A preliminary transcriptomic approach to elucidate post harvest ripening of plum fruit

The aim of the present study was to dissect common and/or diverse mechanisms regulating plum (Prunus salicina) fruit ripening in genotypes characterized by different patterns of ethylene production. Fruit of an ethylenesuppressed cultivar ('Shiro') and a cultivar characterized by the typical increase of ethylene production during fruit ripening ('Santa Rosa') were harvested at commercial maturity stage and allowed to further ripen at room temperature (23°C) up to 4 days. While non-detectable amounts of ethylene were recorded in 'Shiro' fruit, a typical climacteric behavior was observed in 'Santa Rosa' plums. For comparative purposes, the peach microarray μPEACH 1.0 containing 4,806 oligonucleotides corresponding to an equal number of genes expressed in peach fruit was employed for transcript profiling during postharvest ripening of both cultivars. Intriguingly, transcript levels of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis, primarily 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, appeared to increase during the progress of 'Shiro' fruit ripening, following the same pattern as in 'Santa Rosa' plums. These data suggest that an induction of the ethylene biosynthetic pathway is present also in plum cultivars in which the burst of ethylene is not detectable. Expression levels of other genes implicated in auxin metabolism, antioxidant system and stress response followed the same pattern in both cultivars. Overall, this preliminary transcriptomic approach tried to elucidate the flow of events that accompany postharvest ripening of plum cultivars with diverse properties in relation to ethylene evolutio

HUBUNGAN PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN USAHA AGRIBISNIS PERDESAAN (PUAP) TERHADAP KINERJA KELOMPOK TANI DI KECAMATAN SERAWAIKABUPATEN SINTANG

This research aim to analyse correlation program of Development Effort Agribisnis Countryside (PUAP) to Productivity Group Farmer in District Serawai and to know and analyse correlation program Development Effort Agribisnis Countryside (PUAP) to make-up of Productivity, Production, Revenue, Earnings and Cost of Farming in District  Serawai. Hypothesis the raised is Anticipated farmer which accept fund of PUAP, productivity, production, revenue, earnings and cost of farmer bigger than a farmer which do not accept fund of PUAP in District Serawai. Anticipated thecorrelation program of Development Effort Agribisnis Countryside (PUAP)  to make-up of farming production and earnings of farmer in District  Serawai. This Research use descriptive method with quantitative approach. Data collected by dividing kuesioner to responder and with interview to elite figure and responder. Research executed in Bedaha countryside and Tunas Harapan countryside in January to March 2013. Population which is taken in this research  four farmer group in Bedaha countryside and four farmer group in Tunas Harapan countryside. Taken Sampel by purposive counted 20 responder people each lot farmer. Amount of entirety sampel is 160 people. Conclusion, this research prove that farmer which accept fund of PUAP, productivity, production of farming and earnings of farmer bigger than a farmer which do not accept fund of PUAP in District Serawai. Raised by Suggestion is adjacent and tuition on an ongoing basis very expected by local farmer. Or courses training which must be passed to program receiver farmer, this is meant farmer to be able to exploit PUAP fund according to order.   Keyword: Productivity, Production, Revenue, Earnings, Cos

A Comparison of Different Methods for Rna and Dna Extraction From Formalin – Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues From Different Cancer Samples

RNA and DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is problematic due to chemical modifications and continued degradation over time. we compared quantity of RNA extracted by two different protocols from 14 recently archived from patients suffered from different cancers distributed among formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissues ,thyroid cancer tissues and Cervical uterus carcinoma tissues by using Guanidine isothiocyanate (GTC)with phenol-chloroform (protocol-1) and Silica Gel Column(SGC) dependent on spin column purification-based ( protocol- 2), to assess, which technique is the most efficient and reproducible in terms of total yield and purity.  The results showed RNA isolated with SGC technique was characterized by higher mean concentration in a range (80-180) µg/ml ,but it  give positive results to 12 sample with degradation in comparison with RNA isolated by the (GTC) technique (protocol-1), comparison with total RNA extraction from human blood ( two distinguished bands ) .In this study comparative methods have been performed to analyze the efficiency for extraction and purification of Genomic DNA from six selective FFPE Tissues samples, revealing that the extraction of DNA by using  extraction  modified method give good result  with yield  higher mean concentration of DNA in a range (160-260) µg/ml.The lysis of FFPE Tissues  was enhanced by increased the concentration of proteinase K to30 mg\ml for 2 hour at 65C, which considered the best time for lysis tissues  and heated comparable with results that obtained from lysis tissues by using 20mg\ml for (24 -48 hours) at 55