Where is in a Name? A Survey of Mobility in Information-Centric Networks

Host mobility has been a long standing challenge in the current Internet architecture. Huge proportions of traffic are now attributed to mobile devices [1]; however, despite this promi-nence, mobility often remains a badly handled concept. Some have recently argued that the main reason for this lies in its choice of what to name [2]. The Internet Protocol (IP

A preliminary investigation of phytoplankton of karstic pools (Dugi otok island, Croatia)

Phytoplankton in the karstic pools of Croatian islands has not been investigated in recent times. This paper describes phytoplankton and environmental conditions in three karstic pools on Dugi Otok island (Dalmatia). The pools are small (ca 20 m2) and shallow (max. depth 2 m), with Charophytes and vascular plants covering the bottoms. Eighty-five taxa of net phytoplankton were recorded. These included 22 Cyanobacteria, 14 Chlorophyceae, 17 Charophyceae (Zygnematales), 15 Euglenophyceae, and 17 Bacillariophyceae. Low species richness is owed to the predominance of Cyanobacteria. Despite their similar physicochemical regimes, the pools had different phytoplankton communities. The data presented here contribute baseline information concerning biological diversity, essential for evaluation of environmental changes in the future. Conservation of karstic pools is one way to preserve the overall biodiversity of karstic islands

The Effect of Natural Antioxidants on Quality and Shelf Life of Beef and Beef Products

Oksidacijski procesi su glavni razlog kvarenja mesa i kraće trajnosti mesnih proizvoda i uzrokuju nepoželjne promjene hranjive vrijednosti te senzorskih i fizikalno-kemijskih svojstava mesa. Dosad su se za sprječavanje oksidacijskih procesa najčešće koristili sintetski antioksidansi poput butil-hidroksianisola (BHA), koji mogu predstavljati rizik za zdravlje ljudi te povećati toksičnost proizvoda. Međutim, prirodni antioksidansi mogu riješiti taj problem jer su biljke i biljni materijal bogati bioaktivnim spojevima (prirodnim antioksidansima) koji mogu pozitivno utjecati na zdravlje. Nadalje, zanimanje potrošača za prirodne proizvode i dalje je u porastu, pri čemu se očekuje da se sintetski antioksidansi i konzervansi zamijene prirodnim. Svrha je ovog preglednog rada prikazati učinak prirodnih antioksidanasa, i to povrća i voća kao što su masline, nar i grožđe, ali i ljekovitog bilja i začina poput ružmarina, origana, kadulje, kima i crnog kima ili kurkume, bogatih bioaktivnim spojevima, na kakvoću i trajnost goveđeg mesa i njegovih prerađevina.Oxidation processes are the major cause of deterioration of meat quality and shelf life of meat products, leading to negative changes in nutritive value and in sensory and physicochemical properties of meat. Until now, the synthetic antioxidants like butylated hydroxyl anisole have been commonly used to prevent oxidation, which however may cause potential human health risks and increase toxicity of the product. However, natural antioxidants can be the alternative solution for this problem since plants and plant materials are rich in bioactive compounds (as natural antioxidants) with potential health beneficial effects. Moreover, the interest of consumers in using natural products is still increasing. There is an expectation of replacing synthetic antioxidants and preservatives by natural ones. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to provide information on the effect of natural antioxidants from vegetables and fruits like olives, pomegranate or grapes, and herbs and spices like rosemary, oregano, sage, black cumin or turmeric, rich in bioactive compounds on quality and shelf life of beef and beef products

Antimicrobial resistance and genotyping of Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) from intensive production farms of the city of Lima, Peru

El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar 20 cepas de Salmonella enterica a nivel molecular y de resistencia antimicrobiana. De estas, 15 fueron obtenidas de cuyes infectados y cinco de cuyes clínicamente sanos, procedentes de dos centros de producción intensiva ubicados en Lima, Perú. Mediante una técnica de PCR múltiple se detectaron los genes invA, prot6E y fliC, correspondientes al género Salmonella y serovares Enteritidis y Typhimurium, respectivamente. Se detectó la variabilidad genética mediante la técnica BOX-PCR utilizando el primer BOXA1R. La resistencia fue evaluada utilizando la técnica de Kirby Bauer en base a eritromicina, nitrofurantoína, estreptomicina, penicilina, enrofloxacina, fosfomicina, amoxicilina con ácido clavulánico, sulfatrimetoprim y ciprofloxacina. Se determinó la serovariedad Typhimurium en el 100% de los aislados. La evaluación de los perfiles electroforéticos obtenidos por la técnica de BOX-PCR demostró alta homogeneidad, con patrones de bandas de ADN similares. Se detectaron cepas resistentes a eritromicina 60% (12/20), nitrofurantoína 40% (8/20), estreptomicina 30% (6/ 20), penicilina 25% (5/20), y enrofloxacina 10% (2/20). La detección de cepas resistentes puede ocasionar problemas en el tratamiento de salmonelosis en cuyes y la presencia de un solo grupo genético sugiere una dispersión clonal.The aim of this study was to characterize 20 strains of Salmonella enterica at molecular level and antimicrobial resistance. Of these, 15 strains were obtained from infected guinea pigs and five from clinically healthy guinea pigs from two intensive production centers located in Lima, Peru. The invA, prot6E and fliC genes corresponding to the genus Salmonella and serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium, respectively, were detected by a multiple PCR technique. Genetic variability was detected using the BOX-PCR technique using the first BOXA1R. Resistance was evaluated using the Kirby Bauer technique based on erythromycin, nitrofurantoin, streptomycin, penicillin, enrofloxacin, fosfomycin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, sulfatrimetoprim and ciprofloxacin. Serotype Typhimurium was determined in 100% of the isolates. The evaluation of the electrophoretic profiles obtained by the BOX-PCR technique demonstrated high homogeneity, with similar DNA bands patterns. Strains resistant to erythromycin 60% (12/20), nitrofurantoin 40% (8/20), streptomycin 30% (6/20), penicillin 25% (5/20), and enrofloxacin 10% (2/20) were detected. The detection of resistant strains may cause problems in the treatment of salmonellosis in guinea pigs and the presence of only a genetic group suggests a clonal dispersion

Household, community, sub-national and country-level predictors of primary cooking fuel switching in nine countries from the PURE study

Introduction. Switchingfrom polluting (e.g. wood, crop waste, coal)to clean (e.g. gas, electricity) cooking fuels can reduce household air pollution exposures and climate-forcing emissions.While studies have evaluated specific interventions and assessed fuel-switching in repeated cross-sectional surveys, the role of different multilevel factors in household fuel switching, outside of interventions and across diverse community settings, is not well understood. Methods.We examined longitudinal survey data from 24 172 households in 177 rural communities across nine countries within the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study.We assessed household-level primary cooking fuel switching during a median of 10 years offollow up (∼2005–2015).We used hierarchical logistic regression models to examine the relative importance of household, community, sub-national and national-level factors contributing to primary fuel switching. Results. One-half of study households(12 369)reported changing their primary cookingfuels between baseline andfollow up surveys. Of these, 61% (7582) switchedfrom polluting (wood, dung, agricultural waste, charcoal, coal, kerosene)to clean (gas, electricity)fuels, 26% (3109)switched between different polluting fuels, 10% (1164)switched from clean to polluting fuels and 3% (522)switched between different clean fuels

On server dimensioning for hybrid P2P content distribution networks

One of the key questions in dimensioning a hybrid P2P content distribution system is that of the required infrastructure support in terms of server bandwidth. In this paper, we develop and propose simple mathematical models for analyzing and dimensioning hybrid peer-to-peer content distribution networks. We first use a deterministic fluid model to capture the essential peer and server dynamics within a single swarm, and subsequently derive a stochastic fluid model to capture the dynamics in the case of multiple swarms, i.e., concurrent swarms of a number of content objects. Based on the models, we derive solutions for estimating the server capacity required to support a single swarm as well as a number of concurrent file swarms at a given level of service quality. Numerical results demonstrate how a hybrid P2P approach can yield substantial performance gains and capacity savings compared to a pure client/server system, with churn rate and upload bandwidth being critical factors. Compared to a pure peer-to-peer scenario, the hybrid approach can dramatically boost the performance and improve reliability