Maintenance of Russian secondary school students' health (organizational and administrative aspect)

The relevance of the investigated problem is caused by the need to ensure the quality of educational institutions activities aimed at students' health maintenance through the creation of conditions for the organization and management of the activity. The purpose of the article is to develop organizational and pedagogical conditions of maintenance management process, to preserve students' health. Leading methodological approach to the study of this problem is systematic approach that allows considering educational organizations activities aimed at health maintenance as a certain system, to identify a specific set of its constituent elements and show their relationship. The article presents a structural-functional model of health service and according to management principles 1) covers the main areas of activity (labor division principle); 2) identifies the basis of their structural units (structuring principle); 3) the functions of health service activity as a whole, its subsidiaries and certain performers (functional operations accounting principle); 4) provides integrative management performance criteria for health service activities. The information contained in the article may be useful to teachers in terms of the organization of activity on health maintenance in educational institutions by changing organizational and management component of this activity. © 2018 Authors

A small parameter approach for few-body problems

A procedure to solve few-body problems is developed which is based on an expansion over a small parameter. The parameter is the ratio of potential energy to kinetic energy for states having not small hyperspherical quantum numbers, K>K_0. Dynamic equations are reduced perturbatively to equations in the finite-dimension subspace with K\le K_0. Contributions from states with K>K_0 are taken into account in a closed form, i.e. without an expansion over basis functions. Estimates on efficiency of the approach are presented.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figur

Technologies for measuring the dynamic parameters of rowing based on strain gauge systems

One of the criteria for the effectiveness of flatwater rowing biomechanics is the interaction of the athlete with the surface of the water by an oar, as well as the effectiveness of transferring the efforts developed by the athlete to the boat for its advancement. The quality of an athlete's move-ments with a paddle in rowing locomotives depends on the level of development of power abilities and can be quantified using strain gauge systems. However, the lack of recommendations describ-ing the specifics of the preparation and use of such systems in training process significantly reduce the degree of their use. The article discusses the technical features and methodological founda-tions of the use of strain gauge systems to measure the efforts of an athlete when interacting with an oar in flatwater kayaking and canoeing. To substantiate the choice of the scheme of loading and securing the paddle when graduating the strain gauge system, as well as the place of its direct attachment to the forearm, the authors carried out mathematical modeling of diagrams of bending moments arising on the paddle in response to external forces, as a result of which three options for the support and orientation of the paddle are presented, depending on the location of key sup-port points. To substantiate the method of attaching the strain gauge system to the forearm, a series of tests with paddle loading was carried out, as a result of which the presence of a linear relationship between the values of the external load and the readings of the strain gauge system was assessed, as well as the repeatability of the recorded data. Based on the results of the as-sessment, recommendations are presented for the practical application of the results of the study in assessing the speed and strength training of rowers on kayaks and canoes.Одним из критериев эффективности биомеханики гребли на плоской воде является взаимодействие спортсмена с поверхностью воды при помощи весла, а также эффективность передачи усилий, развиваемых спортсменом, на лодку для ее продвижения. Качество движений спортсмена с веслом в гребных тренажерах зависит от уровня развития силовых способностей и может быть количественно оценено с помощью тензометрических систем. Однако отсутствие рекомендаций, описывающих специфику подготовки и использования таких систем в тренировочном процессе, существенно снижает степень их использования. В статье рассматриваются технические особенности и методологические основы использования тензометрических систем для измерения усилий спортсмена при взаимодействии с веслом в плавании на плоских байдарках и каноэ. Для обоснования выбора схемы нагружения и закрепления лопатки при градуировке тензометрической системы, а также места ее непосредственного крепления к цевью, авторами было проведено математическое моделирование диаграмм изгибающих моментов, возникающих на лопатке в ответ на воздействие внешних сил, в результате которого были получены три представлены варианты крепления и ориентации лопасти в зависимости от расположения ключевых точек опоры. Для обоснования способа крепления тензометрической системы к предплечью была проведена серия испытаний с лопастной нагрузкой, в результате которых было оценено наличие линейной зависимости между значениями внешней нагрузки и показаниями тензометрической системы, а также повторяемость записанные данные. По результатам оценки представлены рекомендации по практическому применению результатов исследования при оценке скоростно-силовой подготовки гребцов на байдарках и каноэ

Effects of limited introgressions from Triticum timopheevii Tausch. into the genome of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on physiological and biochemical traits under normal watering and drought

Alien hybridization in cereals is used for comparative investigations of genome structure and evolution as well as for extracting useful genes from the wild gene pool. The tetraploid species Triticum timopheevii has long been used as a source of genes for resistance to fungal diseases. Line 821 was developed on the genetic background of cultivar Saratovskaya 29 (S29), which is drought-resistant but is very susceptible to diseases and carries big introgressions in 2A and 2B chromosomes and a small introgression in the subtelomeric region of 5A chromosome. The two genotypes were compared for the parameters associated with direct and indirect reaction of the photosynthetic apparatus to water stress. In flag leaves of 821 line, an increased transpiration rate and stomatal conductance (1.6 times the value in optimal watering and 1.2 times the value under water deficit) and, correspondingly, reduced water use efficiency were found compared to the initial cultivar. Additionally, the actual effectiveness and electron transport rate of photosystem II and chlorophyll and carotenoid content were reduced as well as the total antioxidant capacity (approximately three-fold) under water stress. Under the same conditions, lipoxygenase activity was increased two-fold. On the whole, water deficit tolerance was decreased in the line in comparison with the parental cultivar and was accompanied by leaf senescence. Thus, it may be supposed that 2A, 2B and 5A chromosomes of the drought-tolerant cultivar S29 carry important genetic factors responsible for reaction to water stress in wheat plants

Physiological responses to water deficiency in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines with genetically different leaf pubescence

Studying the relationship between leaf pubescence and drought resistance is important for assessing Triticum aestivum L. genetic resources. The aim of the work was to assess resistance of common wheat genotypes with different composition and allelic state of genes that determine the leaf pubescence phenotype. We compared the drought resistance wheat variety Saratovskaya 29 (S29) with densely pubescent leaves, carrying the dominant alleles of the Hl1 and Hl3 genes, and two near isogenic lines, i: S29 hl1, hl3 and i: S29 Hl2aesp, with the introgression of the additional pubescence gene from diploid species Aegilops speltoides. Under controlled conditions of the climatic chamber, the photosynthetic pigments content, the activity of ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes and also the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence used to assess the physiological state of the plants photosynthetic apparatus were studied in the leaves of S29 and the lines. Tolerance was evaluated using the comprehensive index D, calculated on the basis of the studied physiological characteristics. The recessive state of pubescence genes, as well as the introduction of the additional Hl2aesp gene, led to a 6-fold decrease in D. Under the water deficit influence, the fluorescence parameters profile changed in the lines, and the viability index decreased compared with S29. Under drought, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase in the line i: S29 hl1, hl3 decreased 1.9, 3.3 and 2.3 times, in the line i: S29 Hl2aesp it decreased 1.8, 3.6 and 1.8 times respectively, compared with S29. In a hydroponic greenhouse, line productivity was studied. Compared with S29, the thousand grains mass in the line i: S29 hl1, hl3 under water deficit was reduced. The productivity of the line i: S29 Hl2aesp was significantly reduced regardless of water supply conditions in comparison with S29. Presumably, the revealed effects are associated with violations of cross-regulatory interactions between the proteins of the trichome formation network and transcription factors that regulate plant growth and stress response