Tight gas accumulations in Rotliegend sandstones of Poland

The paper presents the first unconventional tight gas field discovered in tight low permeability (K > 0.1 mD) eolian sandstones in the Polish Upper Rotliegend Basin. The tight gas field has been found in area east of Poznań (Siekierki zone). In that area, reservoir eolian sandstones lost almost all permeability and partly porosity due to compaction and illitization processes. The origin of the gas trap was analyzed in many variants, from which one was selected as the most probable. It is assumed that main source for illite crystallization were Zechstein hypersaline brines rich in Ca, Na, K and SO4, which infiltrated the Rotliegend sandstones on tectonically uplifted block. The gas generation and migration were taking place at the same time as processes responsible for decrease in sandstone permeability have been ceasing. As a result, tight gas field from the Siekierki zone can be defined as an unconventional gas field occurring in conventional structural trap. It is expected that tight gas fields could also originate in deeper parts of the Polish Rotliegend Basin but under conditions of BCGS (Basin-Centered Gas System). Gas fields originating under this system are without classic seal and its capacity can be significantly bigger than those of conventional gas fields. The type of organic matter occurring in mature Carboniferous rocks was determining composition of gas formed at gas generation phase. It also affected the chemical content of infiltrating fluids and, in this way, had significant influence on the course of diagenetic processes. In the fault zones, diagenetic cements formed impermeable barriers which separate conventional and unconventional gas fields, as well as barriers separating individual parts of these fields. Such compartmentalization was surely important for origin of the tight gas reservoirs in the Polish Upper Rotliegend Basin

Wpływ zmysłu wzroku na poczucie równowagi ogólnej = The influence of the sense of sight for a sense of general balance

Kowalik T., Srokowska A., Lewandowski A., Piekorz Z., Zukow W. Wpływ zmysłu wzroku na poczucie równowagi ogólnej = The influence of the sense of sight for a sense of general balance. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(11):720-726. eISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.44343 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%2811%29%3A720-726 http://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/688201 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive   The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport (null) 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.11.2015. Revised 20.11.2015. Accepted: 30.11.2015.   Wpływ zmysłu wzroku na poczucie równowagi ogólnej The influence of the sense of sight for a sense of general balance   Kowalik T.1, Srokowska A.1, Lewandowski A.1, Piekorz Z.2, Zukow W3   • Katedra i Zakład Podstaw Kultury Fizycznej, Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu • Katedra Fizjoterapii, Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu • Wydział Kultury Fizycznej, Zdrowia i Turystyki, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy     Abstrakt             Celem pracy jest zbadanie wpływu zmysłu wzroku na poczucie równowagi ogólnej. Badanie przeprowadzono za pomocą próby równowagi ogólnej testem Eurofit.             Zbadano 81 kobiet oraz 30 mężczyzn – studentów kierunku fizjoterapii.             Badania wykazały bardzo duże różnice między testem o oczach otwartych a testem o oczach zamkniętych, co w pełni potwierdza zależność zmysłu równowagi od zmysłu wzroku.   Abstract             The aim of the study is to examine the impact of the sense of sight for a sense of general balance.                 The survey was conducted using the Eurofit test. It was examined 81 women and 30 men - students of physiotherapy.                 Studies have shown very large differences between the test with eyes open and eyes closed on the test, which fully confirms the dependence of sense of balance of the sense of sight.   Słowa kluczowe: niewidomi, zmysł równowagi, studenci, Eurofit.   Key words: blind, sense of balance, students, Eurofit

Objective assessment of lower limbs explosive strength performed on the participants of the Polish Nationwide Special Olympics Football Tournament in the scope of both legs jump on the dynamographic platform

Introduction. Explosive strength is a motor ability defined as an ability to develop a maximum strength in the shortest time. It is an essential feature of many sportspeople, including football players. To assess this strength for lower limbs, the following tests are implemented: CMJ and DJ tests, defined determinants of McClymont reactive strength or K indicator according to Bartonietz. It is also possible to objectively assess the jump research with the use of a dynamographic platform. 12 Aim of the study. The aim of the research was to determine explosive strength of lower limbs with the use of GAMMA dynamographic platform. Material and method. The participants of the Polish Nationwide Special Olympics Football Tournament were examined with the use of the GAMMA dynamographic platform. 57 people aged 20-30 were researched (44 boys, 13 girls). On the basis of the results, lower limbs explosive strength was determined. Results. The research depicted a wide range of the lower limbs explosive strength values of the Football Special Olympics participants. This also suggests significant differences of motor abilities of particular participants taking part in the tournament. Conclusions. Results concerning the dynamographic platforms usefulness in assessing sportspeople motor abilities as well as explosive strength of young active participants of the Special Olympics were formed