Role of CT Angiography in Detection of Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease in Patients With Acutely Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

Introduction: Computed tomography (CT) and CT angiography are standard imaging modalities for suspected acute intracerebral hemorrhage due to ruptured intracranial aneurysms. In this clinical setting, several protocols of computed tomography and CT angiography may be implemented. The standard CT angiography protocol is limited to intracranial vessels. The extended protocol may also include carotid and vertebral arteries and the aortic arch.Objective: To define the CT angiography role in detection of extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease and clinical significance of this method for patients with suspected acute intracerebral hemorrhages due to ruptured intracranial aneurysms.Materials and methods: The study included 275 neurosurgical patients with acute nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhages due to ruptured intracranial aneurysms who were treated in Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 (Krasnodar, Russian Federation) from September 2017 to August 2020. Computed tomography and CT angiography were performed in all patients. The scanned area included both intracranial and extracranial arteries (an arch-to-vertex angiogram) to detect extracranial carotid and vertebral artery diseases such as stenoses, occlusions, tortuosity, and hypoplasia.Results: Atherosclerosis of internal carotid and vertebral arteries was diagnosed in 95 patients (34.5% of the total number of patients included in the study). In 13 (4.7%) patients these stenoses were hemodynamically significant. We identified a high frequency of tortuous carotid and vertebral arteries (122 cases, 44.3%) and vertebral artery hypoplasia (59 cases, 21.5%). The carotid and vertebral artery stenoses and congenital anomalies of vertebral arteries (however, not of carotid arteries) were associated with a higher incidence of unfavorable outcomes after endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms.Conclusions: The optimal CT angiography protocol for acute nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage should focus on the arteries of the head and neck (up to the aortic arch). This protocol shows higher detection rate of concomitant anomalies of carotid and vertebral arteries. These findings are important for planning and successful performance of endovascular treatment for intracranial aneurysms

Центральная гемодинамика и транспорт кислорода при разном темпе активизации больных, оперированных с искусственным кровообращением

Objective: to study central hemodynamics, the determinants of myocardial oxygen balance, and the parameters of oxygen transport in various activation of patients after surgery under extracorporeal circulation. Subjects and methods. Thirty-four patients aged 57.8±2.5 years who had coronary heart disease were divided into 2 groups: 1) those with late activation (artificial ventilation time 157±9 min) and 2) those with immediate activation (artificial ventilation time 33±6 min). Group 2 patients were, if required, given fentanyl, midazolam, or myorelaxants. Results. During activation, there were no intergroup differences in the mean levels of the major parameters of cardiac pump function, in the determinants of coronary blood flow (coronary perfusion gradients) and myocardial oxygen demand (the product of heart rate by systolic blood pressure), and in the parameters of oxygen transport, including arterial lactatemia. After tracheal extubation, the left ventricular pump coefficient was increased considerably (up to 3.8±0.2 and 4.4±0.2 gm/mm Hg/m2 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively; p<0.05) with minimum inotropic support (dopamine and/or dobutamine being used at 2.7±0.3 and 2.4±0.3 mg/kg/min, respectively). In both groups, there were no close correlations between the indices of oxygen delivery and consumption at all stages of the study, which was indicative of no transport-dependent oxygen uptake. Conclusion. When the early activation protocol was followed up, the maximum acceleration of early activation, including that using specific antagonists of anesthetics, has no negative impact on central hemodynamics, the determinants of myocardial oxygen balance and transport in patients operated on under extracorporeal circulation. Key words: early activation, surgery under extracorporeal circulation, tracheal extubation in the operating-room, central hemodynamics, oxygen transport.Цель исследования — изучить центральную гемодинамику, детерминанты кислородного баланса миокарда и параметры транспорта кислорода при различном темпе активизации больных после операций с искусственным кровообращением. Материал и методы. Обследовали 34 больных ишемической болезнью сердца в возрасте 57,8±2,5 года, разделенных на 2 группы: 1-я — с отсроченной активизацией (время искусственной вентиляции легких — 157±9 мин) и 2-я — с немедленной активизацией (время искусственной вентиляции легких — 33±6 мин). При необходимости больным 2-й группы назначали антагонисты фентанила, мидазолама и миорелаксантов. Результаты. Во время активизации не было межгрупповых отличий в среднем уровне основных параметров насосной функции сердца, детерминантах коронарного кровотока (коронарные перфузионные градиенты) и потребности миокарда в кислороде (произведение частоты сердечных сокращений на систолическое артериальное давление), а также показателях транспорта кислорода, включая артериальную лактатемию. После экс-тубации трахеи существенно (

EmoEye: айтрекер и биометрическая база данных для распознавания эмоций

Original manuscript received February 01, 2023. Revised manuscript accepted February 20, 2023.Emotion recognition using Machine Learning algorithms is often used both in science and commerce. Responding to the demand for deep learning techniques of automatic emotion detection using biological signals and our own business needs as a neuromarketing laboratory, we created a large dataset of eye tracking and biometrics data suitable for emotion recognition tasks. The EmoEye database sample consisted of 200 people (147 women, 49 men, 4 non-binary individuals; 27.46 ± 11.45 years old). Each respondent was asked to view 316 images from the Open Affective Standardized Image Set (OASIS) and rate them on arousal and valence scales from the Self-Assessment Manikin questionnaire. Eye tracking, galvanic skin response (GSR), and photoplethysmogram were recorded throughout the experiment. Demographic data was also collected for each respondent. The image ratings on the valence scale did not differ statistically from the standard ratings of the corresponding images for the original stimulus base. The overall distribution trends of ratings on both scales for different categories of images were similar for standard ratings and ratings obtained from our respondents. As a result of this study, a corpus of GSR, heart rate variability and eye movement reactions data (fixation coordinates; fixation duration; average pupil size for the right and left eye) was compiled and successfully trained on a multimodal neural network algorithm within our laboratory and is ready for further implementation.Распознавание эмоций с помощью алгоритмов машинного обучения часто используется как в науке, так и в коммерции. С помощью методов глубокого обучения для автоматического обнаружения эмоций с использованием биологических сигналов мы подготовили набор данных для айтрекинга и биометрических данных, подходящих для задач распознавания эмоций. Выборка базы данных EmoEye состояла из 200 человек (147 женщин, 49 мужчин, 4 небинарных индивидуума; 27,46 ± 11,45 лет). Каждому респонденту было предложено просмотреть 316 изображений из открытого аффективного стандартизированного набора изображений (OASIS) и оценить их по шкалам возбуждения и валентности из опросника «Манекен самооценки». Отслеживание взгляда, кожно-гальваническая реакция (GSR) и фотоплетизмограмма регистрировались на протяжении всего эксперимента. Также были собраны демографические данные по каждому респонденту. Оценки изображений по валентной шкале статистически не отличались от стандартных оценок соответствующих изображений для исходной базы стимулов. Общие тенденции распределения оценок по обеим шкалам для разных категорий изображений были одинаковыми для стандартных оценок и оценок, которые были даны нашими респондентами. В результате исследования в рамках нашей лаборатории были получены данные о GSR, вариабельности сердечного ритма и реакциях движения глаз (координаты фиксации; длительность фиксации; средний размер зрачка для правого и левого глаза), которые были успешно реализованы на основе мультимодального нейросетевого алгоритма и готовы к внедрению

Transcriptional profile of breast muscle in heat stressed layers is similar to that of broiler chickens at control temperature

Abstract Background In recent years, the commercial importance of changes in muscle function of broiler chickens and of the corresponding effects on meat quality has increased. Furthermore, broilers are more sensitive to heat stress during transport and at high ambient temperatures than smaller egg-laying chickens. We hypothesised that heat stress would amplify muscle damage and expression of genes that are involved in such changes and, thus, lead to the identification of pathways and networks associated with broiler muscle and meat quality traits. Broiler and layer chickens were exposed to control or high ambient temperatures to characterise differences in gene expression between the two genotypes and the two environments. Results Whole-genome expression studies in breast muscles of broiler and layer chickens were conducted before and after heat stress; 2213 differentially-expressed genes were detected based on a significant (P < 0.05) genotype × treatment interaction. This gene set was analysed with the BioLayout Express3D and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software and relevant biological pathways and networks were identified. Genes involved in functions related to inflammatory reactions, cell death, oxidative stress and tissue damage were upregulated in control broilers compared with control and heat-stressed layers. Expression of these genes was further increased in heat-stressed broilers. Conclusions Differences in gene expression between broiler and layer chickens under control and heat stress conditions suggest that damage of breast muscles in broilers at normal ambient temperatures is similar to that in heat-stressed layers and is amplified when broilers are exposed to heat stress. The patterns of gene expression of the two genotypes under heat stress were almost the polar opposite of each other, which is consistent with the conclusion that broiler chickens were not able to cope with heat stress by dissipating their body heat. The differentially expressed gene networks and pathways were consistent with the pathological changes that are observed in the breast muscle of heat-stressed broilers