Assessing the Inclusiveness of Housing Conditions in Ogbomoso Township, Nigeria

It is against the background of deficit in housing stock in Nigeria major cities and its associated exclusion in that this study evaluates housing condition in Ogbomoso Township. This is with a view to proffering recommendations that will aid the achievement of sustainable and inclusive housing in the town, and other ones with similar socioeconomic characteristics. Assessed were the socioeconomic characteristics of residents in the study area, characteristics and condition of housing units and impact of the identified condition on residents.  The study utilized a multistage sampling approach to sample 150 buildings, and questionnaire administered to an adult resident in each of the sampled building. Data obtained were summarized using tables and percentages while analysis of variance was used to evaluate variation in the condition of housing units across political wards in the study area. The study discovered that 50.7% of the residents are male, and 52.7% are youths. Also, 50.7% of the respondents are single as about 29.3% are students, and 46% of the residents earn below N18, 000 monthly. About 44.7% of the residents have been living in their residences for less than 5 years, 26.7% have used 6-10 years in their residence while about 8% have used 16-20 years in their residences. Thus suggesting frequent change of residences by residents to adjust and readjust to various exclusion tendencies. The predominant housing type in the study area is flat (58.7%), and 69.3% of the housing units were constructed between 1 and 3 years. Meanwhile, 78.7% of the housing units have good roof, 12.0% are leaking and 9.3% are sagging. 48.7% of the housing units were perceived to be substandard, 45.8% were standard building while 5.5% were dilapidated. With F=13.050, p=0.000; there is variation in the condition of housing units across political ward in the town. Urban renewal, granting of loans for housing renovations as well as subsidizing of building materials were therefore recommended. The study concluded that sustainable and inclusive housing can only be achieved with conscious policy and planning intervention. &nbsp

The oncological and reproductive outcomes of fertility-preserving treatments for stage 1 grade 1 endometrial carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The number of patients desiring fertility-preserving treatment for endometrial cancer rather than standard surgical management continues to increase. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the efficacies of fertility-preserving treatments on the live birth rate, remission and relapse rates for women with stage 1a grade 1 endometrial carcinoma to support patient counselling. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis for our primary outcomes of overall remission and relapse rate, and for secondary analysis, we divided papers into treatment type: systemic progestins, intrauterine progestins or hysteroscopic resection and adjuvant hormonal treatment. RESULTS: Thirty-five observational studies met inclusion criteria, with a total of 624 patients. Overall, conservative treatment of endometrial cancer showed a remission rate of 77% (95% CI: 70-84%), a relapse rate of 20% (95% CI: 13-27%) and a live birth rate of 20% (95% CI: 15-25%) with more favourable outcomes for the hysteroscopic resection group. CONCLUSIONS: Hysteroscopic resection and adjuvant hormonal treatment had the most favourable fertility and oncological outcomes. Further high-quality prospective multi-centre trials are warranted to determine the optimal treatment regimen and dosage and risk stratification for these patients

Comparison of Expectant and Excisional/Ablative Management of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2 (CIN2) in the Era of HPV Testing

OBJECTIVE: To investigate conservative and excisional/ablative treatment outcomes for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) following introduction of virological test of cure. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data at a teaching hospital colposcopy unit. 331 sequential biopsy-proved CIN2 cases were involved. CIN2 cases diagnosed between 01/07/2014 and 31/12/2017 were either conservatively managed or treated with excision/ablation and then were followed up until discharge from colposcopy clinic and then using the national cervical cytology database. Outcomes were defined: cytological/histological regression was absence of high-grade CIN on biopsy and/or high-grade dysplasia; virological regression was cytological/histological regression and negative human papillomavirus testing; persistence was biopsy-proven CIN2 and/or moderate dyskaryosis; progression was biopsy-proven CIN3+ and/or severe dyskaryosis. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 22.6 months (range: 1.9–65.1 months). Among 175 (52.9%) patients initially managed conservatively, 77.3% (133/172) regressed, 13.4% (23/172) persisted, 9.3% (16/172) progressed to CIN3+, and 97 (56.4%) patients achieved virological regression. 156 (47.1%) patients underwent initial excision/ablation, with an 89.4% (110/123) virological cure rate. After discharge, 7 (4.0%) and 3 (1.9%) patients redeveloped CIN in the conservative and treatment groups, respectively, during a median period of 17.2 months. CONCLUSION: Conservative management is a reasonable and effective management strategy in appropriately selected women with CIN2. High rates of histological and virological regression should be expected. The previously mentioned data provide useful information for deciding management options

Associated anomalies in cleft lip and palate: analysis of 811 consecutive patients

Introduction: Clefts are common birth defects and may be associated with oro-facial congenital anomalies. It has not been established if specific types of anomalies are frequently related with clefts, or which organ is most commonly affected. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of associated anomalies in consecutive cleft lip and palate patients treated at two referral centres in Northern Nigeria.Methods: Cleft lip and palate at two referral hospitals in Northern Nigeria from January 2012 to December 2015 were studied. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.Results: A total of 811 cleft lip and palate patients were managed. Fifty-five percent (447) were male and 45% (364) were female while 71% (578) were children and 29% (233) were adults. The prevalence of associated anomalies was 11.5%. The most common associated anomaly among cleft patients was facial anomaly (64% of cleft patients). Associated anomalies were most prevalent in patients with isolated cleft palate. Hypertelorism was the commonest type of facial anomaly recorded.Conclusion: Our study showed a low incidence of associated anomalies with a higher incidence in isolated cleft palate cases.Key Words: Cleft lip, Cleft Palate, Associated Facial Anomaly, Congenital anomal

A framework for creating production and inventory control strategies

In multiproduct manufacturing systems, it is difficult to assure that an optimised setting of a pull production control strategy will be able to maintain its service level and inventory control performances. This is because the competition for resources among products is liable to make them affect the service levels of one another. By comparing different pull strategies, this research has observed that tightly coupled strategies are able to maintain lower amount of inventory than decoupled strategies, but they do so at the detriment of service level robustness. As a result, tightly coupled strategies are better suited to manufacturing environments with low variability, while decoupled strategies are more robust in high variability environments. Here, robustness is a measure of how well a strategy is able to minimise the drop below its original optimised service level when the initial system conditions change. Furthermore, the Kanban allocation policy applied under a strategy plays a major role in its ability to manage the performances of multiple products. Experimental results show that the Shared Kanban Allocation Policy (SKAP) keeps a lower amount of inventory than the Dedicated Kanban Allocation Policy (DKAP), but it is more susceptible to the variability in the demand or processing times of one product impacting the service level of another. Therefore, a Hybrid Kanban allocation policy (HKAP) that combines both the DKAP and the SKAP has been implemented. This approach considers products’ demand and processing time attributes before categorising them into the same Kanban sharing group. The results of the implementation of the HKAP show that it can keep as low inventory as the SKAP and avoid products impacting the service levels of one another. Additionally, it offers a better approach to managing large multiproduct systems, as the performances of product groups can be differentially managed through the combination of Kanban sharing and dedication policies. Lastly, the observations on the performances of strategies and policies under different system conditions can be used as a framework through which line designers select strategies and policies to suit their manufacturing system

Development of a Rocket Stove Using Woodash as Insulator

Abstract A rocket stove which serves as a cheaper and more safer alternative to conventional method of cooking, employing the use of solid fuels has been developed. The construction was done with our locally available metallic materials for the body and combustion chamber of the stove, using teak (khaya grandifoliala) wood ash as an insulator. An analysis of the thermal and mechanical properties of the insulating wall, fuel magazine, combustion chamber, and chimney were also performed; the law of energy conservation was used to determine the stove thermal efficiency which is 37.3%, while the Newton’s law of cooling was used to determine the convection heat transferred by the stove body (150864 J/kg) and Stefan-Boltzmann law was used to determine the amount of heat radiated by the stove body (49.2 J/kg), thus, signifying its suitability for home heating. A less expensive but very effective materials mixture containing galvanized steel and wood ash were found to have thermal properties comparable to that of fired vermiculite and stainless steel materials which are more expensive in other improved stove designs

Health and Sanitation Condition in Selected Traditional Markets in South-West Nigeria

This study examined health and sanitation condition Practices among Traders of across market in Akure Ondo state of Nigeria Descriptive survey design was used for the study in collecting and analyzing data In all 205 questionnaire were administered using random sampling methods The result of the findings found that 49 3 of respondents rush to defecate in the gutter and open drainage 51 7 of respondents non-usage of an available public toilet due to unclean condition The study further found that 48 8 of toilet were been managed by the market management facility are fairly inadequate 90 8 However the study concludes on the need to improve waste collection storage and disposal at the market place to reduce the potential of spread of infectious diseases and environmental degradation and called on the local government to take steps in promoting community participation in sanitation services particularly at the market places since it is their bond constitutionall

The knowledge and reported vaccination status of hepatitis B virus amongst medical students in a Nigerian tertiary teaching hospital

Objective: Preventing the occupational risk of contracting the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is against a backdrop of knowledge and vaccination. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of the medical students on HBV infection and their vaccination status.Method: A cross-sectional study on was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Data of 202 students were analyzed using SPSS v. 20. Descriptive statistical tests were applied.Result: Subjects' ages ranged from 19 to 36 years, mean age of 25.65± 3.3years, 54.1% were males. The knowledge score on general knowledge was 79.2%, on risks factors and mode of transmission of virus was 74.9% whilst on prevention was 89%. The reported vaccination status was 22.8%. Eighty one of them (40.1%) had been tested for the HBV with 4(4.9%) testing positive.Conclusion: The medical students had good knowledge of the Hepatitis B virus however the vaccination status was low.Keywords: Chronic Hepatitis B, Health care workers, mode of transmissio