Pengembangan Sistem Monitoring Pencemaran Udara Berbasis Protokol ZIGBEE dengan Sensor CO

Pencemaran udara merupakan suatu masalah yang berdampak buruk bagi kehidupan makhluk hidup. Udara yang tercemar akan menimbulkan berbagai macam penyakit, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengamatan tingkat pencemaran udara pada lingkungan masyarakat. Penelitian ini telah mengembangkan sistem monitoring tingkat pencemaran udara menggunakan protokol zigbee dengan mengunakan sensor gas CO (Karbon Monoksida). Penelitian ini menggunakan protocol zigbee sebagai media transmisi tanpa kabel, kemudian menggunakan arduino with socket xbee dan sensor gas MQ-9 sebagai stasiun node. Hasil penelitian ini adalah prototype sistem monitoring tingkat pencemaran udara gas karbon monoksida berbasis protokol zigbee dan telah berhasil mengirimkan hasil pengambilan data pencemaran udara dari client node sensor gas CO ke server raspberry pi

Leptin as a critical regulator of hepatocellular carcinoma development through modulation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Numerous epidemiological studies have documented that obesity is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the biological actions regulated by leptin, the obesity biomarker molecule, and its receptors in HCC and the correlation between leptin and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), a known mediator of cellular immortalization.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We investigated the relationship between leptin, leptin receptors and hTERT mRNA expression in HCC and healthy liver tissue samples. In HepG2 cells, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to study signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and myc/mad/max transcription factors downstream of leptin which could be responsible for hTERT regulation. Flow cytometry was used for evaluation of cell cycle modifications and MMP1, 9 and 13 expression after treatment of HepG2 cells with leptin. Blocking of leptin's expression was achieved using siRNA against leptin and transfection with liposomes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We showed, for the first time, that leptin's expression is highly correlated with hTERT expression levels in HCC liver tissues. We also demonstrated in HepG2 cells that leptin-induced up-regulation of hTERT and TA was mediated through binding of STAT3 and Myc/Max/Mad network proteins on <it>hTERT </it>promoter. We also found that leptin could affect hepatocellular carcinoma progression and invasion through its interaction with cytokines and matrix mettaloproteinases (MMPs) in the tumorigenic microenvironment. Furthermore, we showed that histone modification contributes to leptin's gene regulation in HCC.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We propose that leptin is a key regulator of the malignant properties of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through modulation of hTERT, a critical player of oncogenesis.</p

Human telomerase activity regulation

Telomerase has been recognized as a relevant factor distinguishing cancer cells from normal cells. Thus, it has become a very promising target for anticancer therapy. The cell proliferative potential can be limited by replication end problem, due to telomeres shortening, which is overcome in cancer cells by telomerase activity or by alternative telomeres lengthening (ALT) mechanism. However, this multisubunit enzymatic complex can be regulated at various levels, including expression control but also other factors contributing to the enzyme phosphorylation status, assembling or complex subunits transport. Thus, we show that the telomerase expression targeting cannot be the only possibility to shorten telomeres and induce cell apoptosis. It is important especially since the transcription expression is not always correlated with the enzyme activity which might result in transcription modulation failure or a possibility for the gene therapy to be overcome. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of numerous telomerase regulation mechanisms that take place after telomerase subunits coding genes transcription. Thus we show the possible mechanisms of telomerase activity regulation which might become attractive anticancer therapy targets

Growth Performance, Morphometry, And Carcass Characteristics of Goat Fed with Indigofera (Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.) and Super Napier (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach x Pennisetm Glaucoma L.)

Developing different levels of pasture combinations in goat diets still needs to be well established. Although many farmers have already practiced introducing different kinds of pasture in the goat grazing habits, fewer are into feeding goats with various levels of Indigofera and super Napier grass. The study was conducted to assess the effect of different Indigofera and super Napier combinations on the growth performance, morphometry, and carcass characteristics of goats. The study was carried out using a Completely Randomized Designed (CRD) with six treatments replicated four times, where Treatments 1 and 6 served as a control. Tukey HSD test carried out a multi-comparison of means among different treatments. Feeding goats with 100% Indigofera, 80% Super Napier + 20% Indigofera and 100% super Napier significantly resulted in better growth performance of goats, specifically on the final weight (16.93kg, 16.68 kg, and 16.57 kg, respectively) live weight change (3.16 kg, 2.90 kg and 2.67 kg, respectively). Sixty percent super Napier + 40% Indigofera combination significantly affects the feed intake (1.71 kg), while 70% super Napier + 30% Indigofera and 60% super Napier + 40% Indigofera significantly influence the feed efficiency of goat (0.60 and 0.76, respectively). One hundred percent Indigofera likewise influenced the chest perimeter (57.20cm), loin eye area (11.66 cm2), gastrointestinal contents (2.90 kg), hot carcass weight (6.72 kg), cold carcass weight (6.45%), pluck weight (0.68 kg), the weight of total trimmable fats (0.33 kg), percentage weight of total trimmable fats (2.02%) and 70% super Napier + 30% Indigofera also has a significant effect on the percentage rib cut with a cooler shrink (7.62%) after 60 days of experimentation. These results recommend 80% SN+20% Indigofera, 70% SN + 30% Indigofera, and 60% SN + 40% Indigofera

Growth Performance of Goat Fed with Indigofera (Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.) and Super Napier (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach x Pennisetm Glaucoma L.)

It still needs to be thoroughly determined how to incorporate various pasture mixes at varying amounts in goat diets. Fewer farmers are feeding goats varied concentrations of Indigofera and super Napier grass, although many have already practiced incorporating different pasture types into the goats' regular grazing routines. The study aimed to determine how various Indigofera and Super Napier combinations affected goat growth, morphometry, and carcass parameters. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used to conduct the trial, with six treatments replicated four times, with Treatments 1 and 6 acting as a control. The Tukey HSD test performed multiple means comparisons across several treatments. Goats that were fed with 100% Indigofera, 80% Super Napier + 20% Indigofera, and 100% Super Napier significantly outgrew their size, as seen by their final weights of 16.93 kg, 16.68 kg, and 16.57 kg, respectively (3.16 kg, 2.90 kg and 2.67 kg, respectively). Combinations of 60% super Napier + 40% Indigofera and 70% super Napier + 30% Indigofera have a substantial impact on the amount of feed consumed (1.71 kg), whereas 60% super Napier + 40% Indigofera has a considerable impact on the goat's feed efficiency (0.60 and 0.76, respectively). Following a 60-day experiment, 100% Indigofera also had an impact on the chest circumference (57.20 cm), loin eye area (11.66 cm2), gastrointestinal contents (2.90 kg), hot carcass weight (6.72 kg), cold carcass weight (6.45%), pluck weight (0.68 kg), the weight of total trimmable fats (0.33 kg), and the percentage weight of total trimmable fats (2.02%). Additionally, 70% super Napier + 30% Indigofera, 80% SN+20% Indigofera, 70% SN + 30% Indigofera, and 60% SN + 40% Indigofera are suggested by these data

Morphometry and Carcass Characteristics of Goat Fed with Indigofera (Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.) And Super Napier (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach x Pennisetm Glaucoma L.)

The study aimed to ascertain the effects of various Indigofera and Super Napier combinations on goats' morphometry, carcass, and growth characteristics. The experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD), with six treatments replicated four times. Several treatments were compared using multiple means using the Tukey HSD test. The final weights of the 100% Super Napier-fed goats, 16.93 kg, 16.68 kg, and 16.57 kg, respectively, show that these goats greatly surpassed their size (3.16 kg, 2.90 kg, and 2.67 kg) after a 60-day experiment. 100% Indigofera also affected the chest circumference (57.20 cm), loin eye area (11.66 cm2), hot carcass weight (6.72 kg), pluck weight (0.68kg), and percentage weight of total trimmable fats (2.02 kg). Goats should be fed a diet of 80% Super Napier and 20% Indigofera. Since the study was only carried out for 60 days, it may be done over a longer time. Higher weights in the GIT contents and a larger chest circumference (cm) were also noted

Epigenetic regulation of hTERT promoter in hepatocellular carcinomas

Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide, the molecular pathogenesis of the disease has not been elucidated. Several studies have shown that telomerase activity and hTERT expression are increased in HCCs. In the present study we tried to elucidate hTERT transcriptional and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in HCC. hTERT expression was tested by real-time PCR and DNA methylation status was assessed by MethyLight and DNA bisulfite sequencing analyses in 106 tissues (64 with HCC and 42 without liver disorders) and also in 7 hepato-carcinoma cell lines (HepG2, HepG3B2, C3A, SNU-182, SNU-398, SBU-449 and SNU-475). hTERT expression levels were inversely correlated with DNA methylation levels in HCC and normal tissues (r=-0.859). hTERT expression was found to be regulated by DNA methylation and histone H3-K9 modifications, affecting die ability of c-myc binding in E-box I site in hTERT promoter. Additionally, c-myc siRNA liposomal down-regulation inhibited significantly hTERT expression (p<0.05). Thus, we propose that hTERT is regulated by a combination of epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation and histone modifications) and by the transcription factor c-myc in HCC