A Review and Analysis of the Effects of Colors of Light On the Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Panels

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A Review and Analysis of the Effects of Colors of Light On the Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Panels

Solar energy is quite simple as the energy can be obtained from the sun directly. Solar energy is categorized as one of the best renewable energy since it does not emit carbon dioxide and because of unlimited supports from the sun. In this paper, three main sections of solar technologies like photovoltaic solar panel, concentrating solar power, heating and cooling system which is available present days have been investigated.  In the second part of this research, an experiment has been carried out to evaluate the effects of colors of light on the performance of solar photovoltaic panels. Different colors of light having different wavelength, resulting in different frequency and hence different energy. In general, the solar spectrum influences the performance of the solar panels. The results show that the solar panels are influenced more by the red color of light. This report will start off by detailing the three main solar technologies, followed by the testing on the colors of light with the solar panels

Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of free-living amoeba in the water resources of Arak, Iran

The aim of the present study was to detect free-living amoeba (FLA) in the water resources of Arak, Iran using molecular tools. A total of 154 samples were collected from different water supplies. Molecular analyses, sequencing, and phylogenetic study were conducted to confirm the species and genotypes of FLA. Fisher exact test was used to determine the significance. Of 154 water samples, 19 (12.3%) samples were tested positive for FLA. Three genotypes of Acanthamoeba including T4, subtype D, and T5 were identified among the isolates. The pathogenicity assay showed that the isolate of Acanthamoeba in drinking water was highly pathogenic. Three species of Naegleria, including N. australiensis, N. pagei, and N. gruberi were found among the samples. Six isolates of Vermamoeba were identified as V. vermiformis. Meanwhile, three other species including Vannella sp., Vahlkampfia avara, and Stenamoeba polymorpha were also recovered from the water samples. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the various water resources contaminated with FLA. This is the first study to reveal the presence of S. polymorpha in water sources in Iran. According to the findings of the present study, health officials should be beware of potential public health impacts of FLA in water resources

Disappointment with and Uncertainty about God Predict Heightened COVID-19 Anxiety among Persian Muslims

Religiosity is often associated with positive mental health outcomes. Religiosity may also mitigate COVID-19 concerns. In a sample of 553 Persian-speaking Muslims, we investigated the extent to which specific beliefs about God (Allah) were associated with four negative mental health outcomes: depression, anxiety, stress, and COVID-19 anxiety. Consistent with the results of English-speaking samples, we found that religiosity, belief in God’s benevolence, psychological closeness to God, and positive attitudes toward God were negatively correlated with depression, stress, and anxiety yet uncorrelated with COVID-19 anxiety. Belief in God’s authoritarian attributes was positively correlated with depression, stress, and anxiety yet, again, uncorrelated with COVID-19 anxiety. In contrast, uncertainty about God’s attributes and negative attitudes toward God were positive predictors of COVID-19 anxiety, even after controlling for general religiosity, depression, stress, anxiety, and sex. We conclude that, whereas religiosity and belief in God had very little influence, uncertainty about and disappointment with God were likely associated with greater anxiety about COVID-19

Synthesis of Poly(para-aminostyrene) from 4-Chloromethyl Styrene Homopolymer and Its Styrene Copolymer

4-Chloromethyl styrene homopolymer and its copolymers with styrene were prepared from their corresponding 4-chloromethyl styrene and styrene monomers at 1:0, 1:1, 1:3 and 1:5 mole ratios. These homo- and copolymerswere synthesized by radical polymerization in presence of AIBN as initiator and dry toluene as solvent. Then, chloromethyl groups were converted into azidomethyl groups on the homo- and copolymers by substitution nucleophilic reaction in the presence of sodium azide (NaN3) and dry dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent.Finally, poly(para-amino styrene) homopolymers with different mole ratios of amino group on the polymer chain were prepared by reaction of Schmidt rearrangement in the presence of 3-fluoromethane sulfonic acid from the homopolymer and its corresponding styrene copolymers having all azido methyl groups. Structures of the obtained homopolymers and copolymers were characterized by FTIR,  1H NMR, and 13CNMR spectroscopy. Solubility of the homopolymer and copolymer products wastested in some organic solvents

Investigation of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome in Newborns, after NRP Protocol Changing

Meconium is a thick green-black odorant substance, which is produced in the embryo's gut at the 12th week of gestation, and then stored in the colon throughout the pregnancy. Meconium can lead to pulmonary injury by various mechanisms, which in the presence of respiratory distress and other radiological findings in neonates born with meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF), are defined as meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). Given the frequent need for newborns to be resuscitated at birth, educated people are needed to resuscitate them. In the United States, the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) is a training guideline for newborns. The purpose of the NRP is to provide the cognitive, technical, and behavioral skills needed to resuscitate neonates after delivery.Due to the changes of NRP 6 and 7 guidelines in using PPV, Tracheal intubation and suctioning and using both guidelines in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini and Taleghani hospitals of Ilam, during 2015-2019, we decided to compare these two methods in terms of infant mortality and morbidity over the mentioned years. In this study, we aimed to determine the Meconium Aspiration Syndrome in neonates, born between the years 2015 and 2019, in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini and Taleghani Hospitals of Ilam, before and after the NRP protocol change

Comparison of Marital Satisfaction of Nurse Couples and Those Whose Spouse is not a Nurse and Predicting Factors that Determine their Marital Satisfaction

Context: The nature of the nursing profession is one of the effective factors in the marital satisfaction of nurses. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the level of marital satisfaction in nurse couples in comparison to those whose spouse is not a nurse and predict factors that determine their marital satisfaction. Methods: Following a cross-sectional design, a total of 252 nurses working in educational hospitals in western and northwestern cities of Iran were recruited for this study. Participants were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire: (1) items related to socio-demographic characteristics; and (2) items related to ENRICH Marital Satisfaction (EMS) Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS v 21.0. Results: The mean (SD) age of participants was 32.4 (6.39) years. Marital satisfaction was higher among employed nurse couples, those with rotating shifts, those with a lower number of night-work shifts per month, those with personal housing, and those whose spouse was a nurse. Also, a significant association was found between income level and marital satisfaction (P = 0.002, F = 6.67). Conclusions: According to the findings, nurse couples had higher marital satisfaction in comparison to those whose spouse was not a nurse. Nurses reported their marital satisfaction as moderate. Paying attention to the livelihood conditions of nurses, providing more flexibility, and giving nurses the right to choose to set a monthly work schedule can improve their marital satisfaction. © 2022, Author(s)

Safety and efficacy of cryoballoon ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation in elderly patients

PubMed ID: 30187178Background: Catheter ablation (CA) is an established therapy for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, data about AF ablation using the cryoballoon (CB) in the elderly population are sparse. The aim of this single center retrospective study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CB ablation in patients ? 75 years compared to patients < 75 years. Methods and results: Fifty-five consecutive patients aged ? 75 years (elderly group) were compared with 183 patients aged < 75 years (control group). All patients underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using the second-generation CB. The mean age in the elderly group was 78 ± 2.8 years and 60.8 ± 9.5 in the control group (p < 0.001). During 11.8 ± 5.4 months of follow-up, single procedure success rate for the elderly and the control group was 72.8 and 76%, respectively (p = 0.37). During redo ablation (n = 40), low-voltage areas in the LA were more frequently observed in elderly patients compared to the control group [1.0 (IQR 0–2.0) segments vs 2.0 (IQR 2.0–3.0) segments, respectively, p = 0.03]. The most common complication was transient phrenic nerve palsy, which only occurred in patients < 75 years (0 vs 7, p = 0.33). No severe complication such as procedure-related deaths, atrio-esophageal fistula, or cerebrovascular embolic events occurred. Conclusions: Our data strengthen the value of CB ablation for the treatment of AF as an effective and safe procedure in elderly patients, with similar success and complication rates when compared with a younger population. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Conflict of interest K. Yalin received research and educational grant from Turkish Society of Cardiology. E. Lyan received travel grants and Speaker’s Bureau Honoraria from BiosenseWebster, Medtronic, Boston Scientific. R. Tilz received travel grants from St. Jude Medical, Topera, BiosenseWebster, Daiichi Sankyo, Sentrheart and Speaker’s Bureau Honoraria from BiosenseWebster, Biotronik, Pfizer, Topera, Bristol-Myers Squibb; Bayer, Sanofi Aventis. Christian Heeger received travel grants and research grants by Medtronic, Claret Medical and SentreHeart. All other authors have no disclosures

Surface Modification of PDMS-Based Microfluidic Devices with Collagen Using Polydopamine as a Spacer to Enhance Primary Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell Adhesion

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a silicone-based synthetic material used in various biomedical applications due to its properties, including transparency, flexibility, permeability to gases, and ease of use. Though PDMS facilitates and assists the fabrication of complicated geometries at micro- and nano-scales, it does not optimally interact with cells for adherence and proliferation. Various strategies have been proposed to render PDMS to enhance cell attachment. The majority of these surface modification techniques have been offered for a static cell culture system. However, dynamic cell culture systems such as organ-on-a-chip devices are demanding platforms that recapitulate a living tissue microenvironment’s complexity. In organ-on-a-chip platforms, PDMS surfaces are usually coated by extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which occur as a result of a physical and weak bonding between PDMS and ECM proteins, and this binding can be degraded when it is exposed to shear stresses. This work reports static and dynamic coating methods to covalently bind collagen within a PDMS-based microfluidic device using polydopamine (PDA). These coating methods were evaluated using water contact angle measurement and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to optimize coating conditions. The biocompatibility of collagen-coated PDMS devices was assessed by culturing primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) in microfluidic devices. It was shown that both PDA coating methods could be used to bind collagen, thereby improving cell adhesion (approximately three times higher) without showing any discernible difference in cell attachment between these two methods. These results suggested that such a surface modification can help coat extracellular matrix protein onto PDMS-based microfluidic devices

Surface Modification of PDMS-Based Microfluidic Devices with Collagen Using Polydopamine as a Spacer to Enhance Primary Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell Adhesion

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a silicone-based synthetic material used in various biomedical applications due to its properties, including transparency, flexibility, permeability to gases, and ease of use. Though PDMS facilitates and assists the fabrication of complicated geometries at micro- and nano-scales, it does not optimally interact with cells for adherence and proliferation. Various strategies have been proposed to render PDMS to enhance cell attachment. The majority of these surface modification techniques have been offered for a static cell culture system. However, dynamic cell culture systems such as organ-on-a-chip devices are demanding platforms that recapitulate a living tissue microenvironment&rsquo;s complexity. In organ-on-a-chip platforms, PDMS surfaces are usually coated by extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which occur as a result of a physical and weak bonding between PDMS and ECM proteins, and this binding can be degraded when it is exposed to shear stresses. This work reports static and dynamic coating methods to covalently bind collagen within a PDMS-based microfluidic device using polydopamine (PDA). These coating methods were evaluated using water contact angle measurement and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to optimize coating conditions. The biocompatibility of collagen-coated PDMS devices was assessed by culturing primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) in microfluidic devices. It was shown that both PDA coating methods could be used to bind collagen, thereby improving cell adhesion (approximately three times higher) without showing any discernible difference in cell attachment between these two methods. These results suggested that such a surface modification can help coat extracellular matrix protein onto PDMS-based microfluidic devices