with productivity parameters to the level of nitrogenphosphorus nutrition, were studied. The current mobilization of nitrogen under these conditions under the vegetative brome without fertilizers was 76 kg/ha. When optimizing the phosphate regime of the soil, this indicator increased to 99 kg/ha. Β The removal of nitrogen by alfalfa on similar agricultural backgrounds increases due to symbiotically fixed nitrogen, by 89 and 193 kg/ha, respectively, or 2.2 and 2.9 times. Alfalfa and sweet clover responded positively to the improvement of mineral fertilizing conditions (P60N60-160). In alfalfa of the 1-5 year of life the collection of green mass and fodder units increased to 40.56 and 7.00 t/ha, respectively, or by 86 and 54 % relative to the control without fertilizers, with 82.76 GJ of exchange energy per hectare. The productivity of sweet clover of the 2nd year of life increased up to 30.85 t/ha of green mass and 2.83 t/ha of fodder units or by 37 and 17 % relative to the control

    INTEGRAL Observations of SS433: Analysis of Precessional and Orbital X-ray Periodicities

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    Hard X-ray INT observations of SS 433 carried out during 2003-2005 years with an analysis of precessional and orbital variability is presented. The width of X-ray eclipse in the 25-50 keV range at the precessional phase ψ=0.1\psi=0.1 (accretion disk is open to observer) is higher than that in the Ginga 18.4-27.6 keV range. This fact suggests existance the presence of hot extended corona around the supercritical accretion disk. Spectrum of hard X-rays in the range 10-200 keV does not change with the precessional phase which also suggests that hard X-ray flux is generated in the hot extended corona around the accretion disk. The parameters of this hot corona are: kT=23-25 keV, \tau = 1.8-2.8. Mass ratio estimated from the analysis of the ingress part of the eclipse light curve is in the range q=m_x/m_v=0.3-0.5.Comment: 5 pages, 10 figure

    ВСхнология тСрмостимулированной диагностики Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ оптичСских осСй кристаллов

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    To implement the technology of thermally stimulated diagnostics of anisotropy and optical axes of crystals, the sample is thermostated at a temperature not exceeding the melting point, an electric field not exceeding the breakdown field is applied to the sample, polarization is produced for a time greater than the relaxation time at this temperature. After that, without disconnecting the electric field, cooling to the temperature of liquid nitrogen is performed, then the field is switched off, the sample is linearly heated to a temperature above the polarization temperature and the obtained thermally stimulated depolarization (TSD) spectra taken along and perpendicular to the optical axis of the sixth order C6 crystal are examined. When comparing the obtained spectra, the presence of anisotropy is determined, and the exact direction of the optical axes is determined by the magnitude and presence of the TSD maxima.Для осущСствлСния Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ тСрмостимулированной диагностики Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ оптичСских осСй кристаллов ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π΅Ρ† Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρƒ плавлСния, ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ элСктричСскоС ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ пробоя, производят ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, большСго Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ рСлаксации ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅. ПослС этого, Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ элСктричСского поля, производится ΠΎΡ…Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π·ΠΎΡ‚Π°, Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚, ΠΎΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π½Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π° Π΄ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ поляризации ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ спСктры тСрмостимулированной дСполяризации (Π’Π‘Π’Π”), ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ пСрпСндикулярно оптичСской оси ΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ порядка Π‘6 кристалла. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ сравнСнии ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… спСктров ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡŽ максимумов Π’Π‘Π’Π” ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ оптичСских осСй

    Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ диагностика ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π² кристаллах с Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ связями

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    In practical application of crystals in optoelectronics and laser technology it is necessary to know the direction of optical axes and types of oscillatory centers, which is a relevant and necessary condition. In this paper, the infrared spectra of transmission and absorption of hexagonal crystals of lithium iodate Ξ±-LiIO3, grown by open evaporation in H2O and D2O solutions, as well as natural lamellar crystals of phlogopite and muscovite monoclinic crystal are investigated. The band gap width of the investigated crystals is determined by transmission spectra. In the absorption spectra there were determined activation energy and wavelength of the oscillatory centers that are associated with the vibrations of protons, hydronium ions Н3О+, protium H+, OH groups and molecules HDO. The good correlation of the parameters of infrared spectra with the spectra of thermally stimulated depolarization currents and NMR spectra has shown. The possibility of diagnostics of types of oscillatory centers by means of infrared spectra is considered, which also allows to find out the direction of optical axes. The obtained results allow to use IR spectra to determine not only the types of vibrational centers, but also the presence of anisotropy of the crystal lattice of the studied crystals.ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ практичСском ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ кристаллов Π² оптоэлСктроникС ΠΈ Π»Π°Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ направлСния оптичСских осСй ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ², Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ являСтся Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ условиСм. Π˜ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ инфракрасныС спСктры пропускания ΠΈ поглощСния Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… кристаллов ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π° лития Ξ±-LiIО3, Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ испарСния Π² растворах H2O ΠΈ D2O, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… пластинчатых кристаллов Ρ„Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π° ΠΈ мусковита ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ сингонии. По спСктрам пропускания ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π° Π·Π°ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ исслСдованных кристаллов. По спСктрам поглощСния ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ энСргия Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ², связанных с колСбаниями ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² гидроксония Н3О+, протия Н+, Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ ОН- ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ» HDO. Показана Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ°Ρ коррСляция ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² инфракрасных спСктров со спСктрами тСрмостимулированных Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² дСполяризации ΠΈ спСктров ядСрно-ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ рСзонанса. РассмотрСна Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ диагностики Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ инфракрасных спСктров, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ позволяСт Π²Ρ‹ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ оптичСских осСй. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ИК-спСктры для опрСдСлСния Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ², Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ наличия Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ кристалличСской Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ исслСдуСмых кристаллов

    An annular gap acceleration model for Ξ³\gamma-ray emission of pulsars

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    If the binding energy of the pulsar's surface is not so high (the case of a neutron star), both the negative and positive charges will flow out freely from the surface of the star. The annular free flow model for Ξ³\gamma-ray emission of pulsars is suggested in this paper. It is emphasized that: (1). Two kinds of acceleration regions (annular and core) need to be taken into account. The annular acceleration region is defined by the magnetic field lines that cross the null charge surface within the light cylinder. (2). If the potential drop in the annular region of a pulsar is high enough (normally the cases of young pulsars), charges in both the annular and the core regions could be accelerated and produce primary gamma-rays. Secondary pairs are generated in both regions and stream outwards to power the broadband radiations. (3). The potential drop in the annular region grows more rapidly than that in the core region. The annular acceleration process is a key point to produce wide emission beams as observed. (4). The advantages of both the polar cap and outer gap models are retained in this model. The geometric properties of the Ξ³\gamma-ray emission from the annular flow is analogous to that presented in a previous work by Qiao et al., which match the observations well. (5). Since charges with different signs leave the pulsar through the annular and the core regions, respectively, the current closure problem can be partially solved.Comment: 11 pages 2 figures, accepted by Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysic

    ΠŸΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ эффСктивности автоматичСской частотной Ρ€Π°Π·Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ энСргосистСмы

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    Π£ статті Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Ρ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ систСма Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ частотного розвантаТСння (АЧР) Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π³Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— систСми. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ” вдосконалСння структури ΠΉ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΡ–Π² Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ систСми АЧР-1 Π·Π° Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠΊ використання сучасних Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–ΠΉ, Π° самС ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Ρƒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ–Π². ДослідТСння проводилися модСлюванням Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ складної СнСргосистСми ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ– Ρ€Ρ–Π·Π½ΠΈΡ… Π°Π²Π°Ρ€Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ… ситуацій Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ комплСксі Power Factory. Завданнями Π±ΡƒΠ»ΠΈ виявлСння Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚Ρƒ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ— ΠΊΡƒΡ‚Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈ Π½Π° появу Π°Π²Π°Ρ€Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ— ситуації, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ розроблСння Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΡƒ фіксації Π°Π²Π°Ρ€Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ— ситуації Π·Π° ΡˆΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŽ Π·ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΡ‚Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈ. Π£ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ– Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌ фіксації Π°Π²Π°Ρ€Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ— ситуації Π·Π° ΡˆΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŽ Π·ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΡ‚Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Ρ– новизною Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡŒ Ρ” пропозиція ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— систСми АЧР-1 Π·Π° Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠΊ увСдСння Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ пускового ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°, Ρ‰ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π³ΡƒΡ” Π½Π° ΡˆΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π·ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΡ‚Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈ, яка Π·Π±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΡˆΡƒΡ” ΡˆΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ систСми АЧР-1. Завдяки Ρ†ΡŒΠΎΠΌΡƒ запуск систСми АЧР Π²Ρ–Π΄Π±ΡƒΠ²Π°Ρ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ досягнСнні β€œΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡ—β€ уставки ΡΠΏΡ€Π°Ρ†ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ, Π° ΠΉ Π·Π° Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Ρƒ ΡˆΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ– Π·ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΡ‚Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈ Ρƒ Π²ΡƒΠ·Π»Ρ–.The paper considers the frequency load shedding of an electric power system. The objective of this paper is to enhance the structure and algorithms of frequency load shedding-1 (AUFLS-1) using cutting-edge technologies, namely Wide Area Measurement System. We model the operation of the system of complex power supply when various emergencies in the Power Factory software occur. We aim at revealing the fact of the voltage corner reaction on the emergency occurrence and elaborating the algorithm of detecting the emergency by speed of voltage corner change. The result and novelty of this research is that we propose how to upgrade the system AUFLS-1 by introducing the additional starting block reacting to the speed of the voltage corner change which increases the speed of AUFLS-1 system operation. As a result the system AUFLS-1 starts up not only by achieving β€œfrequency” set point but also by analyzing the speed of voltage corner change.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассматриваСтся систСма автоматичСской частотной Ρ€Π°Π·Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ (АЧР) элСктроэнСргСтичСской систСмы. ЦСлью Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ являСтся ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ структуры ΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ систСмы АЧР-1 Π·Π° счСт использования соврСмСнных Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ². ИсслСдования ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ модСлирования Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ слоТной энСргосистСмы ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ситуаций Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ комплСксС Power Factory. Π—Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ выявлСниС Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π° Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π° напряТСния Π½Π° появлСниС Π°Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ситуации, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ° фиксации Π°Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ситуации ΠΏΠΎ скорости измСнСния ΡƒΠ³Π»Π° напряТСния. Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌ фиксации Π°Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ситуации ΠΏΠΎ скорости измСнСния ΡƒΠ³Π»Π° напряТСния. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ являСтся ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ систСмы АЧР-1 Π·Π° счСт ввСдСния Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ пускового ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°, Ρ€Π΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ измСнСния ΡƒΠ³Π»Π° напряТСния, которая ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ систСмы АЧР-1. Благодаря этому запуск систСмы АЧР происходит Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ достиТСнии β€œΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉβ€ уставки срабатывания, Π° ΠΈ Π·Π° счСт Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° скорости измСнСния ΡƒΠ³Π»Π° напряТСния Π² ΡƒΠ·Π»Π΅
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