12 research outputs found
In vitro validation of an automated method based on color doppler imaging for determination of flow volume in the presence of nonflat velocity distributions
Comparison of automated stroke volume evaluation for determination of valve orifice area by the continuity equation with the conventional approach in aortic stenosis
Effects of chromanol 293B on outward currents and action potentials in human atrial myocytes
Effects of chromanol 239b on I Ks and action potentials of guinea pig ventricular myocytes
Reduction of neointimal proliferation after implantation of a beta particle emitting gold Au 198 coated stent
Comparison of induced neurons reveals slower structural and functional maturation in humans than in apes
We generated induced excitatory neurons (iNeurons, iNs) from chimpanzee, bonobo, and human stem cells by expressing the transcription factor neurogenin-2 (NGN2). Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that genes involved in dendrite and synapse development are expressed earlier during iNs maturation in the chimpanzee and bonobo than the human cells. In accordance, during the first 2 weeks of differentiation, chimpanzee and bonobo iNs showed repetitive action potentials and more spontaneous excitatory activity than human iNs, and extended neurites of higher total length. However, the axons of human iNs were slightly longer at 5 weeks of differentiation. The timing of the establishment of neuronal polarity did not differ between the species. Chimpanzee, bonobo, and human neurites eventually reached the same level of structural complexity. Thus, human iNs develop slower than chimpanzee and bonobo iNs, and this difference in timing likely depends on functions downstream of NGN2