Upaya Peningkatan Keterampilan Berbicara melalui PS-MTTW dalam Pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu Kelas IV SD

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (1) apakah peningkatan keterampilan berbicara tematik terpadu dapat diupayakan melalui PS-MTTW kelas IV SD semester 2 tahun pelajaran 2018/2019, (2) bagaimanakah langkah-langkah pembelajaran PS-MTTW yang dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa kelas IV SDN Cebongan 03 Salatiga semester II tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Subyek penelitian ini siswa kelas IV SDN Cebongan 03 Salatiga sebanyak 24 siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Prosedur penelitian menggunakan 2 siklus, masing- masing siklus terdiri dari 3 tahap yaitu, 1) perencanaan, 2) tindakan dan observasi, 3) refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah observasi dengan instrumen lembar observasi keterampilan berbicara. Teknik analisis data adalah teknik persentase yakni membandingkan keterampilan berbicara dalam pembelajaran tematik terpadu melalui PS-MTTW antar siklus. Hasil penelitian adalah terdapat peningkatan keterampilan berbicara tematik terpadu, yang diupayakan melalui PS-MTTW antar siklus, yakni sebanyak 54,1% dari seluruh siswa mencapai keterampilan berbicara tinggi di siklus 1 dan meningkat menjadi 87,5% dari seluruh siswa di siklus 2. Selisih antara siklus 1 ke siklus 2 mengalami peningkatan yang mencapai 33,4% dari seluruh siswa. Langkah-langkah PS-MTTW yang dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara adalah: 1) mengamati, 2) berpikir, 3) berbicara dalam diskusi, 4) menanya, 5) menalar, 6) mencoba, 7) menulis, 8) mengkomunikasikan

Upaya Peningkatan Kreativitas Belajar dalam Pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu melalui Pbl-gi Kelas IV SD

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah peningkatan kreativitas belajar siswa dapat diupayakan melalui pembelajaran PBL-GI dan untuk mengethui bagaimanakah langkah-langkah pembelajaran PBL-GI yang dapat meningkatkan kreativitas belajar siswa kelas IV SDN Tingkir Tengah 2 semester 2 tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) model spiral dari C. Kemmis dan Robin Mc. Taggart. Prosedur penelitian menggunakan 2 siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri dari 3 tahap yakni, 1) perencanaan 2) pelaksanaan tindakan dan observasi, 3) refleksi. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SDN Tingkir Tengah 2 sebanyak 35 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi yang dilengkapi dengan rubrik penilaian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan kreativitas belajar tematik terpadu, yang diupayakan melalui PBL-GI antar siklus, yakni sebanyak 51% dari seluruh siswa dengan klasifikasi kreativitas belajar tinggi di siklus 1 dan meningkat menjadi 88% dari seluruh siswa di siklus 2. Langkah-langkah pembelajaran PBL-GI yang dapat meningkatkan kreativitas belajar adalah 1) menyimak tujuan pembelajaran, 2) membentuk siswa dalam 6 kelompok @ 5 siswa, 3) menyimak masalah nyata, 4) mengidentifikasi masalah, 5) menanya, 6) menentukan cara pemecahan masalah, 7) melaksanakan investigasi untuk memecahkan masalah, 8) mengumpulkan data, 9) menyusun laporan, 10) mempresentasikan hasil pemecahan masalah, 11) evaluasi pembelajaran

Upaya Peningkatan Ketrampilan Menulis melalui PS-CIRC

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah peningkatan ketrampilan menulis dapat diupayakan melalui PS-CIRC dan bagaimanakah langkah-langkah PS-CIRC yang dapat meningkatkan ketrampilan menulis siswa kelas V SD. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Prosedur penelitian minimal 2 siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, tindakan dan observasi serta refleksi. Teknik penelitian adalah teknik observasi dengan instrumen lembar observasi yang dilengkapi dengan rubrik ketrampilan menulis. Teknik analisis data adalah teknik persentase untuk membandingkan ketrampilan menulis antar siklus. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan persentase ketrampilan menulis dengan klasifikasi sangat tinggi yakni sebesar 40 % dari seluruh siswa pada siklus I dan 87 % dari seluruh siswa pada siklus II melalui pembelajaran PS-CIRC. Pembelajaran PS-CIRC terdiri dari 10 langkah yaitu : 1) membentuk kelompok yang anggotanya terdiri dari 5 orang, 2) menyimak teks tentang tokoh Proklamasi, 3) merumuskan masalah tentang tokoh Proklamasi, 4) menyampaikan jawaban sementara tentang tokoh Proklamasi, 5) memberi tanggapan tentang contoh sikap persatuan, 6) mengumpulkan informasi tentang peristiwa setelah Proklamasi 7) mendiskusikan tentang peristiwa setelah Proklamasi 8) menuliskan laporan tentang peristiwa setelah Proklamasi 9) mengomunikasikan hasil diskusi tentang peristiwa setelah Proklamasi 10) menyimpulkan hasil diskusi tentang peristiwa setelah Proklamasi

Diagnosing silent cardiac dysautonomia via ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: early diagnosis shown by the lack of heart rate circadian rhythm in type 1 diabetes mellitus

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus (DM) can be complicated by an involvement of Neurovegetative System (NVS), conventionally and non-invasively diagnosed by the means of Ewing's test and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis. It is well known that the NVS is physiologically responsible, via biological clocks, for the regulation of Circadian Rhythms (CR) characterizing the majority of biological functions. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the CR of Heart Rate (HR) and Blood Pressure (BP) in DM, postulating that the diagnosis of Silent Cardiac Dysautonomia (SCD) could be facilitated by detecting anomalous rhythmometric changes, including the worse one, i.e., the lose of a CR. Materials and Methods. The study has been performed on 30 clinically healthy subjects (CHS), 10 patients with DM1 and 30 patients with DM2, who underwent an ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) collecting data equidistantly every 30 minutes, under standardized conditions of lifestyle. The group specific monitored values of systolic (S), diastolic (D) BP, as well as HR have been analyzed via: 1. a conventional analysis of their intradiem variability; 2. a chronobiometric analysis (Cosinor method) of their CR. Results. The conventional analysis disclosed that in CHS, DM1 and DM2, both the HR and BP show an intradiem variability that is significant (p<0.001). The chronobiological analysis showed that in CHS and DM2, both the HR and BP show a significant CR (p<0.001), viceversa in DM1 HR is characterized by a non significant CR (p=0.124), notwithstanding that the SBP and DBP maintain a significant CR (p<0.001). Conclusions. The disappearance of HR CR in DM1 reveals the involvement of neurovegetative biological clock that selectively controls the HR CR, as it is demonstrated by the pathophysiological finding of an internal desynchronization between the HR and BP CR. The selective lose of HR CR in DM1 leads to conclude that the ABPM, along with its Cosinor analysis, might be a practical, repeatable, low cost, low risk technique for diagnosing the SCD, at least in DM1. Clin Ter 2010; 161(1):e1-e1

Primaquine radical cure in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in areas co-endemic for P falciparum and Plasmodium vivax (PRIMA): a multicentre, open-label, superiority randomised controlled trial

Background In areas co-endemic for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum there is an increased risk of P vivax parasitaemia following P falciparum malaria. Radical cure is currently only recommended for patients presenting with P vivax malaria. Expanding the indication for radical cure to patients presenting with P falciparum malaria could reduce their risk of subsequent P vivax parasitaemia. Methods We did a multicentre, open-label, superiority randomised controlled trial in five health clinics in Bangladesh, Indonesia, and Ethiopia. In Bangladesh and Indonesia, patients were excluded if they were younger than 1 year, whereas in Ethiopia patients were excluded if they were younger than 18 years. Patients with uncomplicated P falciparum monoinfection who had fever or a history of fever in the 48 h preceding clinic visit were eligible for enrolment and were required to have a glucose-6-dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity of 70% or greater. Patients received blood schizontocidal treatment (artemether–lumefantrine in Ethiopia and Bangladesh and dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine in Indonesia) and were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either high-dose short-course oral primaquine (intervention arm; total dose 7 mg/kg over 7 days) or standard care (standard care arm; single dose oral primaquine of 0·25 mg/kg). Random assignment was done by an independent statistician in blocks of eight by use of sealed envelopes. All randomly assigned and eligible patients were included in the primary and safety analyses. The per-protocol analysis excluded those who did not complete treatment or had substantial protocol violations. The primary endpoint was the incidence risk of P vivax parasitaemia on day 63. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03916003. Findings Between Aug 18, 2019, and March 14, 2022, a total of 500 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned, and 495 eligible patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis (246 intervention and 249 control). The incidence risk of P vivax parasitaemia at day 63 was 11·0% (95% CI 7·5–15·9) in the standard care arm compared with 2·5% (1·0–5·9) in the intervention arm (hazard ratio 0·20, 95% CI 0·08–0·51; p=0·0009). The effect size differed with blood schizontocidal treatment and site. Routine symptom reporting on day 2 and day 7 were similar between groups. In the first 42 days, there were a total of four primaquine-related adverse events reported in the standard care arm and 26 in the intervention arm; 132 (92%) of all 143 adverse events were mild. There were two serious adverse events in the intervention arm, which were considered unrelated to the study drug. None of the patients developed severe anaemia (defined as haemoglobin <5 g/dL). Interpretation In patients with a G6PD activity of 70% or greater, high-dose short-course primaquine was safe and relatively well tolerated and reduced the risk of subsequent P vivax parasitaemia within 63 days by five fold. Universal radical cure therefore potentially offers substantial clinical, public health, and operational benefits, but these benefits will vary with endemic setting. Funding Australian Academy of Science Regional Collaborations Program, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and National Health and Medical Research Council

Bandwidth measurements and capacity exploitation in Gigabit Passive Optical Networks

We report an experimental investigation on the measurement of the available bandwidth for users in Gigabit Passive Optical Networks (GPON) and the limitations caused by the Internet protocols. We point out that the huge capacity offered by the GPON highlights the enormous differences that can be showed among the available and actually exploitable bandwidth in the case of TCP. In this ultrabroadband environment we also investigated on use of the UDP and of the multisession TCP. A correlation in terms of QoE is also reported. © 2014 AEIT

Disseminating clinical study results to trial participants in Ethiopia: insights and lessons learned

International regulatory authorities and funders require that research be disseminated promptly and appropriately to all involved stakeholders. However, following completion of clinical trials participants often either do not receive any feedback or materials provided are not appropriate for the context. The investigators of a multicentre anti-malarial clinical trial (the IMPROV study) conducted a dissemination meeting at one of the study sites in Ethiopia; trial participants and medical staff were provided feedback on the study results. This report summarizes the dissemination strategies adopted by the investigators, including a plain language visual aid and simple communication techniques. Lessons learned are reported with a discussion on the operational challenges to dissemination of clinical trials in resource limited settings

A study on QT interval in patients affected with inflammatory bowel disease without cardiac involvement.

Cardiac involvement has been studied quite extensively in patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease but, as of now, there is no data regarding QT alterations which are well known to be linked to the risk of dangerous arrhythmias. In this study, QT parameters were digitally measured on standard 12-lead ECG in a population of 20 patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with no prior (recent or old) history of cardiac disease and no evidence of electrolyte imbalance. Eighteen healthy subjects formed the control group. The results obtained using non-parametric statistics (Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test) showed that heart rate corrected QT interval (QTc) and QTc dispersion (QTc d) values were both significantly higher in IBD patients than in the control group. QTc rank sum values in patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease were 469 versus 311 in healthy subjects (Z = 1.939, p = 0.0263). QTc d rank sum values were 460 in IBD patients versus 320 in controls (Z = 1.686 with p = 0.0459). Regardless of the cause of these QT alterations, it appears evident that accurate monitoring of QT parameters is required in these patients who often experience electrolyte disturbances and who may, in some cases, be undergoing treatment with potentially cardiotoxic drugs such as infliximab

Quality of Service monitoring adopting correlation among active and passive measurements: The experience from the FP7 mPlane project

In this work we report the final results of the field demonstration of the European FP7 mPlane project concerning the evaluation of the network performance with particular details regarding the access Quality of Service and traffic monitoring. We show how the proposed and experimented architecture of this measurement plane is fundamental for many future internet evolutions concerning user perception, content popularity web quality and network management. Here we point out the results dedicated to service level agreement verification and certification with analysis of the correlation between passive and active measurements in order to understand some causes concerning network and service anomalies