Energy Resolution Enhancement of Mercuric Iodide Detectors

A pulse processing technique has been developed which improves the gamma-ray energy resolution of mercuric iodide detectors. The technique employs a fast (100 ns) and a slow (6.4 µs) pulse height analysis to correct for signal variations due to variations in charge trapping. The capabilities of the technique for energy resolution enhancement are discussed as well as the utility of the technique for examining the trapping characteristics of individual detectors. We have achieved an energy resolution of 2.6% FWHM at 662 keV with an acceptance efficiency of 100% from a mercuric iodide detector which gives 8.3% FWHM using standard techniques

Aquifer simulation model for use on disk supported small computer systems

Includes bibliographical references (p. 21).Cover title

Selected digital computer techniques for groundwater resource evaluation

Bibliography: p. 62.Enumeration continues from preceding title

Water-level decline and pumpage during 1960 in deep wells in the Chicago Region, Illinois

Includes bibliographical references.Ope

A "random-walk" solute transport model for selected groundwater quality evaluations

"ISWS/BUL-65/81."Bibliography: p. 103.Enumeration continues from preceding title

Status of the European Green Crab in Oregon and Washington Estuaries in 2014

Prepared for the Aquatic Nuisance Species Project, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission.Once a non-native species arrives and survives in an area, its long-term persistence depends on its recruitment success. If conditions are not favorable for recruitment it will ultimately disappear. The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) has a six-year life span and has persisted at low densities in Oregon and Washington coastal estuaries for the past 17 years. After the arrival of the strong founding year class of 1998, significant self-recruitment to the Oregon and Washington populations occurred only in 2003, 2005, 2006, and 2010. Warm winter water temperatures, high Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Multivariate ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) Indices, late spring transitions and weak southward shelf currents in March and April are all correlated with the these strong year classes and vice versa (Behrens Yamada and Kosro 2010). Right now, green crabs are still too rare to exert a measurable effect on the native benthic community and on shellfish culture in Oregon and Washington. However, this could change if ocean conditions were to switch to a high PDO and strong El Niño patterns. For example, green crabs were first documented in New England in 1817, but it took warm ocean conditions during the 1950’s for their numbers to build to a level at which they decimated the soft-shelled clam industry. Extensive surveys by Fisheries and Oceans Canada found green crabs in all the major inlets on the west coast of Vancouver Island and around Bella Bella on the Central Coast, but so far none have been discovered in the inland sea between Vancouver Island and the mainland. Therefore, outreach efforts should continue to prevent the establishment of this invader in these inland waters via ballast water, shellfish transport or other human-mediated vectors. Even though green crab abundance in Oregon and Washington is still low when compared to Europe, eastern North America, Tasmania, California and the west coast of Vancouver Island, it is imperative to continue monitoring efforts for two reasons: 1) to elucidate the process of range expansion and population persistence of this model non-indigenous marine species with planktonic larvae, and 2) to predict the arrival of strong year classes from ocean conditions and alert managers and shellfish growers of possible increases in predation pressure from this invader

Selective amylin antagonist suppresses rise in plasma lactate after intravenous glucose in the rat Evidence for a metabolic role of endogenous amylin

AbstractData presented here provide the first demonstration that circulating amylin regulates metabolism in vivo, and support an endocrine hormonal role that is distinct from its autocrine action at pancreatic islets. When rats were pre-treated with the potent amylin antagonist AC187 (n = 18), and then administered a 2 mmol glucose load, the rise in plasma lactate was less than in rats administered glucose only (n = 27; P < 0.02). When rats were treated so that plasma glucose and insulin profiles were similar (n = 8), the increase in plasma lactate in the presence of AC187 was only 50.3% as high as the increase when AC187 was absent (P < 0.001). These experimental results fit with the view that some of the lactate appearing in plasma after a glucose load comes from insulin-sensitive tissues. The experiments also support the view that an important fraction of the increase in lactate depends on processes inhibited by a selective amylin antagonist, most likely amylin action in muscle

Methods for interpreting lists of affected genes obstained in a DNA microarray experiment

Background - The aim of this paper was to describe and compare the methods used and the results obtained by the participants in a joint EADGENE (European Animal Disease Genomic Network of Excellence) and SABRE (Cutting Edge Genomics for Sustainable Animal Breeding) workshop focusing on post analysis of microarray data. The participating groups were provided with identical lists of microarray probes, including test statistics for three different contrasts, and the normalised log-ratios for each array, to be used as the starting point for interpreting the affected probes. The data originated from a microarray experiment conducted to study the host reactions in broilers occurring shortly after a secondary challenge with either a homologous or heterologous species of Eimeria. Results - Several conceptually different analytical approaches, using both commercial and public available software, were applied by the participating groups. The following tools were used: Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, MAPPFinder, LIMMA, GOstats, GOEAST, GOTM, Globaltest, TopGO, ArrayUnlock, Pathway Studio, GIST and AnnotationDbi. The main focus of the approaches was to utilise the relation between probes/genes and their gene ontology and pathways to interpret the affected probes/genes. The lack of a well-annotated chicken genome did though limit the possibilities to fully explore the tools. The main results from these analyses showed that the biological interpretation is highly dependent on the statistical method used but that some common biological conclusions could be reached. Conclusion - It is highly recommended to test different analytical methods on the same data set and compare the results to obtain a reliable biological interpretation of the affected genes in a DNA microarray experimen