575 research outputs found
Results of investigation of muon fluxes of superhigh energy cosmic rays with X-ray emulsion chambers
The overall data from the investigation of the cosmic ray muon flux in the range of zenith angles (0-90) deg within the energy range (3.5 to 5.0) TeV is presented. The exposure of large X-ray emulsion chambers underground was 1200 tons. year. The data were processe using the method which was applied in the experiment Pamir and differred from the earlier applied one. The obtained value of a slope power index of the differential energy spectrum of the global muon flux is =3.7 that corresponds to the slope of the pion generation differential spectrum, gamma sub PI = 2.75 + or - .04. The analysis of the muon zenith-angular distribution showed that the contribution of rapid generation muons in the total muon flux agree the best with the value .2% and less with .7% at a 90% reliability level
Pharmacological correction of immune disorders in patients with chronic heart failure and ischemic heart disease
Currently, there are few data on the effect of cardiovascular drugs on the immune status of patients with heart failure (HF). This paper provides information on the impact of Γ-adrenergic blocking agent (BAB), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) on the maintenance of markers of immune inflammation in the blood, as well as on inhibition of synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-Ξ± (TNF-Ξ±) and on blocking of interaction between TNF-Ξ± and membrane receptor
Signal recognition and background suppression by matched filters and neural networks for Tunka-Rex
The Tunka Radio Extension (Tunka-Rex) is a digital antenna array, which
measures the radio emission of the cosmic-ray air-showers in the frequency band
of 30-80 MHz. Tunka-Rex is co-located with TAIGA experiment in Siberia and
consists of 63 antennas, 57 of them are in a densely instrumented area of about
1 km\textsuperscript{2}. In the present work we discuss the improvements of the
signal reconstruction applied for the Tunka-Rex. At the first stage we
implemented matched filtering using averaged signals as template. The
simulation study has shown that matched filtering allows one to decrease the
threshold of signal detection and increase its purity. However, the maximum
performance of matched filtering is achievable only in case of white noise,
while in reality the noise is not fully random due to different reasons. To
recognize hidden features of the noise and treat them, we decided to use
convolutional neural network with autoencoder architecture. Taking the recorded
trace as an input, the autoencoder returns denoised trace, i.e. removes all
signal-unrelated amplitudes. We present the comparison between standard method
of signal reconstruction, matched filtering and autoencoder, and discuss the
prospects of application of neural networks for lowering the threshold of
digital antenna arrays for cosmic-ray detection.Comment: ARENA2018 proceeding
Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ Π·ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²
Relevance. Many young patients suffer from dental abrasion combined with hyperesthesia of teeth. This pathology is to be treated complexly. The first stage of the treatment is aimed at decreasing the hypersensitivity. This problem is usually solved by dental therapist who can face a problem of a desensitizing agent selection.The objective was to evaluate the efficacy and convenience of using specific desensitizing agents at home in young patients with symptoms of hyperesthesia associated with generalized increased dental abrasion of the first degree of severity.Methods and materials. Patients suffering from generalized hyperesthesia caused by increased abrasion of hard tooth tissues have taken part in this research. The patients were treated with one of four selected desensitizing agents at home. The efficacy, financial side and the convenience of each product were evaluated by using the questionnaire. Also, the efficacy of the treatment was also evaluated clinically.Results. Clinical efficacy of the toothpaste containing arginine and gel with NaF (1.1 %) and gel based on nano-hydroxyapatite is approximately the same. The specific gel contained casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate is less effective.Conclusion. The gel based on the nano-hydroxyapatite is the most effective and convenient specialized product for the treatment of hyperesthesia in patients with increased dental abrasion.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π£ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ-ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ².Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ β ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ² I ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π·ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π±ΡΠ» Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ 1 ΠΈΠ· 4 ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ±Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ° Ρ Π°ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, Π³Π΅Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ 1,1 %-Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π»Ρ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠ°Π·Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π΅Π»Ρ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°
Current Status and New Challenges of The Tunka Radio Extension
The Tunka Radio Extension (Tunka-Rex) is an antenna array spread over an area
of about 1~km. The array is placed at the Tunka Advanced Instrument for
cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy (TAIGA) and detects the radio emission of air
showers in the band of 30 to 80~MHz. During the last years it was shown that a
sparse array such as Tunka-Rex is capable of reconstructing the parameters of
the primary particle as accurate as the modern instruments. Based on these
results we continue developing our data analysis. Our next goal is the
reconstruction of cosmic-ray energy spectrum observed only by a radio
instrument. Taking a step towards it, we develop a model of aperture of our
instrument and test it against hybrid TAIGA observations and Monte-Carlo
simulations. In the present work we give an overview of the current status and
results for the last five years of operation of Tunka-Rex and discuss prospects
of the cosmic-ray energy estimation with sparse radio arrays.Comment: Proceedings of E+CRS 201
Improved measurements of the energy and shower maximum of cosmic rays with Tunka-Rex
The Tunka Radio Extension (Tunka-Rex) is an array of 63 antennas located in
the Tunka Valley, Siberia. It detects radio pulses in the 30-80 MHz band
produced during the air-shower development. As shown by Tunka-Rex, a sparse
radio array with about 200 m spacing is able to reconstruct the energy and the
depth of the shower maximum with satisfactory precision using simple methods
based on parameters of the lateral distribution of amplitudes. The LOFAR
experiment has shown that a sophisticated treatment of all individually
measured amplitudes of a dense antenna array can make the precision comparable
with the resolution of existing optical techniques. We develop these ideas
further and present a method based on the treatment of time series of measured
signals, i.e. each antenna station provides several points (trace) instead of a
single one (amplitude or power). We use the measured shower axis and energy as
input for CoREAS simulations: for each measured event we simulate a set of
air-showers with proton, helium, nitrogen and iron as primary particle (each
primary is simulated about ten times to cover fluctuations in the shower
maximum due to the first interaction). Simulated radio pulses are processed
with the Tunka-Rex detector response and convoluted with the measured signals.
A likelihood fit determines how well the simulated event fits to the measured
one. The positions of the shower maxima are defined from the distribution of
chi-square values of these fits. When using this improved method instead of the
standard one, firstly, the shower maximum of more events can be reconstructed,
secondly, the resolution is increased. The performance of the method is
demonstrated on the data acquired by the Tunka-Rex detector in 2012-2014.Comment: Proceedings of the 35th ICRC 2017, Busan, Kore
Tunka-Rex: energy reconstruction with a single antenna station (ARENA 2016)
The Tunka-Radio extension (Tunka-Rex) is a radio detector for air showers in
Siberia. From 2012 to 2014, Tunka-Rex operated exclusively together with its
host experiment, the air-Cherenkov array Tunka-133, which provided trigger,
data acquisition, and an independent air-shower reconstruction. It was shown
that the air-shower energy can be reconstructed by Tunka-Rex with a precision
of 15\% for events with signal in at least 3 antennas, using the radio
amplitude at a distance of 120\,m from the shower axis as an energy estimator.
Using the reconstruction from the host experiment Tunka-133 for the air-shower
geometry (shower core and direction), the energy estimator can in principle
already be obtained with measurements from a single antenna, close to the
reference distance. We present a method for event selection and energy
reconstruction, requiring only one antenna, and achieving a precision of about
20\%. This method increases the effective detector area and lowers thresholds
for zenith angle and energy, resulting in three times more events than in the
standard reconstruction
First analysis of inclined air showers detected by Tunka-Rex
The Tunka Radio Extension (Tunka-Rex) is a digital antenna array for the
detection of radio emission from cosmic-ray air showers in the frequency band
of 30 to 80 MHz and for primary energies above 100 PeV. The standard analysis
of Tunka-Rex includes events with zenith angle of up to 50. This cut is
determined by the efficiency of the external trigger. However, due to the
air-shower footprint increasing with zenith angle and due to the more efficient
generation of radio emission (the magnetic field in the Tunka valley is almost
vertical), there are a number of ultra-high-energy inclined events detected by
Tunka-Rex. In this work we present a first analysis of a subset of inclined
events detected by Tunka-Rex. We estimate the energies of the selected events
and test the efficiency of Tunka-Rex antennas for detection of inclined air
showers.Comment: ARENA2018 proceeding
Towards a cosmic-ray mass-composition study at Tunka Radio Extension (ARENA 2016)
The Tunka Radio Extension (Tunka-Rex) is a radio detector at the TAIGA
facility located in Siberia nearby the southern tip of Lake Baikal. Tunka-Rex
measures air-showers induced by high-energy cosmic rays, in particular, the
lateral distribution of the radio pulses. The depth of the air-shower maximum,
which statistically depends on the mass of the primary particle, is determined
from the slope of the lateral distribution function (LDF). Using a
model-independent approach, we have studied possible features of the
one-dimensional slope method and tried to find improvements for the
reconstruction of primary mass. To study the systematic uncertainties given by
different primary particles, we have performed simulations using the CONEX and
CoREAS software packages of the recently released CORSIKA v7.5 including the
modern high-energy hadronic models QGSJet-II.04 and EPOS-LHC. The simulations
have shown that the largest systematic uncertainty in the energy deposit is due
to the unknown primary particle. Finally, we studied the relation between the
polarization and the asymmetry of the LDF.Comment: ARENA proceedings, 4 pages, updated reference
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