Nuevo procedimiento de dosificación de los morteros y hormigones fraguados con aplicación de computadores digitales. (Comparación del método con el «Método Completo para el Análisis Químico del Hormigón Endurecido» del CEMBUREAU)

Not availableSe presenta en este trabajo un nuevo procedimiento de dosificación de los conglomerados endurecidos, con validez general, cualquiera que sea el tipo de cemento o la clase de árido que contenga. El método se plantea libre de hipótesis a priori y se determinan simultáneamente la dosificación de cemento, la de árido, la composición química del cemento anhidro y el grado de hidratación alcanzado por el cemento. Las incógnitas halladas no se consideran en forma aislada, sino como un conjunto cuyas partes han de armonizar entre sí. Se aplica el método a un hormigón que contiene material silíceo y calizo solubles como árido y se comparan los resultados con los obtenidos según el “Método Completo para el Análisis Químico del Hormigón Endurecido” del CEMBUREAU

Algunas consideraciones acerca de la determinación acidimétrica de bicarbonato cálcico en presencia de bicarbonato sódico en aguas naturales que contienen cloruros y sulfatos de calcio y magnesio

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La determinación del contenido en yeso hemihidrato y dihidrato en los cementos por análisis térmico

Not availableLehman (1) y Rieke (2) han señalado que la deshidratación térmica del yeso dihidrato es grandemente influenciada por la presión parcial del vapor de agua en la atmósfera que lo rodea, indicando que en presencia de una débil presión de vapor de agua se deshidrata directamente a anhidrita III (soluble)

Ventricular fibrillation detection in ventricular fibrillation signals corrupted by cardiopulmonary resuscitation artifact

This study is focused on the removal of artifacts due to Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) on Ventricular Fibrillation ECG signals. The aim is to allow a reliable analysis of the cardiac rhythm by an AED or the defibrillation success analysis during CPR episodes. The research is based on a human model for the CPR artifact and the VF ECG signals. The test signals were generated adding the CPR artifact (noise) to the VF (signal), with a known Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). The results of the adaptive Kalman filtering have been obtained according to three different levels: SNR improvement; Sensitivity improvement in the AED algorithm for the detection of shockable rhythm; and Variations of the significant frequencies, compared to the values obtained with the original VF signals. In all cases, remarkable results have been achieved regarding to the efficiency in the artifact removal. 1

Estudio de las transformaciones del cemento aluminoso hidratado mediante las técnicas de Difracción de Rayos X, Espectrometría Infrarroja y Análisis Térmico. Influencia del anhídrido carbónico, temperatura, humedad y adición de caliza en polvo (continuación)

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Estudio de las transformaciones del cemento aluminoso hidratado mediante las técnicas de Difracción de Rayos X, Espectrometría Infrarroja y Análisis Térmico. Influencia del anhídrido carbónico, temperatura, humedad y adición de caliza en polvo

Not availableSe ha dicho muchas veces que los conglomerantes hidráulicos son un "algo vivo". Esta designación es algo más que la expresión gráfica de una sucesión de reacciones que nacen en una mezcla de agua y cemento y que finalizan en un lejano estado termodinámicamente estable: entre uno y otro momento, es decir, durante su evolución, pueden aparecer fases del proceso con características resistentes menores que las previstas. El conocimiento, tanto del mecanismo de esta evolución como de los factores ambientales que la condicionan, constituye un arma eficaz para prevenir enfermedades de la construcción capaces de originar pérdidas de resistencias en las estructuras de puentes, pilares, zapatas, vigas, etc., con su consiguiente destrucción al no poder soportar las cargas para las que fueron proyectadas. Esta destrucción comporta no sólo pérdidas económicas, sino, en ocasiones, otro tipo de pérdidas más valiosas: vidas humanas

Waveform Capnography for Monitoring Ventilation during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: The Problem of Chest Compression Artifact

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is the sudden cessation of the heart’s effective pumping function, confirmed by the absence of pulse and breathing. Without appropriate treatment, it leads to sudden cardiac death, considered responsible for half of the global cardiac disease deaths. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a key intervention during SCA. Current resuscitation guidelines emphasize the use of waveform capnography during CPR in order to enhance CPR quality and improve patient outcomes. Capnography represents the concentration of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) in respiratory gases and reflects ventilation and perfusion of the patient. Waveform capnography should be used for confirming the correct placement of the tracheal tube and monitoring ventilation. Other potential uses of capnography in resuscitation involve monitoring CPR quality, early identification of restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and determination of patient prognosis. An important role of waveform capnography is ventilation rate monitoring to prevent overventilation. However, some studies have reported the appearance of high-frequency oscillations synchronized with chest compressions superimposed on the capnogram. This chapter explores the incidence of chest compression artifact in out-of-hospital capnograms, assesses its negative influence in the automated detection of ventilations, and proposes several methods to enhance ventilation detection and capnography waveform

Cholangiocarcinoma progression depends on the uptake and metabolization of extracellular lipids

[Background and Aims] Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) includes a heterogeneous group of biliary cancers with a dismal prognosis. We investigated if lipid metabolism is disrupted in CCA and its role in tumor proliferation.[Approach and Results] The in vitro and in vivo tumorigenic capacity of five human CCA cell lines was analyzed. Proteome, lipid content, and metabolic fluxes were evaluated in CCA cells and compared with normal human cholangiocytes (NHC). The Akt1/NOTCH1 intracellular cytoplasmic domain (Nicd1)-driven CCA mouse model was also evaluated. The proteome of CCA cells was enriched in pathways involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. The EGI1 CCA cell line presented the highest tumorigenic capacity. Metabolic studies in high (EGI1) versus low (HUCCT1) proliferative CCA cells in vitro showed that both EGI1 and HUCCT1 incorporated more fatty acids (FA) than NHC, leading to increased triglyceride storage, also observed in Akt1/Nicd1-driven CCA mouse model. The highly proliferative EGI1 CCA cells showed greater uptake of very-low-density and HDLs than NHC and HUCCT1 CCA cells and increased cholesteryl ester content. The FA oxidation (FAO) and related proteome enrichment were specifically up-regulated in EGI1, and consequently, pharmacological blockade of FAO induced more pronounced inhibition of their tumorigenic capacity compared with HUCCT1. The expression of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase ACADM, the first enzyme involved in FAO, was increased in human CCA tissues and correlated with the proliferation marker PCNA.[Conclusions] Highly proliferative human CCA cells rely on lipid and lipoprotein uptake to fuel FA catabolism, suggesting that inhibition of FAO and/or lipid uptake could represent a therapeutic strategy for this CCA subclass.This work was supported by “Ayudas para apoyar grupos de investigación del sistema Universitario Vasco” (IT971‐16 to PA), MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE (2018‐095134‐B‐100 to PA and by the University of Basque Country COLAB20/01 to PA; Spanish Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII) (FIS PI15/01132, PI18/01075, PI21/00922, and Miguel Servet Program CON14/00129 and CPII19/00008 to JMB; FIS PI14/00399, PI17/00022 and PI20/00186 to MJP; Sara Borrell [CD19/00254 to PMR]) cofinanced by “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional” (FEDER); CIBERehd (ISCIII) to JMB, MJP, PMR, PA and LB); “Diputación Foral Gipuzkoa” (DFG15/010, DFG16/004 to JMB and 2020‐CIEN‐000067‐01 to PMR), Department of Health of the Basque Country (2019111024 to MJP, 2017111010 to JMB, and 2020111077 to JMB and PA), “Euskadi RIS3” (2016222001, 2017222014, 2018222029, 2019222054, 2020333010 to JMB), BIOEF (Basque Foundation for Innovation and Health Research: EiTB Maratoia BIO15/CA/016/BD to JMB) and Department of Industry of the Basque Country (Elkartek: KK‐2020/00008 to JMB); La Caixa Scientific Foundation (HR17‐00601 to JMB). “Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer” (AECC Scientific Foundation, to JMB). AMMF‐The Cholangiocarcinoma Charity (EU/2019/AMMFt/001, to JMB and PMR). MRDG was funded by “Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer” (AECC de Bizkaia), MJP was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO: “Ramón y Cajal” Program RYC‐2015‐17755), IL, AL and FG‐R by the Basque Government (PRE_2016_1_0152, PRE_2018_2_0195 and PRE 2020 2 02500, respectively), AN‐Z and BG‐S by the UPV/EHU, AB‐V by “Programa de especialización de Personal Investigador Doctor” at the UPV/EHU (2019‐2020) and MA by the MCIU/AEI/FEDER