Tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, and the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to remain a major health problem in India in spite of achieving nationwide coverage with directly observed therapy since 2006. The estimated incidence of 2.2 million TB cases and a prevalence of 2.5 million in the year 2015 make India the country with the highest burden of TB in the world. In addition, it is estimated that a substantial part of the healthy population (up to 40%) has latent (inactive) TB. India had estimated 2.1 million people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the year 2015...HIV and TB coinfection creates a perfect storm in terms of poor outcomes secondary to the multiple challenges in the management of these two infections