120 research outputs found
Synthesis of n-alkylated derivatives of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,5-dihydro-4h-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones as potential anticonvulsants
High psychotropic activity of pyrimidine derivatives attracts attention and directs the creation of new pyrimidine drugs which affect the central nervous system. As psychotropic agents a special attention deserve azolopyrimidine derivatives, including pyrazolopyrimidines.Thus, among the pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives had been found compounds with antiepileptic, anticonvulsant, sedative, anxiolytic activity [1, 2], ligands of benzodiazepine site of GABA receptors [3]. In addition, the ligands of 5HT-6 receptors were identified that are promising for the treatment of central nervous system, muscle relaxants [4].The purpose of this research was a synthesis of alkylated derivatives of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4-ones
The role of advanced glycation end products in patogenesis of diabetic nephropathy
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease are the diseases that have exceeded epidemic thresholds in terms of prevalence all over the world. That made it possible to classify them as non-communicable epidemics of the XXI century. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is implicated with high levels of disablement and mortality. Advanced glycation end products (AGE) play a key role in the progression of DN. Increased formation of AGE occurs due to hyperglycemia under the conditions of diabetes. Moreover, there are additional factors in DN that increase the elaboration of AGE, such as high levels of oxidative stress and decreased renal clearance which slows down the AGE excretion. Both immediate effects of AGE and interaction of AGE with its cell-bound receptor (RAGE) result in a Ρascade of events that lead to further progression of DN. Thus, the research of the new therapeutic approaches targeted on the AGE-RAGE system is of great interest to slow progression of DN and improve the prognosis
Π’Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
The paper provides a technical and economic analysis pertaining to selection of optimum biomass and local fossil fuel application technology for thermal electric energy generation while using a matrix of costs and a method of minimum value. Calculation results give grounds to assert that it is expedient to burn in the boiling layer β 69 % and 31 % of wood pellets and wastes, respectively and 54 % of peat and 46 % of slate stones. A steam and gas unit (SGU) can fully operate on peat. Taking into account reorientation on decentralized power supply and increase of small power plants up to 3β5 MW the paper specifies variants of the most efficient technologies for burning biomass and local fossil fuels.Β ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡ 69 % Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ» ΠΈ 31 % Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ 54 % ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°, 46 % ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π². ΠΠΠ£ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅.Π‘ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ
ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π΄ΠΎ 3β5 ΠΠΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²
Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ 6-(1H-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΡΠΌΡΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»-2- ΡΠ»)-5-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ[2,3-d]ΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-4(3H)-ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π· Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° 1,2,4-ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»-5- ΡΠ»ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
Aim. To synthesize, study the antimicrobial activity and suggest antimicrobial activity mechanism for the novel derivatives of 6-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one. Results and discussion. As the result of the targeted modification of 6-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-methylthieno[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-4(3H)-one in position 3 with acetamide and 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-ylmethyl substituents, the compounds, which demonstrated better antimicrobial activity in the agar well diffusion assay than the reference drug Streptomycin, were obtained. To elucidate the mechanism of action of the novel compounds, the docking studies were con-ducted to the active site of the 16S subunit of ribosomal RNA, the proven target for aminoglycoside antibiotics, as well as tRNA (Guanine37-N1)-methyltransferase (TrmD), which inhibitors were considered as a new potential class of antibiotics. Experimental part. By the interaction of 6-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one with a series of N-arylchloroacetamides and 3-aryl-5-(chloromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles in DMF in the presence of K2CO3 the target compounds were obtained. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by the agar well diffusion method. The concentration of microbial cells was determined by the McFarland standard; the value was 107 cells in 1 mL of the media. The 18βββ24 hour culture of microorganisms was used for tests. For the bacteria cultivation, MΓΌller-Hinton agar was used, Sabouraud agar was applied for C. albicans cultivation. The compounds were tested as the DMSO solution with the concentration of 100 Β΅g/mL; the volume of the solution was 0.3 mL, the same volume was used for Streptomycin (the concentration 30 Β΅g/mL). The docking studies were performed using Autodock Vina. Crystallographic data for the complexes of Streptomycin with the 16S subunit of ribosomal RNA (1NTB) and its active site, as well as for tRNA (Guanine37-N1)-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.228; TrmD) (5ZHN) and its active site were obtained from the Protein Data Bank.Conclusions. It has been determined that 2-[6-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-methyl-4-oxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-yl]-N-[4-(ethoxy)phenyl]acetamide, which is the most active as an antimicrobial agent among the compounds tested, also shows the best binding activity towards the active site of tRNA (guanine37-N1)-methyltransferase.ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°. Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
6-(1H-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΡΠΌΡΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»-2-ΡΠ»)-5-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ[2,3-d]ΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-4(3H)-ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² ΡΠ° Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. Π£ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ 3 6-(1H-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΡΠΌΡΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»-2-ΡΠ»)-5-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ[2,3-d]ΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-4(3H)-ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ° 1,2,4-ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»-5-ΡΠ»ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Π· Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ·ΡΡ Π² Π°Π³Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎ Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡ Π·Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ. Π ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ Π·βΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΡ Π΄ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΡ ΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ 16S ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π ΠΠ, ΡΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΡΠ ΠΠ (ΠΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½-37-N1)-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ (TrmD), ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠ±ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π°Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ².
ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°. Π¨Π»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ 6-(1H-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΡΠΌΡΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»-2-ΡΠ»)-5-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ[2,3-d]ΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-4(3H)-ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π· ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ N-Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΄ΡΠ² ΡΠ° 3-Π°ΡΠΈΠ»-5-(Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»)-1,2,4-ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ² Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
ΠΠΠ€Π-K2CO3 Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ·ΡΡ Π² Π°Π³Π°Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ€Π°ΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΌ; ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½Π΅ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π»ΠΎ 107 ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ Π² 1 ΠΌΠ» ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ² Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ 18βββ24 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΡΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π°Π³Π°Ρ ΠΡΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠ°-ΠΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ½Π°; Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ C. albicans Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π°Π³Π°Ρ Π‘Π°Π±ΡΡΠΎ. Π‘ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ·ΡΡ Π² Π°Π³Π°Ρ (Π»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ) Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ ΠΠΠ‘Π Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ 100 ΠΌΠΊΠ³/ΠΌΠ» Π² ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΌΡ 0,3 ΠΌΠ»; Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ (ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ. 30 ΠΌΠΊΠ³/ΠΌΠ»). ΠΠΎΠΊΡΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Autodock Vina. ΠΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π· 16S ΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π ΠΠ (1NTB) ΡΠ° ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΡ Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ ΠΠ (ΠΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½-37-N1)-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ (EC 2.1.1.228; TrmD) (5ZHN) ΡΠ° ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π· Protein Data Bank.ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠ° 2-[6-(1H-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΡΠΌΡΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»-2-ΡΠ»)-5-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-4-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ[2,3-d]ΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-3(4H)-ΡΠ»]-N-[4-(Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈ)ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»]Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΄, ΡΠΊΠ° Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ, Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°Ρ
Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠ±ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ ΠΠ (ΠΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½-37-N1)-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ
Therapeutic Effects of Butyrate on Pediatric Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Importance: The pediatric obesity disease burden imposes the necessity of new effective strategies. Objective: To determine whether oral butyrate supplementation as an adjunct to standard care is effective in the treatment of pediatric obesity. Design, Setting, and Participants: A randomized, quadruple-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed from November 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021, at the Tertiary Center for Pediatric Nutrition, Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. Participants included children aged 5 to 17 years with body mass index (BMI) greater than the 95th percentile. Interventions: Standard care for pediatric obesity supplemented with oral sodium butyrate, 20 mg/kg body weight per day, or placebo for 6 months was administered. Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcome was the decrease of at least 0.25 BMI SD scores at 6 months. The secondary outcomes were changes in waist circumference; fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, ghrelin, microRNA-221, and interleukin-6 levels; homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); dietary and lifestyle habits; and gut microbiome structure. Intention-to-treat analysis was conducted. Results: Fifty-four children with obesity (31 girls [57%], mean [SD] age, 11 [2.91] years) were randomized into the butyrate and placebo groups; 4 were lost to follow-up after receiving the intervention in the butyrate group and 2 in the placebo group. At intention-to-treat analysis (n = 54), children treated with butyrate had a higher rate of BMI decrease greater than or equal to 0.25 SD scores at 6 months (96% vs 56%, absolute benefit increase, 40%; 95% CI, 21% to 61%; P < .01). At per-protocol analysis (n = 48), the butyrate group showed the following changes as compared with the placebo group: waist circumference, -5.07 cm (95% CI, -7.68 to -2.46 cm; P < .001); insulin level, -5.41 ΞΌU/mL (95% CI, -10.49 to -0.34 ΞΌU/mL; P = .03); HOMA-IR, -1.14 (95% CI, -2.13 to -0.15; P = .02); ghrelin level, -47.89 ΞΌg/mL (95% CI, -91.80 to -3.98 ΞΌg/mL; P < .001); microRNA221 relative expression, -2.17 (95% CI, -3.35 to -0.99; P < .001); and IL-6 level, -4.81 pg/mL (95% CI, -7.74 to -1.88 pg/mL; P < .001). Similar patterns of adherence to standard care were observed in the 2 groups. Baseline gut microbiome signatures predictable of the therapeutic response were identified. Adverse effects included transient mild nausea and headache reported by 2 patients during the first month of butyrate intervention. Conclusions and Relevance: Oral butyrate supplementation may be effective in the treatment of pediatric obesity. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04620057
Simultaneous pancreasβkidney transplantation in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clinical options
Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) is the most promising treatment option for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to diabetic nephropathy (DN). Successful SPKT eliminates uremic intoxication and hyperglycemia – the leading trigger of vascular diabetic complications. Therefore, euglycemia is an important metabolic change in patients after surgery and remains only one of the factors for the saved renal allograft functioning. In the case of resuming renal replacement therapy by dialysis after SPKT, the management and monitoring of the pancreatic graft remains open. Special attention to the pancreatic graft’s function is due to both the potential risk of surgical complications, and some probability of T1DM relapse with the need to resume insulin therapy. In patients with saved function of both transplants, the assessment of the dynamics of diabetic complications in general becomes more important. The results of few studies in this regard remain contradictory. Thus, clinical options can be unpredictably diverse and require not only search for the root cause, but also optimization of rehabilitation tactics, even if the expected results are achieved
A simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation for type 1 diabetes mellitus after a long-term of receiving hemodialysis renal replacement therapy. Clinical Ρase
At the present time, a simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) is an effective method of treatment for patients on renal replacement therapy by hemodialysis program in the outcome of the terminal stage of diabetic nephropathy. This method of treatment solves several problems: it reduces the severity of intoxication syndrome, contributes to the achievement of euglycemia in most cases, which certainly allows to slow the progression of micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Despite of positive effect of euglycaemia and kidney function normalization, the accumulated metabolic memory legacy of long-term uncompensated diabetes mellitus is realized, which makes a posttransplantational rehabilitation of patients difficult. A duration of hemodialysis therapy is known as a cardiovascular events risk factor, which affects theΒ surgery result and favorable posttransplant period. More often after successful SPKT microvascular diabetic complications areΒ stabilized, but macrovascular diabetic complications, diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy and mineral and bone disease are progressed. Thatβs why is necessary to perform regular examination after SPKT by a team of specialists, including nephrologist, endocrinologist, cardiologist, ophthalmologist with correction of ongoing therapy. Therefore both the preparation of Β theΒ patient for transplantation with the earliest possible placement on the waiting list and the post-transplant rehabilitation afterwards are extremely important
The structure of mineral and bone disorders in patients with Ρhronic kidney disease of the 5th dialysis stage, taking into account the presence or absence of a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus
BACKGROUND: In patients with end-stage CKD, receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) with programmed hemodialysis (HD), the severity of complications is associated with metabolic disturbances: accumulation of uremic toxins, nephrogenic anemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), extraskeletal calcification, impaired clearance and rhythm of hormone secretion.AIM: To evaluate the main biochemical and hormonal parameters, and manifestations of mineral bone disease (MBD) in patients receiving RRT with HD, before and after hemodialysis, taking into account the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We divided all patients receiving RRT with HD in two groups: #1 (n=24) β patients with DM, #2 (n=16) β patients without DM. All of them had their blood analyzed before and immediately after the HD. Data analysis was performed with the Statistica 13 (StatSoft, USA). A prognostically significant model was considered at p<0.05.RESULTS: The level of iPTH, both at baseline and after HD, was lower in group #1 (p<0.001). The level of alkaline phosphatase (AP) was significantly higher in group #2 (p=0.012). In both groups before HD, a high incidence of hypocalcemia was detected (according to albumin-corrected calcium in group #1 in 58.3%, in group #2 in 43.7% of cases, p = 0.366) and hyperphosphatemia (in 66.7% and in 43 .7% of cases, respectively, p=0.151). Hypocalcemia after HD in group #1 persisted in 14%, inΒ group #2 β in 20% of cases (p>0.05); hyperphosphatemia in group #1 was completely leveled, in group #2 it persisted inΒ 7% of cases (p=0.417). Prior to the HD session, group #1 had significantly higher levels of RAGE, glucagon, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), cortisol, and glucose than after the HD session (p<0.05). In group #2, after HD, the levels of glucagon, IRI and cortisol significantly decreased (p<0.05), and the level of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-HT) increased significantly (p=0.026). In group #1, fibrocalcinosis of the heart valves according to ECHO and calcification of the arteries of the lower extremities according to ultrasonic doplerography were more common than in group #2 (42% vs 25%, p<0.001 and 75% vs 37.5%, p=0.018, respectively). (Ο2)). Compression fractures occurred with the same frequency in both groups (60%). A decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) to the level of osteopenia was noted more often in group #1 (50% vs 18.8%), and osteoporosis was more common in group #2 (68.8% vs 33.3%) (p<0.001, Ο2).CONCLUSION: The low level of PTH in group #1 may reflect the effect of diabetes on calcium-phosphorus metabolism. Patients with DM have an increased risk of renal osteodystrophy with a low bone turnover because of a number of metabolic factors inherent in diabetes. At the same time, the dynamics of phosphorus and calcium indicators during the HD procedure were similar
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