The effect of receptor site nonuniformity on the measurement of rate constants

AbstractThe BIAcore is an instrument for measuring rate constants in real time by using a surface–volume geometry. Though current models for the resulting reaction include transport effects for the reactant in solution, they do not account for spatial nonuniformities in the reactant attached to the wall. This work accounts for such nonuniformities and establishes that in the limit of small Damköhler number, such effects are negligible due to the averaging characteristics of the instrumentation

Multispectral Deep Neural Network Fusion Method for Low-Light Object Detection

Despite significant strides in achieving vehicle autonomy, robust perception under low-light conditions still remains a persistent challenge. In this study, we investigate the potential of multispectral imaging, thereby leveraging deep learning models to enhance object detection performance in the context of nighttime driving. Features encoded from the red, green, and blue (RGB) visual spectrum and thermal infrared images are combined to implement a multispectral object detection model. This has proven to be more effective compared to using visual channels only, as thermal images provide complementary information when discriminating objects in low-illumination conditions. Additionally, there is a lack of studies on effectively fusing these two modalities for optimal object detection performance. In this work, we present a framework based on the Faster R-CNN architecture with a feature pyramid network. Moreover, we design various fusion approaches using concatenation and addition operators at varying stages of the network to analyze their impact on object detection performance. Our experimental results on the KAIST and FLIR datasets show that our framework outperforms the baseline experiments of the unimodal input source and the existing multispectral object detectors

A study of neodymium – Yag laser iridotomy in primary angle closure glaucoma

INTRODUCTION: Acute angle closure glaucoma has always been a threatening and dangerous disease and one of the leading cause of blindness in Human society. Nearly all cases of blindness from glaucoma is preventable if disease is detected early and proper treatment is implemented. In 1956 Gerd Meyer Schwickerath demonstrated the feasibility of creating an Iridectomy with Xenon light energy. The LASER , a technologic improvement over Xenon light source has allowed iridectomies to be performed more safely than by standard methods because of many reasons as eye need not be opened, procedure requires only topical anaesthesia, procedure is less expensive and requires only shorter post operative recovery. Nd-YAG laser iridotomy has become the currently preferred method for relieving the pupillary block. This study will attempt to look at the efficacy of Nd-YAG laser in creating iridotomy in cases of primary angle closure glaucoma. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study is intended to evaluate the efficacy of Nd-YAG laser iridotomy in acute angle closure glaucoma with a follow up of 12 weeks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study includes two sets of patents. First group consists of 42 eyes of 42 patients diagnosed as primary angle closure glaucoma, second one 40 eyes of 40 patients in which the other eye had history of PACG. Both group were treated with Neodymium-YAG laser iridotomies at the Department of Ophthalmology, Govt. Rajaji Hospital, Madurai between the period from April 2007 to August 2008. Selection criteria: 1) The patients who presented with acute angle closure glaucoma in one eye. 2) The patients who had acute angle closure glaucoma in one eye and were subjected to laser iridotomy as a preventive measure for the fellow eye. CONCLUSIONS: From the study we can conclude that primary angle closure glaucoma, is an uncommon disease of the sixth decade,. It must be diagnosed and managed quickly and effectively to prevent visual loss. Once an acute attack has been controlled with anti glaucoma medication, a Nd YAG laser iridotomy is indicated and it can be safely and successfully done to prevent the attack from recurring. It has also been found to be of much safety and efficacy in the fellow eyes of patients in whom one eye suffered an attack or gives a past history suggestive of it. Nd YAG laser iridotomy is indicated in the prodromal stage, stage of constant instability and acute congestive stage. A laser setting of multiple bursts with low total energy has been found to be more effective than burst with high total energy. Transient elevation in IOP, micro haemorrhage, pigment dispersion, corneal odema and delayed opacification were seen as the most frequent complications. The transient elevation in IOP was seen for a period of 1-3 hours, the peak of which was seen in 1 hour and it could be controlled with topical B- blocker agent alone or in combination with acetazolamide. The bleeding was from the iris vessels and was in the form of micro haemorrhage. No case of hyphema was seen. Corneal oedema which occurred in very few cases in the immediate post laser period was self limiting and fully resolved in all cases within a period of 1 week. The other complication of Nd YAG laser iridotomy reported by previous studies like lens opacification, subluxation, aqueous misdirection syndrome were not reported in this study. All the patients treated showed considerable reduction in IOP increase in the angle of the anterior chamber and significant improvement in visual acuity. Anti-glaucoma medications could be stopped as soon as the IOP started lowering following a functioning laser iridotomy and all the patients were well stabilized at the end of the follow up. Prophylactic iridotomy in the other eyes efficiently prevented an attack of angle closure glaucoma. It follows that Nd YAG laser iridotomy is particularly beneficial to reduce the IOP in primary angle closure glaucoma and is a very efficient measure in preventing an attack of angle glaucoma in predisposed eyes

Loss-Induced Limits to Phase Measurement Precision with Maximally Entangled States

The presence of loss limits the precision of an approach to phase measurement using maximally entangled states, also referred to as NOON states. A calculation using a simple beam-splitter model of loss shows that, for all nonzero values L of the loss, phase measurement precision degrades with increasing number N of entangled photons for N sufficiently large. For L above a critical value of approximately 0.785, phase measurement precision degrades with increasing N for all values of N. For L near zero, phase measurement precision improves with increasing N down to a limiting precision of approximately 1.018 L radians, attained at N approximately equal to 2.218/L, and degrades as N increases beyond this value. Phase measurement precision with multiple measurements and a fixed total number of photons N_T is also examined. For L above a critical value of approximately 0.586, the ratio of phase measurement precision attainable with NOON states to that attainable by conventional methods using unentangled coherent states degrades with increasing N, the number of entangled photons employed in a single measurement, for all values of N. For L near zero this ratio is optimized by using approximately N=1.279/L entangled photons in each measurement, yielding a precision of approximately 1.340 sqrt(L/N_T) radians.Comment: Additional references include

Performance Analysis of FinFET Based Inverter circuit, NAND and NOR Gate at 22nm and 14nm Node technologies.

The size of integrated devices such as PC, mobiles etc are reducing day by day with multiple operations, all of these is happening because of the scaling down the size of MOSFETs which is the main component in memory, processors and so on. As we scale down the MOSFETs to the nanometer regime the short channel effects arises which degrades the system performance and reliability. Here in this paper we describe the alternative MOSFET called FinFET which reduces the short channel effects and its performance analysis of digital applications such as inverter circuit, nand and nor gates at 22nm and 14nm node technologies. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15050