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The impact of poor asthma control among asthma patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids plus long-acting β2-agonists in the United Kingdom : a cross-sectional analysis

This study was sponsored by Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd UK, which was involved in all stages of the study conduct and analysis and also funded all costs associated with the development of the manuscript. The authors acknowledge Kantar Health and Errol J Philip for providing medical writing support. Editorial assistance and medical writing support was also provided by Michelle Rebello, PhD, and Suchita Nath-Sain, PhD, of Cactus Communications. This study was sponsored by Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd., UK, which also funded all costs associated with the development of the manuscript. Author Correction, npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine 27, Article number: 65 (2017) doi:10.1038/s41533-017-0063-5, 05 December 2017 Correction to:npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine (2017); doi:10.1038/s41533-017-0014-1; Published 09 March 2017Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Syntax error based quantification of the learning progress of the novice programmer

© 2018 Association for Computing Machinery. Recent data-driven research has produced metrics for quantifying a novice programmer’s error profile, such as Jadud’s error quotient. However, these metrics tend to be context dependent and contain free parameters. This paper reviews the caveats of such metrics and proposes a more general approach to developing a metric. The online implementation of the proposed metric is publicly available at http://online-analysis-demo.herokuapp.com/

ArAl: An Online Tool for Source Code Snapshot Metadata Analysis

© 2019 Association for Computing Machinery. Several systems that collect data from students' problem solving processes exist. Within computing education research, such data has been used for multiple purposes, ranging from assessing students' problem solving strategies to detecting struggling students. To date, however, the majority of the analysis has been conducted by individual researchers or research groups using case by case methodologies. Our belief is that with increasing possibilities for data collection from students' learning process, researchers and instructors will benefit from ready-made analysis tools. In this study, we present ArAl, an online machine learning based platform for analyzing programming source code snapshot data. The benefit of ArAl is two-fold. The computing education researcher can use ArAl to analyze the source code snapshot data collected from their own institute. Also, the website provides a collection of well-documented machine learning and statistics based tools to investigate possible correlation between different variables. The presented web-portal is available at online-analysisdemo. herokuapp.com. This tool could be applied in many different subject areas given appropriate performance data

Participation in voluntary and community organisations in the United Kingdom and the influences on the self-management of long-term conditions

Voluntary and community organisations (VCOs) have health benefits for those who attend and are viewed as having the potential to support long-term condition management. However, existing community-level understandings of participation do not explain the involvement with VCOs at an individual level, or the nature of support, which may elicit health benefits. Framing active participation as ‘doing and experiencing’, the aim of this qualitative study was to explore why people with long-term vascular conditions join VCOs, maintain their membership and what prevents participation. Twenty participants, self-diagnosed as having diabetes, chronic heart disease or chronic kidney disease, were purposefully sampled and recruited from a range of VCOs in the North West of England identified from a mapping of local organisations. In semi-structured interviews, we explored the nature of their participation. Analysis was thematic and iterative involving a continual reflection on the data. People gave various reasons for joining groups. These included health and well-being, the need for social contact and pursuing a particular hobby. Barriers to participation included temporal and spatial barriers and those associated with group dynamics. Members maintained their membership on the basis of an identity and sense of belonging to the group, developing close relationships within it and the availability of support and trust. Participants joined community groups often in response to a health-related event. Our findings demonstrate the ways in which the social contact associated with continued participation in VCOs is seen as helping with long-term condition management. Interventions designed at improving chronic illness management might usefully consider the role of VCOs

Phototherapeutic Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death and CD8+ T Cell-Granzyme B Mediated Cytolysis in Human Lung Cancer Cells and Organoids

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Immunogenic cancer cell death and photodynamic therapy play an important emerging role in cancer treatment. Understanding mechanisms involved in tumor killing via immune cells in response to photodynamic therapy is important for developing new anticancer approaches. In this study, we report that methylene blue photodynamic therapy decreases the proliferation of lung cancer cells and patient derived non-small cell lung cancer organoids via immunogenic cells death and granzyme B mediated cytolysis. ABSTRACT: Augmenting T cell mediated tumor killing via immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD) is the cornerstone of emerging immunotherapeutic approaches. We investigated the potential of methylene blue photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT) to induce ICD in human lung cancer. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and primary human lung cancer organoids were evaluated in co-culture killing assays with MB-PDT and light emitting diodes (LEDs). ICD was characterised using immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Phototherapy with MB treatment and low energy LEDs decreased the proliferation of NSCLC cell lines inducing early necrosis associated with reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl2 and increased expression of ICD markers, calreticulin (CRT), intercellular cell-adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) in NSCLC cells. MB-PDT also potentiated CD8(+) T cell-mediated cytolysis of lung cancer via granzyme B in lung cancer cells and primary human lung cancer organoids

What is Asset-Based Community Development and how might it improve the health of people with long-term conditions? A realist synthesis

Abstract Background Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) appears to be a promising way to supporting people with long-term health problems but there is currently a lack of evidence to support this approach. Methods Taking a realist approach, a review and concept-mapping exercise of ABCD approaches to improve health were conducted with a view to providing a better understanding about these approaches, how they work, and who they work for. Results 29 papers were deemed relevant and included in the review. The realist synthesis and concept mapping helped identify concepts most commonly associated with ABCD but found no papers focussed on LTCs and thus no evidence that this approach improves health outcomes for people with LTCs. Conclusions Whilst there is a lack of clarity about how to implement ABCD or how to evaluate it, this paper offers a clearer theoretical framework about the essential ingredients needed to activate ABCD

Fibroblast Activation Protein specific optical imaging in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a cell surface propyl-specific serine protease involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix. Whilst expressed at low levels in healthy tissue, upregulation of FAP on fibroblasts can be found in several solid organ malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer, and chronic inflammatory conditions such as pulmonary fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Their full role remains unclear, but FAP expressing cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been found to relate to a poor prognosis with worse survival rates in breast, colorectal, pancreatic, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Optical imaging using a FAP specific chemical probe, when combined with clinically compatible imaging systems, can provide a readout of FAP activity which could allow disease monitoring, prognostication and potentially stratify therapy. However, to derive a specific signal for FAP any sequence must retain specificity over closely related endopeptidases, such as prolyl endopeptidase (PREP), and be resistant to degradation in areas of active inflammation. We describe the iterative development of a FAP optical reporter sequence which retains FAP specificity, confers resistance to degradation in the presence of activated neutrophil proteases and demonstrates clinical tractability ex vivo in NSCLC samples with an imaging platform