22 research outputs found

    Current epidemiological situation on Particularly Dangerous Mycoses around the World and Forecast of Its Development

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    The literature review focuses on epidemiological aspects of the spread of particularly dangerous mycoses across the world (coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis). Forecast of morbidity rates for the next few years is provided too. Out of all endemic mycoses, coccidioidomycosis, endemic for North America regions, poses the most dangerous threat. In case of the infection, complications are most likely to arise, including the dissemination of the process in immunocompromised persons. Histoplasmosis is also classed as particularly dangerous mycosis. It affects both humans and animals. It is endemic for North, Central and South America, as well as Asia and Australia. The most studied endemic areas of infection with blastomycosis are in the territory of North America, while paracoccidioidomycosis is endemic for Latin America countries. Analysis of academic publications on particularly dangerous mycoses over the last three years testifies to the increase in their morbidity rates around the world. This situation is associated, primarily, with the increment in the number of immunocompromised subjects. An important stage in the improvement of the agent diagnostics is introduction of advanced methods for early diagnostics of mycoses, in particular, molecular-genetic and genome sequencing tools. It could also allow for the detection of patients beyond the limits of endemic foci

    Molecular Diagnostics of Histoplasmosis

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    Histoplasmosis is a systemic fungal disease that occurs worldwide. The highest incidence of the disease is reported on the American continent. It also occurs in China, India, South-Eastern Asia, Africa, Australia and Europe. Clinical syndromes of histoplasmosis are not specific and in most cases immunocompetent individuals are asymptomatic or present mild influenza-like disease. Immunocompromised patients especially individuals with AIDS, can develop a severe and fatal disease due to fungal dissemination to many organs. Etiological agent of histoplasmosis is the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, which inhabits the soils contaminated with bird or bat droppings. Three biological varieties are considered for this fungus: H. capsulatum var. capsulatum, H. capsulatum var. duboissii and H. capsulatum var. farciminosum. Genetic differences are observed among H. capsulatum strains from diverse regions of the world. The main molecular methodologies for genetic typing of fungi are based on DNA fingerprinting. They have been an important instrument to identify possible sources of infection in outbreaks of histoplasmosis. Genetic profiles of H. capsulatum, isolated from bats and humans, helped to understand the distribution of the disease in certain endemic regions. The con-ventional diagnosis of histoplasmosis is performed by means of cultural and microscopic examination of samples from the respiratory tract and biologic fluids. However, these techniques yield positive results in only 50 % of cases. In the last two decades, approaches for the detecting of H. capsulatum in clinical samples, using different molecular targets, based on PCR assay have been developed. Their use can shorten the time span of analysis for diagnosis confirmation. Molecular methods have high specificity and sensitivity and reduce the risk of infection for the laboratory personnel. In this study we reviewed the recently published data on the use of main molecular methods for diagnosis of histoplasmosis

    ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… расстояний Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π₯Π΅ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ½Π³Π°

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    It is proved that under certain conditions, non-primitive Hamming codes are quadratic residue codes, and can be at arbitrarily large minimum distance. Therefore, unlike primitive Hamming codes without decoding the primitive have unlimited possibilities.Π”ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… условиях Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π₯Π΅ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ сколь ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ большоС минимальноС расстояниС. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ, Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π₯Π΅ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ возмоТности. Π’Π°Π±Π». 6. Π‘ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ³Ρ€. - 10 Π½Π°Π·Π²

    Автоморфизмы ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ ошибок ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΈΠ΄Π° – Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°

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    The purpose of this work with its results presented in the article was to develop and transfer to the class of Reed – Solomon codes (RS-codes) the basic provisions of the theory of syndrome norms (TNS), previously developed for the noise-resistant coding of the class of Bose – Chaudhuri – Hocquenghem codes (BCH-codes), which is actively used in theory and practice. To achieve this goal, a transition has been made in the interpretation of the theory of RS-codes from polynomial to matrix language. This approach allows you to fully use the capabilities of Galois field theory. The main difficulty of RS-codes is that they rely on a non-binary alphabet. The same factor is attractive for practical applications of RS-codes. The matrix language allows you to break the syndromes of errors into components that are elements of the Galois field – the field of definition of RS-codes. The TNS for BCH codes is based on the use of automorphisms of these codes – cyclic and cyclotomic substitutions. Automorphisms of RS-codes are studied in detail. The cyclic substitution belongs to the categories of automorphisms of RS-codes and generates a subgroup Π“ of order N (code length). The cyclotomic substitution does not belong to the class of automorphisms of RS-codes – the power of the alphabet greater than 2 prevents this. When expanding the concept of automorphism of a code beyond substitutions of coordinates of vectors to automorphisms of RS-codes, homotheties or affine substitutions can be attributed, since they also form a cyclic group A of order N. It is shown that cyclic and affine substitutions commute with each other, which, generally speaking, is not typical for linear operators and substitutions. The group Π“ of cyclic substitutions, the group A of affine substitutions, and the combined AΠ“ group of order N2 generate 3 types of error orbits in RS-codes. The structure of the orbits of errors with respect to the action of groups A, Π“ and the combined group AΠ“ is studied {231 words}.ЦСль Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹, Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ прСдставлСны Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ пСрСносС Π½Π° класс ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΈΠ΄Π° – Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ½Π° (Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²) Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ синдромов (ВНБ), Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ для Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ примСняСмого Π² Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ помСхоустойчивого кодирования класса ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π‘ΠΎΡƒΠ·Π° – Π§ΠΎΡƒΠ΄Ρ…ΡƒΡ€ΠΈ – Π₯ΠΎΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ° (Π‘Π§Π₯-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²). Для достиТСния поставлСнной Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈ осущСствлСн ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ Π² ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² с полиномиального языка Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ позволяСт Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ возмоТности Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π“Π°Π»ΡƒΠ°. Главная ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π»Ρ„Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΆΠ΅ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ являСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ для практичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ язык позволяСт Ρ€Π°Π·Π±ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ синдромы ошибок Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ элСмСнтами поля Π“Π°Π»ΡƒΠ° – поля опрСдСлСния Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ВНБ для Π‘Π§Π₯-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² опираСтся Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² этих ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² – цикличСских ΠΈ циклотомичСских подстановок. Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ЦикличСская подстановка относится ΠΊ разрядам Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ Π“ порядка N (Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°). ЦиклотомичСская подстановка Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ классу Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² – ΠΌΠΎΡ‰Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π°Π»Ρ„Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π°, большая 2, прСпятствуСт этому. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ понятия Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π° Π·Π° Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠΈ пСрСстановок ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ отнСсти ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Ρ„Ρ„ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ подстановки, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ А порядка N. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ цикличСская ΠΈ аффинная подстановки ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ, Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ говоря, Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ для Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ подстановок. Π“Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° Π“ цикличСских подстановок, Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° А Π°Ρ„Ρ„ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… подстановок ΠΈ объСдинСнная АГ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° порядка N2 ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ 3 Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚ ошибок Π² Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ…. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ строСниС ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚ ошибок ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ дСйствия Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ А, Π“ ΠΈ объСдинСнной Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ АГ {231 слово}

    Laboratory Diagnostics of Coccidioidomycosis

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    Coccidioidomycosis is a systemic disease induced by dimorphic fungi Coccidioides and C. posadasii. Its causative agents - primary pathogens - are endemic for American states. However introduced cases of the disease can be traced in some other world regions too. This paper contains summarized foreign literature data on the issue. Presented are the results of our own investigations on the problem of Coccidioidomycosis diagnostics. Discussed are also problems and prospective of the development of a diagnostic preparations designed to detect and identify Coccidioides spp

    ΠšΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡ ошибок Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ… Рида–Боломона с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΈΡ… Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ²

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    The article explores the syndrome invariants of АГ-group of automorphisms of Reed–Solomon codes (RS-codes) that are a joint group of affine and cyclic permutations. The found real invariants are a set of norms of N Π“-orbits that make up one or another АГ-orbit. The norms of Π“-orbits are vectors with 2 1 CΞ΄βˆ’ coordinates from the Galois field, that are determined by all kinds of pairs of components of the error syndromes. In this form, the invariants of the АГ-orbits were cumbersome and difficult to use. Therefore, their replacement by conditional partial invariants is proposed. These quasi-invariants are called norm-projections. Norm-projection uniquely identifies its АГ-orbit and therefore serves as an adequate way for formulating the error correction method by RS-codes based on АГ-orbits. The power of the АГ-orbits is estimated by the value of N2, equal to the square of the length of the RS-code. The search for error vectors in transmitted messages by a new method is reduced to parsing the АГ‑orbits, but actually their norm-projections, with the subsequent search for these errors within a particular АГ-orbit. Therefore, the proposed method works almost N2 times faster than traditional syndrome methods, operating on the basic of the β€œsyndrome – error” principle, that boils down to parsing the entire set of error vectors until a specific vector is found.Π˜ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ синдромныС ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ АГ-Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Рида–Боломона (РБ‑кодах) – совмСстной Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ Π°Ρ„Ρ„ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ цикличСских подстановок. НайдСнныС Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ собой ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ N Π“-ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚, ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Ρƒ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡŽ АГ-ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚Ρƒ. Нормы Π“-ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ извСстно, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ с 2 1 CΞ΄βˆ’ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· поля Π“Π°Π»ΡƒΠ° – поля задания Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ всСвозмоТными ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ синдромов ошибок. Π’ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ АГ-ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚ оказались Π³Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ тяТСловСсными Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° компромиссная ΠΈΡ… Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π° условныС, частичныС ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π­Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·ΠΈ-ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ. Норма-проСкция ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ свою АГ-ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚Ρƒ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ слуТит Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ инструмСнтом для Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ошибок Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° основС АГ-ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚. ΠœΠΎΡ‰Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ АГ-ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚ оцСниваСтся Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ N2, Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρƒ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°. Поиск Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²-ошибок Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… сообщСниях Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ сводится ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ АГ-ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚, Π° Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ – ΠΈΡ… Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ, с ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ- иском этих ошибок Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ АГ-ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π΅Ρ‚ практичСски Π² N2 Ρ€Π°Π· быстрСС Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… синдромных ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡƒ «синдром-ошибки», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‡Π΅, сводится ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ всСго мноТСства ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²-ошибок Π΄ΠΎ нахоТдСния ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°

    West Nile Fever Epidemic Situation in the Russian Federation Territory in 2011 and Prognosis of its Development

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    Presented is characteristic of West Nile Fever (WNF) epidemiologic situation in the Russian Federation in 2011. Expansion of the territories involved in the epidemic process and formation of the new WNF foci are observed. Data on WNF morbidity in June-October 2011 in ten regions of Russia are presented. Described are clinical and epidemiologic peculiarities of WNF morbidity in 2011. WNF agent markers are detected in the territory of 38 regions of Russia, suggesting its circulation on the vast areas of the country. Prognosis on WNF epidemic situation in the Russian Federation is considered to be dependent on many factors, climate warming being the most global one. Natural foci emergence and WNF cases registration are expected in the near future in the central regions of European part of Russia and forest-steppe area of Southern Siberia. WNF diagnostics improvement is thought to confer for better registration of the cases and detection of further enlargement of endemic territories

    ВлияниС Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ кислорода, примСняСмых Π²ΠΎ врСмя ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ…Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ анСстСзии, Π½Π° структурно-Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ эритроцитов

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    Objective: to study the effect of different concentrations of oxygen on structural and functional parameters of red blood cells during balanced multicomponent sevoflurane-based endotracheal anesthesia. Subjects and methods. The prospective, randomized trial enrolled 20 persons (aged 52.7Β±16.2 years) who underwent the same surgical procedure. The patients were divided into 2 groups, which differed inintraoperatively used oxygen concentration in the inspired mixture,50% FiO2 (group 1) and 21% FiO2 (Group 2). A morphological difractometric analysis of patients’ red blood cells was performed preoperatively, intraoperatively, and after anesthesia. Results. In Group 1, red blood cells demonstrated statistically significant trend towards macrocytosis (82.4Β±23.3 fl before general anesthesia versus 85.1Β±20.6 fl after anesthesia; Ρ€=0.02); in group 2, there were no statistically significant changes in red blood cell volumes. Lateral light scattering was ignificantly decreased after anesthesia in Group 1 (146.2Β±17.7 U versus 162.9Β±23.0 U prior to anesthesia (Ρ€<0.005) and 156.4Β±16.3 U during the surgery (Ρ€<0.05)). The coefficient of variation in half-height of lateral light scattering of red blood cells was also significantly increased at the final stage of observation in Group 1 (26.3Β±3.1 U versus 22.1Β±5.0 U during surgery, Ρ€Key words: red blood cells, homeostasis, general anesthesia, hyperoxia, morphological difractometry.ЦСль исслСдования . Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ влияниС Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ кислорода, примСняСмых Π²ΠΎ врСмя сбалансированной ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ…Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ анСстСзии Π½Π° основС сСвофлурана, Π½Π° структурно-Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ эритроцитов. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π’ проспСктивноС, Ρ€Π°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ исслСдованиС Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ 20 Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ (52,7Β±16,2 Π»Π΅Ρ‚), ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ хирургичСскоС Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ. ΠŸΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ кислорода Π²ΠΎ Π²Π΄Ρ‹Ρ…Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ смСси (с FiO2 50% (Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° 1) ΠΈ 21% (Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° 2). ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ морфодифрактомСтричСский Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· эритроцитов ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ… этапах (Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΠΎ врСмя Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΈ послС анСстСзии). Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π’ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅, Π³Π΄Π΅ использовали FiO2 Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ 50%, наблюдалась статистичСски значимая тСндСнция эритроцитов ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ·Ρƒ (82,4Β±23,3 Ρ„Π» Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ анСстСзии, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с 85,1Β±20,6 Ρ„Π» послС анСстСзии; Ρ€=0,02), Π² сравнСнии с Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ с FiO2 Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ 21%, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ объСма эритроцитов Π½Π΅ наблюдалось. Π‘ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ свСторассСиваниС статистичСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎ снизилось послС анСстСзии Π² 1 Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ (146,2Β±17,7 Π΅Π΄. Π² сравнСнии с 162,9Β±23,0 Π΅Π΄. Π΄ΠΎ анСстСзии (Ρ€<0,005) ΠΈ 156,4Β±16,3 Π΅Π΄. Π²ΠΎ врСмя ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ (Ρ€<0,05). ΠšΠΎΡΡ„Ρ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ полувысоты Π±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ свСторассСивания эритроцитов Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ статистичСски достовСрно увСличивался Π½Π° послСднСм этапС наблюдСния Π² 1 Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ (26,3Β±3,1 Π΅Π΄. Π² сравнСнии с 22,1Β±5,0 Π΅Π΄. Π²ΠΎ врСмя ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ (Ρ€<0,05) ΠΈ 20,8Β±3,9 Π΅Π΄. Π΄ΠΎ анСстСзии (Ρ€<0,005). Π’ΠΎ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ статистичСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ этих Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ наблюдалось. Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Нами установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²ΠΎ врСмя ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π² Π² условиях гипСроксии происходит ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΈ свойств эритроцитов, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ связано, вСроятно, с ростом уровня прооксидантов. ΠšΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ слова: эритроциты, гомСостаз, общая анСстСзия, гипСроксия, ΠΌΠΎΡ€-фодифрактомСтрия

    COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY OF ACCELEROMYOGRAPHY AND KINEMYOGRAPHY TO MONITOR NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION

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    The purpose of the study is to compare two techniques of neuromuscular transmission (acceleromyography and kinemyography) during multicomponent anesthesia during abdominal laparoscopic surgery. The average value of the difference between methods during the block start makes 9.6% (95% CI 7.2–12.1), lower agreement limit makes 24.1%, upper agreement level makes +43.3%. The average value of the difference between methods regarding restoration of neuromuscular transmission makes 3.1% (95% CI 3.1-7.5), lower agreement limit makes 24.1%, and upper limit makes 24.0%. The both above techniques are accurate, confident, simple and can be used for evaluation of neuromuscular transmission
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