Efikasi Herbisida Parakuat Diklorida terhadap Gulma Umum pada Tanaman Ubi Kayu (Manihot Esculenta Crantz.)

Tanaman ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) merupakan tanaman pangan yang hasilnya dapat diolah menjadi bahan makanan pokok. Pemeliharaan menjadi hal yang penting untuk menjaga kualitas tanaman agar lebih baik. Gulma merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi akibat adanya kompetisi dalam penyerapan hara, air, cahaya dan ruang tumbuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efikasi herbisida berbahan aktif parakuat diklorida dan dosis parakuat diklorida yang tepat dalam mengendalikan gulma pada tanaman ubi kayu. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Natar, Lampung Selatan dan Laboratorium Ilmu Gulma Universitas Lampung. Penelitian dilakukan dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini meliputi dosis 414 g/ha, 552 g/ha, 690 g/ha, 828 g/ha, 966 g/ha, penyiangan mekanis dan kontrol (tanpa pengendalian gulma). Data yang diperoleh diuji Bartlett untuk homogenitas ragam dan Uji Tukey untuk menguji additivitas. Bila homogen, data dianalisis ragam. Bila uji F analisis ragam nyata, dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT 5% untuk pemisahan nilai tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa herbisida parakuat diklorida dengan dosis 414 g/ha - 966 g/ha mampu menekan pertumbuhan gulma total ubi kayu sampai 8 minggu setelah aplikasi (MSA) serta mampu mengendalikan gulma golongan daun lebar Ipomoea triloba dan Richardia brasiliensis hingga 8 MSA serta gulma golongan rumput Digitaria ciliaris hingga 4 MSA namun demikian parakuat diklorida dosis 414 g/ha - 966 g/ha tidak dapat mengendalikan gulma golongan rumput Echinochloa colonum dari 2 MSA hingga 8 MSA

Efikasi Herbisida Parakuat Diklorida terhadap Gulma Umum pada Tanaman Ubi Kayu (Manihot Esculenta Crantz.)

Tanaman ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) merupakan tanaman pangan yang hasilnya dapat diolah menjadi bahan makanan pokok. Pemeliharaan menjadi hal yang penting untuk menjaga kualitas tanaman agar lebih baik. Gulma merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi akibat adanya kompetisi dalam penyerapan hara, air, cahaya dan ruang tumbuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efikasi herbisida berbahan aktif parakuat diklorida dan dosis parakuat diklorida yang tepat dalam mengendalikan gulma pada tanaman ubi kayu. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Natar, Lampung Selatan dan Laboratorium Ilmu Gulma Universitas Lampung. Penelitian dilakukan dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini meliputi dosis 414 g/ha, 552 g/ha, 690 g/ha, 828 g/ha, 966 g/ha, penyiangan mekanis dan kontrol (tanpa pengendalian gulma). Data yang diperoleh diuji Bartlett untuk homogenitas ragam dan Uji Tukey untuk menguji additivitas. Bila homogen, data dianalisis ragam. Bila uji F analisis ragam nyata, dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT 5% untuk pemisahan nilai tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa herbisida parakuat diklorida dengan dosis 414 g/ha-966 g/ha mampu menekan pertumbuhan gulma total ubi kayu sampai 8 minggu setelah aplikasi (MSA) serta mampu mengendalikan gulma golongan daun lebar Ipomoea triloba dan Richardia brasiliensis hingga 8 MSA serta gulma golongan rumput Digitaria ciliaris hingga 4 MSA namun demikian parakuat diklorida dosis 414 g/ha-966 g/ha tidak dapat mengendalikan gulma golongan rumputEchinochloa colonum dari 2 MSA hingga 8 MSA

Perceived Health Service, Quality of Care, and Multidrug Resistent Tuberculosis: A Case-Control Study in Central Java, Indonesia

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, including Indonesia. Drug resistance, in combination with other factors, results in even more increased morbidity and mortality due to tuberculosis. Globally, there were about 0.5 million cases of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The WHO reported an alarming rise of not only MDR-TB but also of extreme drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) globally. This study aimed to determine the associations of perceived health care behavior and perceived quality of care with MDR-TB in Central Java, Indonesia. Subjects and Method: This was a case-control study conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, from August 2017 to January 2018. A sample of 309 subjects was selected for this study, consisting of 81 MDR-TB cases and 228 non MDR-TB controls. The dependent variable was MDR-TB. The independent variables were perceived health provider behavior and perceived quality of care. MDR-TB data were obtained from medical record. The other variables were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: The risk of MDR-TB increased with unfavorable perceived provider behavior (OR= 2.80; 95% CI= 1.64 to 5.09; p<0.001) and perceived poor quality of health service (OR= 1.90; 95% CI= 1.15 to 3.37; p= 0.013) received by the patients. Conclusion: The risk of MDR-TB is associated with unfavorable perceived provider behavior and perceived poor quality of health service received by the patients. Keywords: perceived provider behavior, perceived quality of health service, MDR-T

A rapid method for preparation of sarcolemma from frog skeletal muscle

A rapid method for the preparation of sarcolema from frog skeletal muscle has been described. The purified cell segments were transparent and devoid of contractile material. The Na+, K+ -ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase activities in sarcolemma purified by this method were comparable to those reported for sarcolemmal preparations purified by density gradient centrifugation. The preparation also possessed acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and K+ -activated, ouabain-sensitive p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activities. The cholesterol to phospholipid ratio of the sarcolemma was 0.33, indicating its high purity; further, the preparation was free from mitochondria and contractile proteins

Nanofluid Flow over a Permeable Surface with Convective Boundary Conditions and Radiative Heat Transfer

We investigate the effects of thermal radiation and convective boundary conditions on heat and mass transfer in nanofluid flow over a permeable flat plate. The mathematical model for the nanofluid incorporates variations in the nanoparticle volume fraction of up to 20%. The performance of two water-based nanofluids, namely, stable suspensions of copper and gold nanoparticles in water was investigated. The governing partial differential equations were transformed into ordinary ones using a similarity transformation and solved numerically. The numerical results were validated by comparison with previously published results in the literature. The main focus of this paper is to study the fluid and surface parameters such as the radiation parameter, and suction/injection parameter, solute concentration profiles, as well as the skin friction coefficient and heat and mass transfer rates were conducted

Pengembangan Produk Tempat Sampah Penghancur Plastik Berbasis Green Technology

– Inovasi merupakan aspek kunci yang mendorong suatu Perusahaan semakin berkembang dan tetap bertahan dalam ketatnya persaingan di pasar. Seiringan dengan perkembangan teknologi yang revolusioner, menimbulkan adanya kebutuhan akan produk-produk dengan kemampuan yang mutakhir, oleh karena itu dibutuhan pola pikir yang kreatif dan berorientasi pada kreativitas bagi para Perusahaan untuk tetap mempertahankan kedudukannya di persaingan pasar. Dalam upaya menghasilkan produk yang inovatif dan berkualitas tinggi, diperlukan perencanaan dan pengembangan produk yang komprehensif, selain itu juga diharapkan memiliki manfaat yang berkelanjutan dan bermanfaat bagi kelestarian lingkungan. Salah satu orientasi yang ditujukan pada Perusahaan saat ini ialah mengembangkan Green Technology yang merujuk pada pembangunan dan aplikasi produk, peralatan serta sistem untuk memelihara alam sekitar dan meminimumkan dampak kerusakan lingkungan yang diakibatkan oleh manusia. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan perencanaan dan pengembangan produk tempat sampah penghancur plastik ramah lingkungan bertenaga mekanik, dengan sensor elektrik yang mampu mendeteksi ketinggian sampah agar tidak menumpuk. Alur penelitian dilakukan mulai dari pencarian dan pengumpulan ide produk, penyaringan ide produk yang feasible dan berpotensi menguntungkan, pembuatan prototipe produk, hingga analisis ekonomi dari produk yang akan dikembangkan. Tempat sampah penghancur sampah yang ramah lingkungan ini diberi nama Trade (Trash Destroyer)

Mutational Analyses of the Influenza A Virus Polymerase Subunit PA Reveal Distinct Functions Related and Unrelated to RNA Polymerase Activity

Influenza A viral polymerase is a heterotrimeric complex that consists of PA, PB1, and PB2 subunits. We previously reported that a di-codon substitution mutation (G507A-R508A), denoted J10, in the C-terminal half of PA had no apparent effect on viral RNA synthesis but prevented infectious virus production, indicating that PA may have a novel role independent of its polymerase activity. To further examine the roles of PA in the viral life cycle, we have now generated and characterized additional mutations in regions flanking the J10 site from residues 497 to 518. All tested di-codon mutations completely abolished or significantly reduced viral infectivity, but they did so through disparate mechanisms. Several showed effects resembling those of J10, in that the mutant polymerase supported normal levels of viral RNA synthesis but nonetheless failed to generate infectious viral particles. Others eliminated polymerase activity, in most cases by perturbing the normal nuclear localization of PA protein in cells. We also engineered single-codon mutations that were predicted to pack near the J10 site in the crystal structure of PA, and found that altering residues K378 or D478 each produced a J10-like phenotype. In further studies of J10 itself, we found that this mutation does not affect the formation and release of virion-like particles per se, but instead impairs the ability of those particles to incorporate each of the eight essential RNA segments (vRNAs) that make up the viral genome. Taken together, our analysis identifies mutations in the C-terminal region of PA that differentially affect at least three distinct activities: protein nuclear localization, viral RNA synthesis, and a trans-acting function that is required for efficient packaging of all eight vRNAs

PEMANTAUN KONDISI INVERTEBRATA MENGGUNAKAN METODE REEF CHECK, DI PERAIRAN SELAT SEMPU, KABUPATEN MALANG

Reef Check merupakan sebuah organisasi yang didedikasikan untuk konservasi ekosistem terumbu karang dengan menggunakan metode pemantauan ekosistem terumbu karang dan lingkungan. Teknik yang digunakan sangat sederhana serta datanya dapat dipastikan kuat secara ilmiah. Data yang didapat berupa perhitungan penutupan jenis substrat, ikan, invertebrata, spesies langka dan dampak kerusakan. Invertebrata merupakan hewan bertulang belakang yang memiliki peranan penting dalam ekosistem terumbu karang. Data invertebrata yang diambil di lapang merupakan spesies ekonomis penting yang ada di Perairan Sendang Biru. Lokasi penelitian berada di wilayah Perairan Sendang Biru, Malang Selatan. Dilakukan pengambilan data di 4 stasiun pengamatan yakni, Teluk Semut 1, Teluk Semut 2, Fish Apartment, dan Watu Meja agar dapat dilakukan adanya perbandingan kelimpahan. Metode penelitian dengan menggunakan metode transek sabuk  sejauh 100 m pada 4 stasiun, dilakukan pengamatan dengan pola zig-zag dengan 5 kali pengulangan. Hasil dari monitoring 4 stasiun ini terdapat 2 ekor invertebrata Diadema urchin pada stasiun Teluk Semut 1 dan Teluk Semut 2, 3 ekor invertebrata Pencil urchin pada stasiun 3Fish Apartment, dan 2 ekor Kima dengan besar 10-20 cm pada stasiun Fish Apartment dan Watu Meja. Ketiga spesies invertebrata diatas mewakili semua invertebrata yang ditemukan di lokasi penelitian. Sedikitnya jumlah kelimpahan invertebrata yang ditemukan tersebut sebanding dengan kondisi kesehatan terumbu karang yang kurang baik dan rendahnya jumlah biota pada lokasi tersebut. Kondisi kesehatan karang yang rusak diakibatkan adanya aktivitas perikanan, bleaching, dan penyakit karang. Kegiatan monitoring mengenai invertebrata di daerah tersebut perlu dilakukan kembali secara berkala agar dapat mengetahui kondisi perairan tersebut dengan adanya kelimpahan pada invertebrata.  Kata kunci: Invertebrata, Reef Check, Selat Sempu  INVERTEBRATE MONITORING USING REEF CHECK METHOD IN SELAT SEMPU WATERS, MALANG ABSTRACTReef Check is an organization which dedicated to the conservation of coral reef ecosystems by using monitoring coral reef ecosystems and the environment method. The technique was simple and can be done by every one who had scientific. The data collected is the calculation of the cover substrates, fish, invertebrates, rare species and damage Invertebrates are vertebrates that have an important role in the ecosystem of coral reefs. invertebrates data which taken in the field is an economically important species in Sendang Biru. The data collected is the calculation of the closing type of substrates, fish, invertebrates, rare species and impacts that occur by looking at the research site conditions. The research location is in the area of Sendang Biru, South Malang. The data collection is done in four station in order to compare and get a calculation of the observations. The research method using belt transect as far as 100m on 4 stations, the observation done with a zig-zag pattern and visually observe the coral reff. Data collection was performed in five repetitions. The Result oh the monitoring in 4 stations, show 2 individual Diadema urchin on the Teluk Semut 1 and 2, 3 Individual of Pencil urchin on Fish Apartment station, and 2 Kima with a size 10-20cm on Fish Apartment and Watu Meja station. The least amount of invertebrate discovered show the ecological balance between the coral cover and fish populayion. The ecological condition of corals were damaged due to their fishing activities, bleaching and coral disease. Monitoring activities of the invertebrates in the area needs to be continue in order to determine the condition of these area.  Keywords : Invetebrate, Reef Check, Selat Semp

Mouth cancer: presentation, detection and referral in primary dental care

Mouth cancer can present as a variety of abnormalities and visible changes affecting the oral mucosa, including ulceration, swelling and areas of erythema. The five-year survival from mouth cancer is poor at approximately 50%. Detection of the cancer while less than 2 cm in diameter with no metastasis greatly improves the outcome for the patient. Although many cancers in the mouth develop from what was previously an apparently normal mucosa, some arise in pre-existing conditions that are therefore regarded as potentially malignant. Regular assessment of the soft tissues within the mouth and the neck for the presence of abnormalities is an essential component of primary dental care. Any persistent and unexplained abnormality requires referral for definitive diagnosis and specialist management

Excitonic Transitions and Off-resonant Optical Limiting in CdS Quantum Dots Stabilized in a Synthetic Glue Matrix

Stable films containing CdS quantum dots of mean size 3.4 nm embedded in a solid host matrix are prepared using a room temperature chemical route of synthesis. CdS/synthetic glue nanocomposites are characterized using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Significant blue shift from the bulk absorption edge is observed in optical absorption as well as photoacoustic spectra indicating strong quantum confinement. The exciton transitions are better resolved in photoacoustic spectroscopy compared to optical absorption spectroscopy. We assign the first four bands observed in photoacoustic spectroscopy to 1se–1sh, 1pe–1ph, 1de–1dhand 2pe–2phtransitions using a non interacting particle model. Nonlinear absorption studies are done using z-scan technique with nanosecond pulses in the off resonant regime. The origin of optical limiting is predominantly two photon absorption mechanism