Standardization of in vitro digestibility and DIAAS method based on the static INFOGEST protocol

Background: The FAO recommends the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) as the measure for protein quality, for which the true ileal digestibility needs to be assessed in humans or pigs. However, due to high costs and ethical concerns, the FAO strongly encourages as well the development of validated in vitro methods, which complement the in vivo experiments. Method: Recently, an in vitro workflow, based on the validated static INFOGEST protocol, was developed and compared towards in vivo data. In parallel to the validation with in vivo data, the repeatability and reproducibility of the in vitro protocol were tested in an international ring trial (RT) with the aim to establish an international ISO standard method within the International Dairy Federation (IDF). Five different dairy products (skim milk powder, whole milk powder, whey protein isolate, yoghurt, and cheese) were analyzed in 32 different laboratories from 18 different countries, across 4 continents. Results: in vitro protein digestibilities based on Nitrogen, free R-NH2, and total amino acids as well as DIAAS values were calculated and compared to in vivo data, where available. Conclusion: The in vitro method is suited for quantification of digestibility and will be further implemented to other food matricesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Transannular [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Cobalt-Complexed Macrocyclic Dienynes.

The first transannular [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of macrocyclic dicobalt hexacarbonyl-dienyne complexes were demonstrated. Complexes were conveniently prepared through palladium(II)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative cyclization of bis(vinylboronate esters) followed by complexation with dicobalt octacarbonyl. Transannular [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of the complexes occurred at lower temperatures and shorter times than transannular Diels-Alder reactions of metal-free dienynes. Intermolecular control reactions confirmed the effect of cobalt complexation on [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of unactivated alkynes and dienes

Asymptotic formulae for the Schrodinger operator with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions

In this paper, we consider the Schrodinger operators defined by the differential expression Lu = -Delta u+q(x)u in d-dimensional parallelepiped F, with the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions, and obtain the asymptotic formulae for the eigenvalues of these operators

Differential Pulse Polarographic Determination of Proquazone

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An easy-to-use, rapid and inexpensive method to determine methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

Objective: We aimed to report a new turbidimetric method to identify methicillin resistance in S. aureus strains just two hours after identification of the microorganism, and to analyze diagnostic and discrimination abilities of this new method.Methods: A total of 319 S. aureus isolates were included. Identification of bacteria was done by the colony morphology, and conventional biochemical methods. The methicillin resistance of the S. aureus strains was studied as indicated in Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute 2009. The turbidimetric method we developed is based on different growth rates of S. aureus in two media, with or without oxacillin. The growth rates of MRSA and MSSA are similar in normal media, however the MRSA grows significantly faster in the media containing oxacillin. Therefore, after 2 hours of incubation, the difference of turbidity produced by bacteria is less in MRSA, and more in MSSA. The absorbance of the microplates were measured before incubation, and at 2nd and 3rd hours of incubation. The “absorbance rate” was calculated for each bacteria and the bacteria were classified as MRSA or MSSA based on the absorbance rate. Results: All MRSA and MSSA strains were correctly discriminated via our turbidimetric method, when an absorbance rate of 1.900 was taken as cut-off value. The new method could diagnose MRSA with 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity in just two hours. Conclusion: The turbidimetric method is a rapid, easy and cheap method that does not require any specific equipment. It can be easily performed in every microbiology laboratory

Asymptotic formulas for the resonance eigenvalues of the Schrödinger operator

In this paper, we consider the Schrödinger operators defined by the differential expression ... in d-dimensional paralellepiped F, with the Dirichlet and the Neumann boundary conditions, where q(x) is a real valued function of L2(F). We obtain the asymptotic formulas for the resonance eigenvalues of these operators