Shelf-life of sausage patties made from pre-rigor and post-rigor pork under vacuum and modified atmosphere packaging

This study was conducted to determine the effect of pre-rigor (PRR) and post-rigor (POR) pork on the shelf-life of sausage patties stored under six treatments-vacuum (Trt 1), 100% CO2 (Trt 2), Air (Trt 3), 75% Ns + 25% CO2 (Trt 4), 75% N2 + 15% CO2 + 10% O2 (Trt 5) and 75% N2 + 20% CO2 + 5% O2 (Trt 6). Six sows were slaughtered and the meat (PRR and PGR) was ground (0.48 cm), mixed with seasonings and stuffed into casings. Sausage was crust-frozen in a CO2 batch freezer (-70C) and transferred to a blast freezer (-21C) for 10 days. After frozen storage, the sausages were sliced into patties, packaged under six treatments (Trt 1 through Trt 6) and stored at 4C for 14 days. Analyses were conducted at 0, 3, 7, 10 and 14 day intervals. PRR had higher (P≤0.001) TBA value, total bacterial count and lactic acid bacterial count than POR. PRR had higher (P≤0.001) percent OMb, Hunter ‘L’ and ‘a’ values as well as lower (P≤0.001) percent MMb than POR. Trt 2 and Trt 4 gave lower (P≤0.001) TBA values and total bacterial counts, whereas Trt 3, Trt 5, and Trt 6 gave higher (P≤0.001) percent OMb and lower (P≤0.001) percent MMb. Trt 2 and Trt 4 are recommended for shelf-life extension in terms of lipid oxidation and microbial growth. For color shelf-life extension, at 50% MMc level, Trt 3, Trt 5 and Trt 6 are recommended

Advanced flight management system for an unmanned reusable space vehicle

The innovative architecture of an advanced Flight Management System (FMS) for Unmanned Reusable Space Vehicle (URSV) applications is presented with the associated re-entry trajectory computation algorithm. The SL-12 unmanned space vehicle, developed by Cranfield University as a part of the 2012-2013 Aerospace Vehicle Design (AVD) Group Design Project (GDP) is used as the reference platform. The overall avionics architecture of the future space transportation vehicle is described. A detailed architecture is developed for the FMS and the core functions of such an FMS are described. A dedicated computation algorithm is presented for re-entry trajectory planning, which involves determination of the path of re-entry vehicle by means of angle of attack and bank angle modulation. Simulation case studies are performed in a realistic re-entry operational scenario resulting in the generation of efficient and feasible trajectories, without violating any of the defined constraints

Clinico-pathological study of intradural extramedullary spinal tumors

Background: The intradural extramedullary tumours of the spine are one of the commonest tumours of the spine. Early diagnosis and surgical removal helps in best outcome. The objective of the study was to analyze the clinical presentation, imageology, resectability, to know the incidence of different types of tumours in intradural extramedullary compartment and to study the surgical outcome.Methods: This was a prospective study of 32 cases of intradural extramedullary tumours. The clinical presentation, imageology, resectability, histopathology, surgical outcome were studied. The patients were investigated with plain spinal radiography and MRI. All cases were treated surgically by posterior or posterolateral approaches. Outcome and complications were evaluated. They were followed up regularly and the results were analyzed. Ambulatory status was classified on admission by using Nurick-grading scheme.Results: The incidence of intradural extramedullary spinal tumours was 57.14%. Most of the tumours presented in the third decade (37.5%). Mean age of Presentation for meningioma was 36 years and for nerve sheath tumours was 39.5 years. The nerve sheath tumours contributed 35% followed by meningioma 28%. Nerve sheath tumours were found to be most commonly located in thoracic region (56%). Total excision of tumour was achieved in 87.7% cases.Conclusions: Nerve Sheath tumours and Meningiomas were the most common in intradural extramedullary spinal lesions and complete excision was possible in almost all cases. Prognosis was usually good, in spite of poor neurological status at the time of presentation.

Modelling and numerical simulation of the bi-temperature Euler equations in toroidal geometry

National audienceDans les tokamaks comme ITER, la matière est à l’état de plasma chaud en interaction avec des ondesélectromagnétiques. La modélisation et la simulation numérique du transport des électrons et des ions,particules chargées qui constituent ce plasma, sont un processus-clé de la réussite de ce projet.La dynamique des particules chargées peut être décrite par un modèle d’Euler bi-températures, celle desélectrons et celle des ions. Ce modèle prend également en compte les échanges d’énergies entre les deuxespèces de particules. Nous utilisons une forme conservative du modèle bi-températuresqui suppose que le saut d’entropie des électrons est nul au travers des chocs. Cette forme des équationspermet d’utiliser pour l’approximation numérique du système résultant un schéma de relaxation.Toute cette physique complexe a lieu dans un tokamak dont la géométrie est toroïdale. L’écriture deséquations du modèle sous forme conservative en coordonnées non cartésiennes impose des précautionspour être approchée par la méthode des volumes finis. Des prismes dans un maillage non-structuré engéométrie courbe sont également utilisés pour l’approximation du modèle.Dans cet exposé, nous présenterons des formulations non-conservative et conservative des équationsd’Euler bi-températures avec des termes d’échanges d’énergies. Un schéma de relaxation et le traite-ment de la géométrie toroïdale seront montrés. Enfin, des exemples de simulations numériques utilisantcette méthode numérique seront présentés

Exploiting genetic and genomic resources to enhance productivity and abiotic stress adaptation of underutilized pulses

Underutilized pulses and their wild relatives are typically stress tolerant and their seeds are packed with protein, fibers, minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals. The consumption of such nutritionally dense legumes together with cereal-based food may promote global food and nutritional security. However, such species are deficient in a few or several desirable domestication traits thereby reducing their agronomic value, requiring further genetic enhancement for developing productive, nutritionally dense, and climate resilient cultivars. This review article considers 13 underutilized pulses and focuses on their germplasm holdings, diversity, crop-wild-crop gene flow, genome sequencing, syntenic relationships, the potential for breeding and transgenic manipulation, and the genetics of agronomic and stress tolerance traits. Recent progress has shown the potential for crop improvement and food security, for example, the genetic basis of stem determinacy and fragrance in moth bean and rice bean, multiple abiotic stress tolerant traits in horse gram and tepary bean, bruchid resistance in lima bean, low neurotoxin in grass pea, and photoperiod induced flowering and anthocyanin accumulation in adzuki bean have been investigated. Advances in introgression breeding to develop elite genetic stocks of grass pea with low β-ODAP (neurotoxin compound), resistance to Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus in black gram using rice bean, and abiotic stress adaptation in common bean, using genes from tepary bean have been carried out. This highlights their potential in wider breeding programs to introduce such traits in locally adapted cultivars. The potential of de-domestication or feralization in the evolution of new variants in these crops are also highlighted

Simulations of Coherent Synchrotron Radiation on Parallel Hybrid GPU/CPU Platform

Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) is an effect of self-interaction of an electron bunch as it traverses a curved path. It can cause a significant emittance degradation, as well as fragmentation and microbunching. Numerical simulations of the 2D/3D CSR effects have been extremely challenging due to computational bottlenecks associated with calculating retarded potentials via integrating over the history of the bunch. We present a new high-performance 2D, particle-in-cell code which uses massively parallel multicore GPU/GPU platforms to alleviate computational bottlenecks. The code formulates the CSR problem from first principles by using the retarded scalar and vector potentials to compute the self-interaction fields. The speedup due to the parallel implementation on GPU/CPU platforms exceeds three orders of magnitude, thereby bringing a previously intractable problem within reach. The accuracy of the code is verified against analytic 1D solutions (rigid bunch) and semi-analytic 2D solutions for the chirped bunch. Finally, we use the new code in conjunction with a genetic algorithm to optimize the design of a fiducial chicane

Genetic relationships among seven sections of genus Arachis studied by using SSR markers

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The genus <it>Arachis</it>, originated in South America, is divided into nine taxonomical sections comprising of 80 species. Most of the <it>Arachis </it>species are diploids (2<it>n </it>= 2<it>x </it>= 20) and the tetraploid species (2<it>n </it>= 2<it>x </it>= 40) are found in sections <it>Arachis</it>, <it>Extranervosae </it>and <it>Rhizomatosae</it>. Diploid species have great potential to be used as resistance sources for agronomic traits like pests and diseases, drought related traits and different life cycle spans. Understanding of genetic relationships among wild species and between wild and cultivated species will be useful for enhanced utilization of wild species in improving cultivated germplasm. The present study was undertaken to evaluate genetic relationships among species (96 accessions) belonging to seven sections of <it>Arachis </it>by using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed from <it>Arachis hypogaea </it>genomic library and gene sequences from related genera of <it>Arachis</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The average transferability rate of 101 SSR markers tested to section <it>Arachis </it>and six other sections was 81% and 59% respectively. Five markers (IPAHM 164, IPAHM 165, IPAHM 407a, IPAHM 409, and IPAHM 659) showed 100% transferability. Cluster analysis of allelic data from a subset of 32 SSR markers on 85 wild and 11 cultivated accessions grouped accessions according to their genome composition, sections and species to which they belong. A total of 109 species specific alleles were detected in different wild species, <it>Arachis pusilla </it>exhibited largest number of species specific alleles (15). Based on genetic distance analysis, the A-genome accession ICG 8200 (<it>A. duranensis</it>) and the B-genome accession ICG 8206 (<it>A. ipaënsis</it>) were found most closely related to <it>A. hypogaea</it>.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A set of cross species and cross section transferable SSR markers has been identified that will be useful for genetic studies of wild species of <it>Arachis</it>, including comparative genome mapping, germplasm analysis, population genetic structure and phylogenetic inferences among species. The present study provides strong support based on both genomic and genic markers, probably for the first time, on relationships of <it>A. monticola </it>and <it>A. hypogaea </it>as well as on the most probable donor of A and B-genomes of cultivated groundnut.</p

An Asymptotic Preserving Scheme for the Euler equations in a strong magnetic field

This paper is concerned with the numerical approximation of the isothermal Euler equations for charged particles subject to the Lorentz force. When the magnetic field is large, the so-called drift-fluid approximation is obtained. In this limit, the parallel motion relative to the magnetic field direction splits from perpendicular motion and is given implicitly by the constraint of zero total force along the magnetic field lines. In this paper, we provide a well-posed elliptic equation for the parallel velocity which in turn allows us to construct an Asymptotic-Preserving (AP) scheme for the Euler-Lorentz system. This scheme gives rise to both a consistent approximation of the Euler-Lorentz model when epsilon is finite and a consistent approximation of the drift limit when epsilon tends to 0. Above all, it does not require any constraint on the space and time steps related to the small value of epsilon. Numerical results are presented, which confirm the AP character of the scheme and its Asymptotic Stability

A comparative evaluation of properties of denture base materials processed with different processing methods: a preliminary study.

Background: The use of the traditional polymerization process of dentures necessitates a lot of time and energy. To depreciate these factors, a different processing method could be studied. Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate and compare the properties of denture base resin material processed with conventional curing and pressure-pot method. Materials and methods: A total of 30 specimens with distinct dimensions were fabricated with the denture base materials. The specimens were divided into two groups with 15 each, and they were processed using conventional heat-curing and pressure-pot processing, respectively. Each group is subdivided into three groups with five specimens in each for evaluating flexural strength, water sorption, and residual monomer, respectively. Flexural strength was measured using a 3-point bending test with a Universal testing machine. Water sorption was assessed by measuring the weight of the specimens after immersing them in distilled water. Residual monomer content was evaluated using a UV spectrophotometer.  The obtained data were statistically analysed using an independent t-test. Results: A slight increase in flexural strength was observed in the pressure processed specimens. However, no significant differences (p=0.131) were observed in the flexural strength between the groups. Less water sorption percentage was observed with the pressure processed acrylic resin specimens, and a significant difference (p=0.047) was observed between the groups. A slightly more amount of residual monomer content was seen in the acrylic specimens processed conventionally. Conclusion: Pressure-pot curing may be used for processing denture base acrylics as it provides properties similar to that of the conventional curing method

Exploiting genetic and genomic resources to enhance productivity and abiotic stress adaptation of underutilized pulses

Underutilized pulses and their wild relatives are typically stress tolerant and their seeds are packed with protein, fibers, minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals. The consumption of such nutritionally dense legumes together with cereal-based food may promote global food and nutritional security. However, such species are deficient in a few or several desirable domestication traits thereby reducing their agronomic value, requiring further genetic enhancement for developing productive, nutritionally dense, and climate resilient cultivars. This review article considers 13 underutilized pulses and focuses on their germplasm holdings, diversity, crop-wild-crop gene flow, genome sequencing, syntenic relationships, the potential for breeding and transgenic manipulation, and the genetics of agronomic and stress tolerance traits. Recent progress has shown the potential for crop improvement and food security, for example, the genetic basis of stem determinacy and fragrance in moth bean and rice bean, multiple abiotic stress tolerant traits in horse gram and tepary bean, bruchid resistance in lima bean, low neurotoxin in grass pea, and photoperiod induced flowering and anthocyanin accumulation in adzuki bean have been investigated. Advances in introgression breeding to develop elite genetic stocks of grass pea with low β-ODAP (neurotoxin compound), resistance to Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus in black gram using rice bean, and abiotic stress adaptation in common bean, using genes from tepary bean have been carried out. This highlights their potential in wider breeding programs to introduce such traits in locally adapted cultivars. The potential of de-domestication or feralization in the evolution of new variants in these crops are also highlighted