Parapentaneura

Parapentaneura sp. (Figs 11 –12, 16) Material: 1 female imago with pupal and larval exuviae (reared), Brazil, Mato Grosso, Bento Gomes River near Poconé, among Salvinia roots, 30.i. 1997, M. A. Serrano, (ZSM). PUPA. Small, brownish. Thoracic horn (Fig. 11) flattened; sparsely covered with week spinules, ventral points as in Figure 12; horn atrium with alveolar area reduced, central duct distinct, plastron plate with distinct neck; corona present, more than half the length of horn; plastron plate about half the length of corona. Thoracic comb with 10 (n = 1) rounded teeth, longest tooth about 3 times longer than broad. Abdomen similar to P. bentogomensis. Anal lobe of female about 1.3 (n = 1) times longer than broad (Fig. 16). LARVA. Similar to P. bentogomensis except for: Head capsule small, pale brown. AR about 2.7. Basal segment of maxillary palp about 3 times longer than wide; paraligula bifid; pecten hypopharyngis with 7 teeth.Published as part of Stur, Elisabeth, Fittkau, Ernst Josef, Da, Mirian A. & Serrano, Silva, 2006, Parapentaneura bentogomensis gen. n., sp. n., a new Tanypodinae (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Brazil, pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 1384 on page 66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17505

Parapentaneura Stur, Fittkau, Da & Serrano, 2006, gen. n.

Parapentaneura, gen. n. Type species: Parapentaneura bentogomensis sp. n. Etymology: The name indicates the morphological resemblance to the genus Pentaneura. Generic diagnosis. The new genus can be separated from other genera of the tribe Pentaneurini by the following combination of characters: Male imago with lyrate tibial spurs; R 2 branch absent; R 2 +R 3 connecting with costa; anal point simple; scutal tubercle absent; comb of hind tibia distinct, with 5-6 setae; hind tibia with single spur. Pupa with alveolar horn sac; 3 LS-setae on tergite VII; proximal anal macrosetae dorsal; genital sac short, less than half the length of anal lobe. Larva with dark supraanal setae, longer and stronger than anal setae, mounted on small tubercles; arrangement of dorsal and ventral cephalic setae: S 5, DP and S 8 in row, slightly posteriorly directed; S 7 anterolateral to S 8; S 9 anterior to VP; S 10 posterior to VP (as in Fig. 23); paraligula bi- or trifid. MALE. Small species, wing length 1.1–1.3 mm. Antenna with 13 flagellomeres, apical flagellomere indistinctly offset, AR 1.2–1.3. Eyes with dorsomedian extension; temporals uniserial. Antepronotal lobes separated medially; scutal tubercle absent; lateral antepronotal, anepisternal, preepisternal and postnotal setae absent. Wing unmarked; membrane evenly covered with pale macrotrichia; costa produced beyond R 4 + 5, ending between M 1 + 2 and M 3 + 4; R 2 + 3 reaching costa; R 2 branch absent; anal lobe well developed. Hind tibia with single spur, and comb of 5–6 setae; all tibial spurs lyrate, with 3–4 teeth; pulvilli absent. Tergite IX with strong posterior setae. Gonocoxite robust, 1.5 times longer than wide, inner margin slightly concave; dorsal surface with longer marginal setae and field of short bristles medially. Inferior volsella absent. Gonostylus simple, short, about half the length of gonocoxite. PUPA. Small, 2.5 –3.0 mm long; brownish. Thoracic horn flattened, elongate, 3 times longer than maximum distal width; horn atrium with central duct, connected to large plastron plate by narrow neck; corona present, more than half the length of horn; thoracic comb well developed, consisting of rounded tubercles, longest tubercle more than 2 times longer than broad; additional small rounded projections near base of horn; anterior medial surface of thorax wrinkled. Scar on tergite I elongate, pigmented; tergites with short spinules partially serially arranged in groups of 2 and 3; abdominal D setae all filamentous, robust, apically round; segment VII with 3 LS seta, shorter than length of segment; segment VIII with 5 LS setae. Anal lobe about 2 times longer than wide; outer margin sclerotized, with spinules beyond distal macroseta; remaining part hyaline, with shagreen basally; anal macrosetae with adhesive sheaths, proximal macrosetae dorsal; male genital sac about one-third of anal lobe length. LARVA. Antenna 4 segmented; ring organ near middle of basal segment. Ring organ in distal half of basal maxillary palp segment; mandible slender, basal tooth distinct; ligula with 5 subequal teeth, row of teeth straight to slightly convex, inner teeth with apices turned outwards; paraligula bi- or trifid, third tooth on inner side varying in size; pecten hypopharyngis with 6–11 teeth; S 5, DP and S 8 in row, slightly posteriorly directed; S 7 anterolateral to S 8; S 9 anterior to VP; S 10 posterior to VP (as in Fig. 23). Anal tubules slender, longer than parapods; supraanal setae on small tubercles, stronger and longer than anal setae; claws of posterior parapods simple.Published as part of Stur, Elisabeth, Fittkau, Ernst Josef, Da, Mirian A. & Serrano, Silva, 2006, Parapentaneura bentogomensis gen. n., sp. n., a new Tanypodinae (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Brazil, pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 1384 on pages 60-61, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17505

Parapentaneura bentogomensis Stur, Fittkau, Da & Serrano, 2006, gen. n.

Parapentaneura bentogomensis, gen. n., sp. n. (Figs 1 –10, 13–15, 17– 23) Type material: Holotype male, slide mounted in Euparal. Brazil, Mato Grosso, Bento Gomes River near Poconé, on Eichhornia sp., 28.viii. 1994, M.A. Serrano (ZSM). Paratypes: 1 larva as holotype; 2 adult males with pupal exuviae (reared), 1 pharate male, 1 adult female (damaged) with associated pupa, 1 larval and pupal exuviae (reared but imago lost), Brazil, Mato Grosso, Bento Gomes river near Poconé, among Salvinia roots, 14.x. 1993, M.A. Serrano; 1 male imago (damaged) with associated pupa, Brazil, Mato Grosso, Bento Gomes river near Poconé, among Salvinia roots, viii. 1993, M.A. Serrano; 1 larva (prepupa), Brazil, Mato Grosso, Bento Gomes river near Fazenda Periquito, among floating leaf litter, 15 ° 54 ’S, 56 ° 33 ’W, 11.v. 1993, E. Stur. Etymology. Named after the type locality, the Bento Gomes River. Diagnosis. Male imago as given in generic diagnosis. Pupa with alveolar horn atrium filling most of lumen, thoracic comb consisting of 6–8 rounded tubercles. Anal lobe 1.6 (female) or 1.8 (male) times longer than broad. Larval paraligula with 3 teeth, pecten hypopharyngis with 10–11 teeth, AR about 4. MALE. Head pale brown. Eyes with dorsal extension; temporals uniserial, orbitals 3, inner verticals 1, outer verticals 3, postorbitals apparently 1. AR 1.2–1.3; pedicel with 3 setae; antenna with 13 flagellomeres, apical flagellomere indistinctly offset (Fig. 8), about 2 times longer than basal width. Thorax brownish. Antepronotal lobes separated medially; humerals 1; dorsocentrals 9–12, uniserial; supraalars 1; prealars 3–5; acrostichals 18–23; lateral antepronotal, anepisternal, preepisternal and postnotal setae absent; scutal tubercle absent. Wing (Fig. 1) 1.1–1.3 mm long; membrane evenly covered with pale macrotrichia; costa produced beyond R 4 + 5, ending about midway between M 1 + 2 and M 3 + 4; R 2 + 3 present; R 2 branch absent; R 2 + 3 reaching costa; anal lobe well developed. Legs (Figs 4–6) pale brown. Fore tibia without comb, hind tibia with comb of 5–6 setae; tibial spurs lyrate, with 3–4 teeth; hind tibia with single spur; pulvilli absent; claws pointed (Fig. 7). Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 1. Abdomen brownish; Tergite IX with posterior row of 4–5 strong setae. Hypopygium (Fig. 2) with anal point broadly triangular; gonocoxite robust, 1.5 times longer than broad, with slightly concave inner margin; dorsal surface with longer marginal setae and anteromedian short bristles; inferior volsella absent; gonostylus (Fig. 3) simple, elongate, with swollen base, about half the length of gonocoxite. PUPA. Small, total length 2.5 –3.0 mm, brownish. Thoracic horn (Fig. 10) flattened, apically rounded, 3 times longer than maximum apical width; with week spinules; horn atrium with alveolar area filling most of lumen, connected to branched central duct distally joined to enlarged plastron plate; corona present, more than half the length of horn; plastron plate about 0.6 times the length of corona. Thoracic comb with 6–8 (n = 6) well developed rounded teeth, longest tooth more than 2 times longer than broad; thoracic seta Dc 1 and Dc 2 taeniate, Dc 3 broken (Fig. 9). Abdomen (Fig. 15): Scar on tergite I elongate, pigmented; tergites with short, blunt spinules, partially serially arranged in groups of 2 and 3; abdominal D setae all filamentous, robust, apically round; remaining D and V setae of varying sizes; segments I–VI with 2 L setae; segment VII with 1 L setae, and 3 LS setae, shorter than length of segment; segment VIII with 5 LS setae. Anal lobe of female (Fig. 13) about 1.6 (n = 2) times, of male (Fig. 14) about 1.8 (n = 4) times longer than broad; outer margin sclerotized, with spinules beyond distal macroseta; inner margin smooth; anal lobe medially membranous; anal macrosetae with adhesive sheaths, apical macrosetae dorsal; male genital sac reaching onethird of anal lobe length (Fig. 13). LARVA. Small, 3.6–4.6 mm, greenish when alive, pale when preserved in alcohol. Head capsule (Fig. 23) pale brown, in forth instar larvae about 600 µm long (n = 2). Antenna (Fig. 17) 4 segmented, 4 times longer than mandible, basal segment 13 times longer than basal width, ring organ at apical half, AR about 4.0. Mandible slender (Fig. 18), basal tooth distinct; basal segment of maxillary palp (Fig. 20) about 4 times longer than wide, ring organ in distal one-third. Dorsomentum (Fig. 22) with 3 teeth on each side, lateral margin weekly notched. Ligula (Fig. 19) with 5 subequal teeth; row of teeth straight to slightly convex, inner teeth with apices turned outwards; paraligula trifid; pecten hypopharyngis with 10–11 teeth. Anal tubules slender, longer than posterior parapodes, supraanal setae dark, situated on small humps, stronger and longer than anal setae (Fig. 21); claws of posterior parapods simple.Published as part of Stur, Elisabeth, Fittkau, Ernst Josef, Da, Mirian A. & Serrano, Silva, 2006, Parapentaneura bentogomensis gen. n., sp. n., a new Tanypodinae (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Brazil, pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 1384 on pages 61-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17505

Fraktionierte teletherapie mit 25,2 Gy bei subfovealer altersabhangiger makuladegeneration

No beneficial effect was obtained on neither functional nor on morphological results in patients with age-related macular degeneration after radiation treatment with 14.4 Gy in our previous study. In the present prospective study 40 patients - 8 males and 32 females - with a mean age of 75 years and exudative AMD with involvement of the fovea were radiated with a dosage of 25.2 Gy. Visual acuity, visual fields, fluorescein (FA) and indocyaningreen angiography (ICGA) were investigated prior to treatment and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after treatment. Radiation was administered to the posterior pole with a 8 MV-photon beam from a linear accelerator A dose of 25.5 Gy, 1.8 Gy per day, 5 fractions per week was delivered through a single lateral port. Five patients had classic, well-defined CNV, 35 had occult lesions. After the follow-up period (6 months all patients, 9 months 21, 12 months 12 patients) the visual acuity improved in 1 patient, was stable in 13 and deteriorated three or more lines in 26 patients. A stabilisation or regression of the neovascular complex was not observed in any of the patients. Although the follow-up period of this study is to short to make a final conclusion, the functional results are no different compared to those of our previous study with 14.4 Gy.</p