Design and Performance Validation of Vapour Absorption Solar Air Conditioning System

The Solar based absorption systems are used for the reduction of power load that is caused because of the utilization of the compressors. There have been different absorption sets that are tried for space cooling applications by bringing in different solar based heat inputs. The NH3 � H2O based absorption system need a working temperature of 120�C to 150�C, and requires concentrators with tracking and attracting higher qualities, however NH3 � H2O vapour absorption systems can operate at lower temperatures and can utilize FPC or ETC solar water heating frameworks as generators. In the near future, this will bring in low cost and low maintenance. The single effect 1 KW, NH3 � H2O absorption system with evacuated tube solar collector is attempted in this research work. The testing of the system and comparison of COPs with standard vapour absorption Solar Air Conditioning system are done

Thermal Energy analysis using TRNSYS in PCM Storage Tank

Energy is released from different processes into environment everyday across the globe. With the augmentation of the population it isn�t realistic to expect the energy demand to decrease, therefore currently available energy should be used more efficiently .In that sense, latent heat storage (LHS) has been popularized in last few decades because it can improve energy savings of thermal energy systems. The present paper contributes in showing the effects on system of including phase change materials(PCM) in a thermal energy system. System analyzed here is hot water tank for domestic use purposes. Analysis of system has been done using simulation program TRNSYS. Results come in a form of graphs that show charging and discharging times, quantities of energy stored, and temperature profile of watertank

JBiopest 7(1):47-51(2014) Management of pink hibiscus mealybug JBiopest 5(1): 1-6 © 438 Association of ants with pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) and its influence on predatory fauna in mulberry ecosystem

ABSTRACT The pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a major sucking pest of mulberry, infests tender shoot and causes bunchy top which leads to retarded growth of the plants. The leaves in the infested shoots become unfit for young age silkworm rearing. Infestation of M. hirsutus is often associated with attendant ants and they help spreading of the pest besides protecting from natural enemies. Thus, a study on the association of ants with M. hirsutus and their influence on the predatory fauna in mulberry gardens was carried out in southern Tamil Nadu. Four ant species viz. Monomorium indicum, Solenopsis geminata, Tapinoma sessile and Camponotus compressus were found to have association with the pink mealy bug in mulberry garden. Among the species, M. indicum was found predominant accounting for an average of 37.78 numbers per mealybug infested shoot whereas the rest of the species S. geminata (3.3), T. sessile (1.67) and C. compressus (0.56) were exhibited least association. The average mealy bug population was comparatively higher in ant attended colonies (61.22) than unattended ones (49.22). The population of predatory fauna decreased significantly (0.96) on ants association compared to the mealy bug infested shoots free from the ants (4.75) which indicates the deterring potentiality of the attendant ants. Destruction of the predominant M. indicum colonies in mulberry ecosystem could help increase the field activities of predatory fauna against M. hirsutus

DNA barcodes can distinguish species of Indian mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae

ABSTRACT Species identiÞcation of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) based on morphological characteristics remains often difÞcult in Þeld-collected mosquito specimens in vector-borne disease surveillance programs. The use of DNA barcodes has been proposed recently as a tool for identiÞcation of the species in many diverse groups of animals. However, the efÞcacy of this tool for mosquitoes remains unexplored. Hence, a study was undertaken to construct DNA barcodes for several species of mosquitoes prevalent in India, which included major vector species. In total, 111 specimens of mosquitoes belonging to 15 genera, morphologically identiÞed to be 63 species, were used. This number also included multiple specimens for 22 species. DNA barcode approach based on DNA sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene sequences could identify 62 species among these, in conÞrmation with the conventional taxonomy. However, two closely related species, Ochlerotatus portonovoensis (Tiwari & Hiriyan) and Ochlerotatus wardi (Reinert) could not be identiÞed as separate species based on DNA barcode approach, their lineages indicating negligible genetic divergence (Kimura two-parameter genetic distance ϭ 0.0043)

Characterization 410 Stainless Steel by Vacuum Tempering Process

It has been reported that low-temperature vacuum tempering of 410 stainless steel hard layer improving wear resistance and hardness. Grade 410 stainless steel being a hardened material were modified by low temperature tempering process. By the process of tempering, brittleness on the stainless steel material will be reduced and ductility will be promoted. The microstructure, surface hardness and erosion-corrosion resistance were systematically evaluated. Vacuum tempering is done at low temperature of 430℃ can form a hardened layer, and with the treated time prolong, the thickness of the layer increased. The stainless specimens were vacuum tempered for 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 120 minutes. Wear tests were conducted with the help of pin on disc apparatus. The output results were determined with various metallographic tests like scanning electron microscope and optical microscope results

The genetic interaction network of CCW12, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene required for cell wall integrity during budding and formation of mating projections

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mannoproteins construct the outer cover of the fungal cell wall. The covalently linked cell wall protein Ccw12p is an abundant mannoprotein. It is considered as crucial structural cell wall component since in baker's yeast the lack of <it>CCW12 </it>results in severe cell wall damage and reduced mating efficiency.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In order to explore the function of <it>CCW12</it>, we performed a Synthetic Genetic Analysis (SGA) and identified genes that are essential in the absence of <it>CCW12</it>. The resulting interaction network identified 21 genes involved in cell wall integrity, chitin synthesis, cell polarity, vesicular transport and endocytosis. Among those are <it>PFD1</it>, <it>WHI3</it>, <it>SRN2</it>, <it>PAC10</it>, <it>FEN1 </it>and <it>YDR417C</it>, which have not been related to cell wall integrity before. We correlated our results with genetic interaction networks of genes involved in glucan and chitin synthesis. A core of genes essential to maintain cell integrity in response to cell wall stress was identified. In addition, we performed a large-scale transcriptional analysis and compared the transcriptional changes observed in mutant <it>ccw12</it>Δ with transcriptomes from studies investigating responses to constitutive or acute cell wall damage. We identified a set of genes that are highly induced in the majority of the mutants/conditions and are directly related to the cell wall integrity pathway and cell wall compensatory responses. Among those are <it>BCK1</it>, <it>CHS3</it>, <it>EDE1</it>, <it>PFD1</it>, <it>SLT2 </it>and <it>SLA1 </it>that were also identified in the SGA. In contrast, a specific feature of mutant <it>ccw12</it>Δ is the transcriptional repression of genes involved in mating. Physiological experiments substantiate this finding. Further, we demonstrate that Ccw12p is present at the cell periphery and highly concentrated at the presumptive budding site, around the bud, at the septum and at the tip of the mating projection.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The combination of high throughput screenings, phenotypic analyses and localization studies provides new insight into the function of Ccw12p. A compensatory response, culminating in cell wall remodelling and transport/recycling pathways is required to buffer the loss of <it>CCW12</it>. Moreover, the enrichment of Ccw12p in bud, septum and mating projection is consistent with a role of Ccw12p in preserving cell wall integrity at sites of active growth.</p> <p>The microarray data produced in this analysis have been submitted to NCBI GEO database and GSE22649 record was assigned.</p

miRNA-Dependent Translational Repression in the Drosophila Ovary

Background: The Drosophila ovary is a tissue rich in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Many of the regulatory factors are proteins identified via genetic screens. The more recent discovery of microRNAs, which in other animals and tissues appear to regulate translation of a large fraction of all mRNAs, raised the possibility that they too might act during oogenesis. However, there has been no direct demonstration of microRNA-dependent translational repression in the ovary. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, quantitative analyses of transcript and protein levels of transgenes with or without synthetic miR-312 binding sites show that the binding sites do confer translational repression. This effect is dependent on the ability of the cells to produce microRNAs. By comparison with microRNA-dependent translational repression in other cell types, the regulated mRNAs and the protein factors that mediate repression were expected to be enriched in sponge bodies, subcellular structures with extensive similarities to the P bodies found in other cells. However, no such enrichment was observed. Conclusions/Significance: Our results reveal the variety of post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that operate in the Drosophila ovary, and have implications for the mechanisms of miRNA-dependent translational control used in the ovary.This work was supported in part by NIH grant GM54409 and in part by Research Grant No. 1-FY08-445. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Cellular and Molecular Biolog