Genetic variation of the nuclear sequences of mitochondrial origin associated with retrotransposon Tv1 insertions in Drosophila species of the virilis group

Mitochondrial DNA sequences integrated into chromosomes are a promising object for designing genetic markers for studies of phylogenesis and genomic instability. Mitochondrial genomes of D. virilis and other Drosophila species of the virilis group contain (AT)n microsatellites in the spacer region between the atp6 and cox3 genes, and this microsatellite sequence is one of the hallmarks of the virilis group. The nuclear genome of D. virilis contains many extended fragments of mitochondrial DNA, which in total are several times longer than the mitochondrial genome. These nuclear sequences of mitochondrial origin contain all types of mitochondrial sequences, including mitochondrial genes and the aforementioned microsatellite sequence. The presence of the (AT)n microsatellite allows insertion of retrotransposon Tv1, which can transpose into the (AT)n microsatellite in a site-specific manner. The Tv1 insertion into (AT)n, close to the atp6 or cox3 pseudogenes produces a unique sequence. This sequence is formed by retrotransposon Tv1 and pseudogenes atp6 or cox3. This unique sequence can be detected in the genome by a PCR-based method. We applied this method to the detection and analysis of the nucleotide variability of the pseudogenes atp6 and cox3 associated with Tv1 insertions in a D. virilis cell culture and in the genomes of four Drosophila species of the virilis group: D. virilis, D. montana, D. borealis, and D. lacicola. We discovered new events of mitochondrial sequence transfer to the nucleus in the transplanted cell culture of D. virilis, and new Tv1 insertions, having emerged during the passage of this cell line were detected in the genome of the D. virilis transplanted cell culture. We found atp6 and cox3 pseudogenes associated with insertions of retrotransposon Tv1 in the nuclear genomes of four Drosophila species from the virilis group. These chimeric sequences proved to be species-specific. The age of the Tv1 insertion into the atp6 and cox3 pseudogenes is estimated at 1.50 Ma for D. virilis, 1.31 Ma for D. lacicola, and 1.56 Ma for D. borealis. A specific situation was revealed for D. montana, in which Tv1 insertions with nearly identical 5' and 3' long terminal repeats (LTRs) were present in accessions of flies from Europe and Asia. The age of this insertion was about 300 thousand years, and the insertion was absent from the D. montana fly line from North America

Cognitive and Simulation Modeling of Regional Economic System Development

Sustainable development of regional economy is the declared as a strategic objective of the state. From these positions, studying of the regional socio-economic phenomena and processes, development of the corresponding research and managerial tools are actual tasks. Authors consider the regional economy as a complex hierarchical system. This requires identification of its state, structure, particularities in its development and governance. These factors are investigated using the means of simulation modeling. Authors suggest to use the developed cognitive and simulation modeling methodology, which is based on cognitive approach, the theory of hierarchical multilevel structures, fixed and fuzzy directed graphs. The study illustrates possibilities of cognitive-simulation modeling and foresight of the socio-economic system development at the regional level. Keywords: simulation modeling, regional development, sustainable development JEL Classifications: C63, R5

Theory of Spike Spiral Waves in a Reaction-Diffusion System

We discovered a new type of spiral wave solutions in reaction-diffusion systems --- spike spiral wave, which significantly differs from spiral waves observed in FitzHugh-Nagumo-type models. We present an asymptotic theory of these waves in Gray-Scott model. We derive the kinematic relations describing the shape of this spiral and find the dependence of its main parameters on the control parameters. The theory does not rely on the specific features of Gray-Scott model and thus is expected to be applicable to a broad range of reaction-diffusion systems.Comment: 4 pages (REVTeX), 2 figures (postscript), submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Cognitive modeling of informatization influence on socio-economic indicators of the region

The article discusses topical issues of the influence of informatization on the development of the country’s regions in the conditions of the modern unstable world. The nature of the development of a region can be reflected and understood on the basis of qualitative and quantitative information about its socio-economic indicators, about their relationship and trends in their changes under the influence of internal and external factors. At the same time, information can most often be incomplete, difficult to access, untimely, contradictory, etc. Therefore, in this paper, it is proposed to use a cognitive approach and cognitive modeling of complex systems to overcome the problems of information deficiency by imitating cognitive modeling of the structure and behavior of a complex regional system. The simulation was carried out using the author’s CMCS (Cognitive Modeling Complex System) software system. The results of multi-stage cognitive modeling, consisting in the development of cognitive maps “Influence of ICT on the state of the region” and “Digitalization of the republic” (according to the socio-economic state of the Republic of Dagestan), analysis of structural properties and modeling scenarios for the development of situations on the model are presented. Scenarios make it possible to foresee the ways of possible development of the system under the influence of various factors, including the factor of informatization

Training Specialists in the Field of Innovative Financial Technologies in Russia

Formation of educational programs for new types of activity is a complex task that should be solved on the basis of interaction between educational institutions and the professional community, assessment of the current market demand for specialists with certain competencies. But the task becomes much more complicated if the need for specialists is growing rapidly, and the community of professionals is just being formed and cannot have the proper impact on the educational services market. In this case, the educational infrastructure, under certain conditions, can become a controlling component of market development, but it can also become a factor in false goal-setting and inhibition of development.The popularity of financial technologies among the population and applicants prompts higher educational institutions to form educational programs, which are often criticized, and graduates do not always gain employment in accordance with their diploma qualifications. There is a contradiction between the expectations of the labor market, which have not yet been formalized, and the supply from Russian educational institutions.Purpose. The article aims to formulate proposals for the standardization of requirements for specialists in innovative financial technologies (FinTech) based on the consolidation and analysis of the opinions of companies professionally involved in FinTech. Research methods. The authors applied generalization and empirical research methods such as selective market research, statistical observation. Results. The results of an empirical study on the existing educational programs in the sphere of financial technology (Fintech) are presented. Scientific novelty. It is shown that in the conditions of an underdeveloped market and the initial stage of a professional community development, educational infrastructure can become a tool for market development based on a common understanding and standardization of educational competencies and programming of its further development. Practical significance. Taking into account the results obtained, conclusions were formulated that make it possible to substantiate the need to introduce an independent assessment of the formed qualifications into the educational process

New interaction paradigm of ecological, social and economic structures of human activity

Realities of the XXI century demand searching and grounding measures on changing economic, political, and the main thing, ideological institutions that determine trends of evolution and managing vital human activity at national and over-national levels. Using synergetic approach, the authors made an attempt to synthesize conclusions and main theses of neo-institutionalism theory, onto-psychology, as well as results of biological evolution for determining the way to overcome global ecological crisis at nano-level and to form a model of the mankind's optimal evolution on the base of principle "priorities through parities", using DNAsymbol as a code of survival, through co-evolution of economy and ecology. The main problem, existing even in economically developed countries, is the realization of the fact that the paradigm of the stationary economy is the only condition for the mankind's survival. To solve this problem serious transformation of ideological institutions is necessary, at the expense of comprehensive and based on onto-psychological methods program of ecological literacy, that should harmonically blend with the presented by the authors triads of state strategic management and achieving the goal of development. It is the transformation of the national matrix, content and direction of which are set in order to ensure a balance of interests of all participants in ecological and economic development, will lay the necessary rules, both formal and informal, in the style of human behavior, social groups, the national economy. Realization of the program ecological literacy within the national policy on ecological development of the regions is one of the most important conditions for a natural, not imposed from the outside, prepare to use the paradigm of a sustainable economy as the basis of economic, political and ideological institutions of modern society, which is primarily the formation of a new paradigm of human device - devices nano-level decision-making, consumer behavior

Аcinetobacter baumannii bv Tryptophandestruens bv nov. isolated from clinical samples

The aim of the study was to determine the taxonomic status of a group consisting of atypical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, outline relevant characteristics and methods necessary for their identification. There were examined 10 strains of A. baumannii (6 of them primary comprised) bearing similar profile of atypical features isolated from clinical samples (urine, sputum) in 2017–2019 at the Military Medical Academy. Сlinical strains of typical A. baumannii (n = 36), Acinetobacter nosocomialis (n = 14), Acinetobacter pittii (n = 9) and 1 strain of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus isolated from the external environment were used in comparative studies. Atypical strains had the characteristics of A. calcoaceticus — A. baumannii (ACB) complex bacteria and were identified as A. baumannii. The utilization of substrates as the only carbon source was studied on a dense synthetic medium added with 0.2 % substrate during incubation for 72 hours at 37°C. Carbohydrate oxidation coupled to acid formation was detected on the Hugh–Leifson medium by using a micromethod. Aromatic amino acid biotransformation was carried out in liquid and dense nutrient media assessed in chromogenic reaction. The rpoB gene was used for strain genetic characterization. Amplification of two 940 and 1210 base pair (bp)-long fragments from the rpoB gene was performed by the routine polymerase chain reaction using primers with previously described sequences. Amplification products were sequenced by Sanger using Big Dye Terminator v3.1 (Applied Biosystems, USA) and capillary electrophoresis on an automatic sequencer ABI PRISM 3130 (Applied Biosystems, USA), followed by using methods for determining the similarity levels of sequenced fragments with the rpoB gene sequences of the reference strain A. baumannii ATCC 17978 (GenBank accession no. CP053098.1). It was found that all strains belonging to atypical A. baumannii spp. had a specific set of features that distinguish them from typical strains of A. baumannii as well as other types of the ACB complex: detected biotransformation of L-tryptophan (via anthranilate pathway) and anthranilic acid under unambiguous lack of such signs in other bacteria; lack of utilized sodium hippurate and L-arabinose being unambiguously evident in other bacteria; lack of utilized L-tryptophan, putrescine, L-ornithine being utilized in the majority of strains of belonging to other bacterial species. Genetic analysis showed that the control strains of typical A. baumannii displayed 99.20–99.21% similarity within the sequenced fragments of the rpoB gene with those from the rpoB gene of the reference strain. All 10 strains of atypical A. baumannii had similar features (99.20–99.21%). At the same time, parameters of control strains from other bacterial species significantly differed: A. nosocomialis (95.10–95.97%), A. pittii (94.63–94.92%), A. calcoaceticus (93.00%). Hence, the strains of atypical and typical A. baumannii are genetically homogeneous and belong to the same species. The data presented allow us to consider this group of atypical A. baumannii strains as a new biovar. We propose the name for this new biovar — tryptophandestruens (tryptophan-destroying) stemming from the Latin word destruens — destroying. Identification of A. baumannii bv. tryptophandestruens bacteria can be carried out in laboratory of any level by using tests for L-tryptophan biotransformation as well as sodium hippurate utilization

Neurogenic dysfunction of the lower urinary tract in infectious and inflammatory diseases of the spine: is there a correlation with clinical and radiological variants of myelopathy? Preliminary result of the analysis of a single-center cohort

Objective. To study the relationship between clinical and radiation variants of myelopathy and types of the neurogenic dysfunction of the lower urinary tract in patients with infectious spondylitis. Material and Methods. A single-center cohort observational study was conducted with the analysis of medical records and a prospective examination of 20 patients with infectious spondylitis complicated by neurogenic dysfunction of the lower urinary tract. Results. Infectious spondylitis can be complicated by the development of various urodynamic disorders, including neurogenic detrusor hyperactivity (30 %), its combination with detrusor-sphincter dissinergia (30 %) and a decrease in detrusor contractility (40 %). In 50 % of patients, an urodynamic examination revealed an increase in detrusor pressure of more than 40 cm water. There was no connection between the development of any type of lower urinary tract dysfunction and MRI types of myelopathy according to Vendatam, as well as between the level of spinal cord compression and the severity of neurological disorders according to AIS. Conclusion. The results of the study do not confirm the existence of a relationship between the various characteristics of myelopathy in infectious spondylitis and the results of urodynamic examination. The limitation of the reliability of the results is the small number of observations. Studies with a larger sample are required to assess the relationship between the clinical and radiation characteristics of myelopathy and variants of neurogenic dysfunction of the lower urinary tract in patients with infectious spondylitis

Neonatal sacrococcygeal teratoma mimicking nefroblastoma

The authors report a case of sacrococcygeal teratoma mimicking nefroblastoma. A newborn male delivered after abnormal pregnancy was found to have the tumor of right kidney at 8 days age by postnatal ultrasonography. Imaging studies suggested nefroblastoma. On the 25th day after the birth the tumor was removed at sugery. Histopathologic examination of the tumor showed mature teratoma. We have the first case of neonatal sacrococcygeal teratoma type IV mimicking nefrofblastoma.В статье описывается случай крестцово-копчиковой тератомы (ККТ) IV типа, клинически проявившаяся как нефробластома. На 8 день после рождения у мальчика на УЗИ была выявлена опухоль правой почки, которая была расценена как нефробластома. Опухоль удалена на 25 день после рождения. При гистологическом исследовании установлен диагноз зрелой тератомы