Use of amino acids for a highly efficient somatic embryogenesis in grapevine 'Crimson Seedless'

Somatic embryogenesis influenced by growth regulators and amino acids was studied in in vitro leaves of grapevine 'Crimson Seedless'. In vitroleaves of the cultivar were collected from multiple shoot cultures maintained on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) basal medium supplemented with 9 μM N6-benzyladenine (BA). Among the growth regulators used, BA at 4.5 μM induced higher embryogenic response producing more number of somatic embryos per explant. This response was increased with the addition of 5 μM naphthoxy-1-acetic acid (NOA) to ½ MS containing 4.5 μM BA. Further, supplementation of amino acids in the callus induction medium significantly improved the embryogenic response of in vitro leaves. The higher number of explants showing somatic embryo production (55.3 %) and higher number of somatic embryos per explant (15.5 per explant) were recorded with the supplementation of 5 mM phenylalanine to callus induction medium. Primary somatic embryos showed repetitive embryogenesis on ½ MS medium devoid of growth regulators. Plantlets derived from somatic embryos were transferred to soil-sand-peat mixture (1:1:1 v/v) and hardened plantlets were established in greenhouse with 90 % survival. This somatic embryogenesis system has been successfully used for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation studies in 'Crimson Seedless' in our laboratory. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of amino acids for the high efficient somatic embryogenesis in grapevine.

Cellular polyamines influence maturation and germination of somatic embryos from pro-embryonal masses of two grapevine cultivars

Somatic embryos of grapevine multiply repeatedly and often fail to mature and germinate due to factors like dormancy and embryo teratology. The present investigation was carried out to improve the maturation and germination of somatic embryos from pro-embryonal masses (PEM) of 2A-Clone and ‘Crimson Seedless’, two seedless grapevine cultivars. Also, the aim was to study a correlation between cellular and residual polyamine (PA) levels in PEM and culture media. The efficiency of maturation and germination of embryos from PEM varied significantly between the two cultivars and depended on incubation period and type of PAs in the medium. HPLC analysis showed that higher levels of cellular putrescine in PEM had correlation with maturation and germination percentages in both cultivars. The levels of three PAs depleted in the media rapidly indicating its uptake by PEM. Of the three PAs, putrescine (PUT) was the most effective and resulted in 100.0 or 92.0 % maturation at 14 d or 30 d in 2A-Clone or ‘Crimson Seedless’, respectively. The maximum germination of somatic embryos was recorded with PUT at 14 d or 21 d in 2A-Clone or ‘Crimson Seedless’, respectively.

Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and cytotoxic studies of a novel vanadium dodecylamino phosphate

AbstractA novel vanadium dodecylamino phosphate was synthesized by mixing phosphoric acid and vanadyl acetylacetonate with dodecylamine at ambient temperature. The material was characterized by various spectroscopic and analytical techniques to know its morphological and structural characteristics. The biological activity of the material toward antimicrobial, nematicidal, DNA cleavage and cytotoxicity has been screened. The material exhibits moderate to good antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The percentage mortality on Meloidogyne incognita nematode was found to increase with increase in concentration of VDDAP at 48h. Further, the material was investigated for cytotoxicity on human cancer cell lines such as cervix (HeLa), leukemia (HL60) and breast (MCF7). The cells were dosed with varying concentrations of the VDDAP and cell viability was measured by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay to determine their GI50 values. Interestingly, the compound shows GI50 values of 25.4μgmL−1 (HeLa), 29.1μgmL−1 (MCF7) and a superior value of 11.6μgmL−1 (HL60) respectively. The DNA cleavage activity of the material was investigated using agarose gel electrophoresis

Synergistic effect of CPPU and benzyladenine on embryo rescue in six stenospermocarpic cultivars of grapevine

In ovulo/embryo culture technique has been used to recover hybrids from seedless grapevines. The present investigation was carried out to study the influence of pre-bloom sprays of N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N´-phenylurea (CPPU) - a synthetic cytokinin, and N6-benzyladenine (BA) supplemented in culture media on embryo recovery in six stenospermocarpic grapevine cultivars. The results showed synergistic effect of CPPU and BA on embryo recovery. Though a CPPU spray alone increased embryo recovery in four out of six cultivars tested, the efficiency was enhanced several fold on culture of excised ovules on media supplemented with BA. The percentage of embryo recovery also depended on BA concentration and varied among six cultivars indicating a genotypic influence as well. Germination percentage of rescued embryos varied among the six cultivars and mostly corresponded with embryo recovery. Germinated embryos developed into normal plantlets. Present study demonstrates that spraying of panicles with CPPU and incorporation of BA in the ovule culture medium can enhance the embryo recovery in stenospermocarpic cultivars of grapevine.

Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity studies of a novel titanium dodecylamino phosphate

A novel titanium dodecylamino phosphate has been synthesized instantly at ambient temperature and characterized by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as PXRD, SEM-EDAX, TGA/DTA, FT-IR, dispersive Raman, UV–Vis DRS, XPS, 31P and 13C MAS NMR. The material was tested for biological activities such as antimicrobial, nematicidal and anticancer. The material exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. The percentage mortality against Meloidogyne incognita nematode was increased with increase in concentration and incubation time. Further the material was also investigated for anticancer on human cancer cell lines such as cervix (HeLa), leukemia (HL60) and breast (MCF7). The cells were dosed with varying concentrations of the material and cell viability was measured by sulforhodamine-B (SRB) calorimetric assay. Interestingly, the material shows GI50 values of 39.8 μg mL−1 (HL60), 13.2 μg mL−1 (MCF7) and a superior value of 10.6 μg mL−1 (HeLa), respectively. However the material was found to be excellent and active against HeLa and MCF7 than HL60 cells leading to the conclusion that presence of titanium and amino groups were responsible for cytotoxicity

Encapsulation of ibuprofen over mesoporous nanocrystalline hollow silica cuboids

619-623Nanocrystalline hollow nano silica cuboids and MCM-41 have been synthesized and characterized using small angle powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron micrograph, transmission electron micrograph, t<span style="mso-ansi-language: YO" lang="YO">hermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis, Fourier transfrom infrared spectroscopy, n<span style="mso-ansi-language: YO" lang="YO">itrogen adsorption-desorption and ibuprofen adsorption followed u<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;mso-ansi-language:YO" lang="YO">ltraviolet <span style="mso-ansi-language: YO" lang="YO">spectroscopic analysis. The results indicate that mesoporous silica nanohollow cuboids store much more guest molecules than conventional nanocrystaline mesoporous Si-MCM-41. </span

Performance Evaluation of MQL with Graphene Mixed Nano Fluids prepared at different Concentrations in Turning of Pure Titanium (TI6Al4V) Alloy

This paper presents an investigation into the minimum quantity lubrication mode with Nano fluid during turning of titanium (TI6AL4V) alloy. In heavy cutting conditions, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) has been observed, that, Nano-cutting fluids which have enrich thermal conductivity than base fluid, are begun to be used in MQL system. The addition of the required nano particle ratio to the base liquid is one of the most important issues that arise in this method. Therefore, this study aimed to find the optimum distribution rate of graphene nano particles having excellent properties and machining parameters. To do this, graphene nano particles were added to a vegetable-based cutting solution. Nano-cutting fluids were prepared in different volumetric concentrations. When turning of titanium (TI6AL4V) alloy, these Nano fluids were used in the MQL system. Three different parameters were added to the experimental design to study the performance of Nano fluids under several cutting conditions. i.e., speed, feed rate and depth off cut. Apart from this experimental design, three tests were carried out at each concentration ratio while keeping the machining parameters constant to clearly see the impact of concentration rates on surface roughness, flank wear. And crater wear. In addition, while chipping/fracture, were observed under all cutting condition