Content and interpretation of the conceptual apparatus of risk management project

One of the important management processes is the identification and management of risks. The article considers the main causes of uncertainty and the occurrence of risk events. The attitude of the authors and standards is presented, the interpretations of the concepts of “risk management” and “risk management” are systematized. The main groups of interpretations of the concept of risk are highlighted, according to which different authors and standards share the concepts. Special attention is paid to the tasks that face the risk management process. A proprietary interpretation of the definition is proposed and justified, taking into account the peculiarities of the risk management process in terms of the stages of risk management, positive and negative consequences, systematic, consistent and cyclical actions in the risk management process in project activities

A New Look at the Structure and Thermal Behavior of Polyvinylidene Fluoride–Camphor Mixtures

An experimental quasi-equilibrium phase diagram of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)–camphor mixture is constructed using an original optical method. For the first time, it contains a boundary curve that describes the dependence of camphor solubility in the amorphous regions of PVDF on temperature. It is argued that this diagram cannot be considered a full analogue of the eutectic phase diagrams of two low-molar-mass crystalline substances. The phase diagram is used to interpret the polarized light hot-stage microscopy data on cooling the above mixtures from a homogeneous state to room temperature and scanning electron microscopy data on the morphology of capillary-porous bodies formed upon camphor removal. Based on our calorimetry and X-ray studies, we put in doubt the possibility of incongruent crystalline complex formation between PVDF and camphor previously suggested by Dasgupta et al. (Macromolecules 2005, 38, 5602–5608). We also describe and discuss the high-temperature crystalline structure of racemic camphor, which is not available in the modern literature