Individual-psychological factors and perception of social support in burnout syndrome

Background/Aim. Burnout syndrome is a psychological phenomenon that occurs as a response to chronic interpersonal stressors at work. It is manifested by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and a sense of reduced personal accomplishment. The aim of the study was to examine the correlation between burnout syndrome, individual-psychological factors and social support among special and regular education teachers, as well as to determine differences of burnout syndrome dimensions between groups of teachers with different educational backgrounds. Methods. This non-experimental, cross-sectional correlation study included 317 teachers (122 special education teachers and 38 other teachers in special education for children with intellectual disabilities and 157 teachers from regular primary schools) from Belgrade. Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Assertiveness Assessment Questionnaire Scale (A-Scale), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSS), Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES), and Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS) were used in the study. Results. The highest prevalence of high levels of burnout were recorded on the emotional exhaustion subscale and were 38% for special education teachers, 47% for other teachers in specia

Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha) and chemokines (IL-8 and MIP-1 alpha as markers of pen-implant tissue condition

Analysis of pen-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) offers a non-invasive means of studying the host response in pen-implant disease and may provide an early indication of patients at risk for active disease. This study examined the PICF levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) in patients with non-manifesting inflammation, early and late stages of mucositis. The study group comprised 90 adult healthy volunteers with endosseal titanium implants inserted. Samples were taken from pen-implant sulcus using a filter paper technique. Implant tissues were categorized clinically as healthy, early mucositis or advanced mucositis. Clinical manifestations were determined by: gingival index and bleeding on probing, plaque index and radiographic analyses. Cytokine concentrations were assesed using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Patients from the control group (healthy patients) have significantly lower concentrations of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-8 and MIP-1 alpha in PICF compared with both groups with mucositis. Positive correlation was noted in the control group between IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha and between MIP-1 alpha and IL-8 in the group with early mucositis. The results suggest that cytokines could be prognostic markers of implant failure