Factors associated with glycaemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has become one of the most serious global health problems recently. The Malaysian National Diabetes Registry has reported that 76.2% of the population have poor glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥6.5%). Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the association between sociodemographic and medical profiles with glycaemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in five health clinics in the Tampin district. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in five health clinics in the Tampin district, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Three hundred and twenty four type 2 diabetes mellitus patients participated in this study. A face-to face interview was conducted with each respondent using validated questionnaire. Descriptive analyses, such as the chi square test, were performed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 22 software. Results: The response rate was 90%. The percentage of poor glycaemic control was 66.4%. They were associated with age (χ²=10.405, p 0.006), marital status (χ ²=5.718, p 0.017), and education status (χ²=7.312, p 0.026). In addition, types of medication intake (χ²=18.058, p=<0.001), family history (χ²=7.234, p 0.007), and co-morbidities (χ²=5.718, p 0.017) are also associated with the percentage. Conclusion: The majority of the respondents of this study had poor glycaemic control. The factors that contribute to the poor glycaemic control are among respondents who are: of older age (≥65 years); single/widowed/separated/divorced; of non-formal education; on insulin alone / combination of oral agent and insulin; no family history; and do not experience co-morbidities. For the future wellbeing of all type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, a good glycaemic control is important. Therefore, plans with appropriate significance on early preventive measures to diabetic treatment need to be strengthened in order to boost quality of life among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Rekayasa Kualitas Air pada Budidaya Ikan Teknologi Bioflok di Lahan Pekarangan Pondok Pesantren Hidayatullah Kelurahan Guntung Manggis Kec. Landasan Ulin Kota Banjarbaru

Jumlah santri Pondok Pesantren Hidayatullah sebanyak 102 orang, 23 diantaranya mondok dan sisanya 79 bermukim di sekitar Pondok.&nbsp; Siswa yang mondok tidak dikenakan biaya, karena berasal dari keluarga yang tidak mampu. Sumber dana kegiatan Pondok Pesantren Hidayatullah berasal dari donator tetap dan tidak tetap, namun masih belum mencukupi. Untuk keberlanjutan kegiatan pondok pengembangan kemampuan pembiayaan sendiri melalui pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan yang melalui budidaya ikan sistem bioflok. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam PKM ini adalah pendekatan partisipasi kelompok atau Partisipatory Rural Apprasial (PRA), yaitu melibatkan semua peserta dalam seluruh tahapan kegiatan. Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan meliputi: penyuluhan/ceramah, demonstrasi-partisipatif, pendampingan, dan evaluasi untuk melihat efektivitas program dalam pencapaian luaran kegiatan. Hasil evaluasi terhadap pelaksanaan kegiatan menunjukkan Pengelola Pondok Pesantren dan santri mampu melakukan usaha budidaya ikan teknologi bioflok secara mandiri tanpa bimbingan. Pengelola Pondok Pesantren dan santri memahami dan terampil melakukan tahapan-tahapan usaha budidaya ikan dengan teknologi bioflok yang dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber pendapatan atau untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan pondok sehari-hari sehingga dapat mengurangi biaya operasional pondok pesantren