Fatores de manejo para altas produtividades de mandioca de indústria no Mato Grosso do Sul.

A população mundial deverá crescer em 2 bilhões de pessoas nos próximos 27 anos, aumentando o consumo de alimentos em 50 a 70% (BRUINSMA, 2009). Assim, a necessidade de produzir alimentos que requerem menos insumos químicos é maior nesse cenário. A mandioca foi nomeada a ?Cultura do Século XXI? devido à sua importância como fonte de energia em países em desenvolvimento na América do Sul, África e Ásia (FAO, 2013). A mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) tem importância significativa no cenário mundial, onde ocupa uma área de 26 milhões de hectares e uma produção média de 292 milhões de toneladas, sendo que desse total 60,9% é produzido na África, 29,4% na Ásia, 9,6% nas Américas e 0,1% na Oceania (FAO, 2019). O maior produtor mundial de mandioca é a Nigéria, que produz anualmente 58 milhões de toneladas, seguido pela República do Congo 40 milhões de toneladas, em terceiro lugar a Tailândia 30 milhões de toneladas, quarta posição Gana com 21 milhões de toneladas. O Brasil ocupa a quinta posição, produzindo anualmente 18 milhões de toneladas de raízes de mandioca em 1,36 milhões de hectares (FAO 2021). No Brasil, o Pará o maior produtor, com mais de 3,8 milhões de toneladas de raízes de mandioca produzidas anualmente, seguido pelo Paraná 3,7 milhões de toneladas e o estado do Amazonas 1,3 milhões de toneladas. O Mato Grosso do Sul é o nono maior produtor de mandioca do Brasil, com uma produção média nas últimas cinco safras 2017/2021 de 825 mil toneladas, em uma área média de plantio de 35.488 ha#Agenda2030; #Desenvolvimento_sustentável; #ODS; #ODS_Embrapa; #Sustentabilidade

The terrestrial Gastropoda Megalobulimus abbreviatus as a useful model for nociceptive experiments: effects of morphine and naloxone on thermal avoidance behavior

We describe the behavior of the snail Megalobulimus abbreviatus upon receiving thermal stimuli and the effects of pretreatment with morphine and naloxone on behavior after a thermal stimulus, in order to establish a useful model for nociceptive experiments. Snails submitted to non-functional (22ºC) and non-thermal hot-plate stress (30ºC) only displayed exploratory behavior. However, the animals submitted to a thermal stimulus (50ºC) displayed biphasic avoidance behavior. Latency was measured from the time the animal was placed on the hot plate to the time when the animal lifted the head-foot complex 1 cm from the substrate, indicating aversive thermal behavior. Other animals were pretreated with morphine (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) or naloxone (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 mg/kg) 15 min prior to receiving a thermal stimulus (50ºC; N = 9 in each group). The results (means ± SD) showed an extremely significant difference in response latency between the group treated with 20 mg/kg morphine (63.18 ± 14.47 s) and the other experimental groups (P < 0.001). With 2.5 mg/kg (16.26 ± 3.19 s), 5.0 mg/kg (11.53 ± 1.64 s) and 7.5 mg/kg naloxone (7.38 ± 1.6 s), there was a significant, not dose-dependent decrease in latency compared to the control (33.44 ± 8.53 s) and saline groups (29.1 ± 9.91 s). No statistically significant difference was found between the naloxone-treated groups. With naloxone plus morphine, there was a significant decrease in latency when compared to all other groups (minimum 64% in the saline group and maximum 83.2% decrease in the morphine group). These results provide evidence of the involvement of endogenous opioid peptides in the control of thermal withdrawal behavior in this snail, and reveal a stereotyped and reproducible avoidance behavior for this snail species, which could be studied in other pharmacological and neurophysiological studies

Research connects soil hydrology and stream water chemistry in California oak woodlands

The UC Sierra Foothill Research and Extension Center (SFREC) is located in the heart of typical California blue oak and live oak woodlands within metavolcanic terrain of the Sierra Nevada foothills. These types of woodlands often exist at the interface between urban, wild and agricultural lands and are used extensively for livestock grazing, wildlife habitat and surface water supply. Soil surveys for this region and within SFREC depict relatively few soil types compared to areas that support more-intensive agricultural land uses. Despite this inferred homogeneity, our study showed that the biogeochemical and physical properties of soils vary sharply over short distances of less than 10 feet and also experience changes by season and as a result of storm events. An understanding of soil variability in this setting is important to assess rangeland productivity, perennial grass and oak restoration potential, carbon sequestration, stream flow generation and stream water chemistry

Research connects soil hydrology and stream water chemistry in California oak woodlands

The UC Sierra Foothill Research and Extension Center (SFREC) is located in the heart of typical California blue oak and live oak woodlands within metavolcanic terrain of the Sierra Nevada foothills. These types of woodlands often exist at the interface between urban, wild and agricultural lands and are used extensively for livestock grazing, wildlife habitat and surface water supply. Soil surveys for this region and within SFREC depict relatively few soil types compared to areas that support more-intensive agricultural land uses. Despite this inferred homogeneity, our study showed that the biogeochemical and physical properties of soils vary sharply over short distances of less than 10 feet and also experience changes by season and as a result of storm events. An understanding of soil variability in this setting is important to assess rangeland productivity, perennial grass and oak restoration potential, carbon sequestration, stream flow generation and stream water chemistry