Verbal and Non-Verbal Means of Expressing Neutrality in the Communicative Behavior of a Mediator

The article is devoted to the communicative behavior of a mediator, whose professional activity is subject to certain norms, rules and principles. The principle of neutrality in the communicative behavior of the mediator is considered in detail. The efforts of two specialists: a lawyer, a practicing mediator, and a linguist who completed a basic course of mediation is combined in the article. The confidentiality of information related to the mediation procedure determined the choice of the main research methods: linguistic self-observation in combination with reflection of professional experience and included observation of the choice of language, speech and non-verbal means in quasi-real training situations. The study identified verbal and non-verbal means that allow the mediator to remain impartial and independent in mediation. Verbal means of neutrality are analyzed at the macro and micro levels of the language system and the speech activity of the mediator. It was revealed that the principle of neutrality is manifested in the mediator's open message about his role as a neutral intermediary, as well as in special technological methods of mediation: echo technique, resume and idea development. On the subject of neutrality, sound reactions, kinetic, visual and spatial signals of the mediator are analyzed. The restrictions and prohibitions in the communicative behavior of the mediator are determined. The conclusion is drawn about the caution of using the considered tools in specific conflict / dispute situations

Polyurethane foams produced from pyrolysis oil - Production and possible application

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd Rigid polyurethane (PU) foams are widely used for instance in building insulation. Two component systems comprising of a polyol as component A and a diisocyanate as component B are generally applied. Both components are produced from fossil oil resources. The liquid products from fast pyrolysis of biomass contain a large variety of organic compounds with -OH functional groups. This gives rise to the idea to substitute the polyol component in PU foams with such biomass based intermediates. Pyrolysis condensates derived from woody and herbaceous biomass were dried and samples of PU foams were produced with varying amounts of condensate substituting the polyol component. Especially the foams made from condensates produced from straw showed good insulation properties, which were expressed as low thermal conductivity. Here, with a substitution degree of 80% a thermal conductivity of 0.0283 Wm−1K−1was achieved, which was 8% lower than for the foams produced from commercial components (0.0308 Wm−1K−1). Preliminary results for the measurement of compressive strength indicated that the required value of 150 kPa can easily be achieved, especially with a high degree of substitution. These results show a high potential for the application of bio-based intermediates in the building sector. Further research on other properties is necessary, but the main requirements for thermal conductivity are already met without optimization of the catalyst/stabilizer system

Heavy metal composition in the Plantago major L. from center of the Murmansk City, Kola Peninsula, Russia

Plantago major is an indicator of environmental pollution in the city. The plant grows along the traversed paths, close to the sidewalks. Contaminating substances accumulate on the leaves of the plantain. In the summer of 2016, samples of plants were collected in the central Murmansk region for analysis using a scanning electron microscope to identify dust particles on their surface, and to study leaves using the ICP-MS method to determination of heavy metals content. A relatively serious concentration of lead, zinc, copper, nickel as well as high arsenic and chromium content has been demonstrated in the city center, along with ties with human activities (vehicular traffic). High iron content is associated with peat soils used in the city for fertilization. The remaining metal content is relatively low

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРЕПАРАТА ВЕТОМ 20.76 НА ОСНОВЕ ХИЩНОГО ГРИБА ARTHROBOTRYS OLIGOSPORA НА УРОВЕНЬ ЛЕЙКОЦИТОВ В КРОВИ ГУСЕЙ

The paper demonstrates the results on the effect of new specimen Vetom 20.76 on concentration of leukocytes in the blood of geese on the basis of the predatory fungus Artusbotus oligospora. In order to achieve the goal of the experiment, one control group and six experimental groups were arranged on the principle of paired analogues. Each group contained 10 geese aged 1 month. The geese from the experimental groups received Vetom 20.76 in different doses in the morning with water once a day: the geese of the 1st experimental group - dose of 0.5 ppm/kg of live weight during 15 days; 2nd experimental group - 1 ppm/kg of live weight during 15 days; 3rd experimental group - 2 ppm/kg of live weight during 15 days, 4th experimental group - 0.5 ppm/kg live weight during 30 days, 5th experimental group - 1 ppm/kg live weight during 30 days and 6th - 2 ppm/kg live weight during 30 days. The geese of control group didn’t receive the specimen. The concentration of leukocytes in the blood of experimental geese increases in the period of specimen application as well as in the period of its aftereffect. If Vetom 20.76 is prescribed for 15 days, the effect of leukopoiesis stimulation finishes on the 30th day. If the specimen is applied during 30 days, the leukocytes in the blood continue to increase up to the 60th day. This long-term application of Vetom 20.76 dosed 0.5ppm/kg increases leucocytes within the physiological norm. Application of higher doses (1 and 2 ppm/kg) the leukocyte concentration conforms to the physiological normПредставлены данные о влиянии нового препарата Ветом 20.76 на основе хищного гриба Аrthrobotrys oligospora на концентрацию лейкоцитов в крови гусей. Для реализации цели исследования по принципу пар-аналогов были сформированы 1 контрольная и 6 опытных групп по 10 гусят в каждой в возрасте 1 месяца. Гусятам опытных групп применяли препарат Ветом 20.76 в различной дозировке в утренние часы с водой ежедневно 1 раз в сутки: гусятам 1-й опытной группы – в дозе 0,5 мкл/кг живой массы тела в течение 15 суток, 2-й– 1 мкл/кг живой массы тела в течение 15 суток, 3-й – 2 мкл/кг живой массы тела в течение 15 суток, 4-й – 0,5 мкл/кг живой массы тела в течение 30 суток, 5-й – 1 мкл/кг живой массы тела в течение 30 суток и 6-й – 2 мкл/кг живой массы тела в течение 30 суток. Гусям контрольной группы указанный препарат не назначали. Концентрация лейкоцитов в крови опытных гусей повышается как в период применения препарата, так и в период последействия. При назначении Ветома 20.76 в течение 15 суток эффект стимуляции лейкопоэза прекращается на 30-е сутки. При применении препарата в течение 30 суток продолжает происходить повышение лейкоцитов в крови до 60-х суток. При таком длительном применении Ветома 20.76 в дозе 0,5 мкл/кг повышение происходит в пределах физиологической нормы, а при использовании бо́ льших доз (1 и 2 мкл/кг) концентрация лейкоцитов превышает физиологическую норму

Combined Xenon and Epidural Anesthesia During Surgical Correction of Joint Deformities in the Lower Extremities of Children with Cerebral Palsy

Objectives. The objective of this study is to compare different methods of combination general and regional anesthesia based on xenon.Materials and methods. Xenon anesthesia combined with epidural block was performed in 50 children with cerebral palsy aged 3–17 years. In 30 patients xenon was used to maintain anesthesia, in 20 children xenon was combined with sevoflurane. We compared the process of anesthesia, the intraoperative hemodynamic parameters and cognitive status before surgery and after it.Results. The use of xenon in all studied anesthesia methods increased the cardiac performance and was associated with a stable hemodynamic profile at all stages of anesthesia despite the depressive effect of epidural blockade on hemodynamics. Psychological testing revealed that xenon anesthesia has no negative effect on cognitive functions in children with cerebral palsy.Conclusion. Xenon anesthesia is a promising trend in anesthesia care for children with cerebral palsy. Xenon can compensate the hemodynamic depression caused by epidural anesthesia due to its cardiac stimulant property, with no neurotoxicity being a significant benefit for children with initial damage of CNS. However, anesthesia with xenon turned out to have some disadvantages. In our study, xenon showed insufficient analgesic properties, had emetic properties and was associated with spirometric abnormalities. It was more difficult to maintain normal ventilation parameters in young children when using xenon. Several adverse events were noted in the recovery period. These disadvantages can be partially reduced by using a combination of xenon and sevoflurane

Spin Dynamics and Ground State of the Frustrated Diamond Lattice Magnet CoAl<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> as seen by ²⁷Al NMR

© 2016 Springer-Verlag WienWe report an experimental study of the low-temperature dynamics of electron spin fluctuations in the magnetically frustrated spinel CoAl2O4 as revealed by 27Al nuclear magnetic relaxation measurements in a magnetic field of 7.7 T in the temperature range 4 < T < 240 K. With this local probe technique, we show that the dynamics of the correlated Co spins strongly depends on the frustration of spin interactions and on Co/Al site disorder. The anisotropy of the temperature dependences of the spin–lattice (T1−1) and spin–spin (T2−1) 27Al nuclear relaxation rates reveals a coexistence of the short-range Néel order below a characteristic temperature T* = 8 K and slow non-commensurate magnetic correlations below and above T*, in agreement with the results of neutron diffraction experiments and our previous NMR spectroscopy data

Signatures of a magnetic field-induced unconventional nematic liquid in the frustrated and anisotropic spin-chain cuprate LiCuSbO4

Modern theories of quantum magnetism predict exotic multipolar states in weakly interacting strongly frustrated spin-1/2 Heisenberg chains with ferromagnetic nearest neighbor (NN) inchain exchange in high magnetic fields. Experimentally these states remained elusive so far. Here we report strong indications of a magnetic field-induced nematic liquid arising above a field of ~13 T in the edge-sharing chain cuprate LiSbCuO4 ≡ LiCuSbO4. This interpretation is based on the observation of a field induced spin-gap in the measurements of the 7Li NMR spin relaxation rate T1−1 as well as a contrasting field-dependent power-law behavior of T1−1 vs. T and is further supported by static magnetization and ESR data. An underlying theoretical microscopic approach favoring a nematic scenario is based essentially on the NN XYZ exchange anisotropy within a model for frustrated spin-1/2 chains and is investigated by the DMRG technique. The employed exchange parameters are justified qualitatively by electronic structure calculations for LiCuSbO4

Spin Dynamics and Ground State of the Frustrated Diamond Lattice Magnet CoAl<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> as seen by ²⁷Al NMR

© 2016, Springer-Verlag Wien.We report an experimental study of the low-temperature dynamics of electron spin fluctuations in the magnetically frustrated spinel CoAl2O4 as revealed by 27Al nuclear magnetic relaxation measurements in a magnetic field of 7.7 T in the temperature range 4 < T < 240 K. With this local probe technique, we show that the dynamics of the correlated Co spins strongly depends on the frustration of spin interactions and on Co/Al site disorder. The anisotropy of the temperature dependences of the spin–lattice (T1−1) and spin–spin (T2−1) 27Al nuclear relaxation rates reveals a coexistence of the short-range Néel order below a characteristic temperature T* = 8 K and slow non-commensurate magnetic correlations below and above T*, in agreement with the results of neutron diffraction experiments and our previous NMR spectroscopy data

Ground state and low-energy magnetic dynamics in the frustrated magnet CoAl<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> as revealed by local spin probes

© 2015 American Physical Society. We report a combined experimental study of magnetic properties of a single crystal of the frustrated diamond lattice antiferromagnet CoAl2O4 with Co2+ electron spin resonance, 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance, and muon spin rotation/relaxation techniques. With our local probes, we show that the frustration of spin interactions and the Co/Al site disorder strongly affect the spin dynamics. The experimental results evidence inhomogeneous and slow magnetic fluctuations and the occurrence of short-range electron spin correlations far above a characteristic temperature T∗=8 K at which the spin system turns into in a quasistatic state. Our data indicate that this spin order is likely short range and unconventional with spin fluctuations persistent even at T 蠐 T∗. The results of three spectroscopy techniques highlight a nontrivial role of structural disorder for the magnetism of a frustrated diamond spin lattice at the proximity to the critical point