53 research outputs found

    Terminal Pleistocene lithic variability in the Western Negev (Israel): Is there any evidence for contacts with the Nile Valley?

    Get PDF
    At the end of the Pleistocene (25,000-15,000 BP), there is a shift to more arid conditions in the Negev and the Sinai corresponding to the Last Glacial Maximum. For the Nile Valley and the Levant, the lowering of the Mediterranean sea level, the expansion of the Sahara and the desiccation of some major eastern African lakes had important consequences on: (1) the general behaviour of the River Nile; (2) the landscape around the Nile Delta; and (3) sand dune mobilisation. Despite this shift to more arid conditions, there is abundant evidence for human occupation in the Egyptian Nile Valley and in the arid zone of the Southern Levant at this time. In addition, contacts between these two regions have sometimes been suggested, mainly by genetic studies, including early ‘Back-to-Africa’ dispersals. This paper focuses on the analysis of six terminal Pleistocene (ca. 25,000-15,000 BP) lithic assemblages from the western Negev Desert dunes in Israel, attributed to the Early and Middle Epipalaeolithic. The analysis relies on the chaĂźne opĂ©ratoire approach combined with attribute analysis that enables quantification of typo-technological differences. Results of this analysis allow comparisons with assemblages from the Egyptian Nile Valley analysed in the same way previously. This comparative analysis is then used to discuss hypotheses of potential technical diffusions between these two regions. Current archaeological evidence therefore does not support any contacts between populations between the Levant and the Nile Valley at the end of the Pleistocene

    Ma'aleh Ziq : A geometric Kebaran A site in the Central Negev, Israel.

    No full text
    A small Geometric Kebaran A assemblage from the Central Negev included in addition to a few pieces of dentalium, low frequencies of scrapers, notches, denticulates and truncations. Most characteristic are the geometries comprising trapezes and rectangles. The rarity of bipolar retouch at Ma'aleh Ziq and other Negev Geometric Kebaran A sites may be of regional significance.Dans le centre du Négev, un site Kébarien Géométrique A présente en plus de quelques dentales, une petite quantité de grattoirs, encoches, denticulés et de troncatures. Les piÚces géométriques, trapÚzes et rectangles, sont les plus nombreuses. La rareté de la retouche bipolaire à Maàleh Ziq, ainsi que dans les autres sites Kébarien Géométrique A du Négev, pourrait avoir une signification régionale.Goring-Morris A. Nigel. Ma'aleh Ziq : A geometric Kebaran A site in the Central Negev, Israel.. In: Paléorient, 1978, vol. 4. pp. 267-272

    From foraging to herding in the Negev and Sinai : the Early to Late Neolithic transition.

    No full text
    — During the 8th millennium B.P., incipient pastoral economies based on goat herding emerged on the western fringes of the Negev and the Southern Israel Coastal Plain. At some points, connections arc initiated with the Nile Valley. Cortical and bifacial knives appear in quantities in the Tuwailan and presumably reflect the introduction of herding economies. Large quantities of axes appear on sites at the edge of the Negev highlands and in Eastern Sinai. There is also evidence for specialized activities as asphalt processing (Mazad Mazzal), bead manufacture (Beer Ada) during the second half of the 8th millennium B.P.. This development probably continued through the 7th millennium B.P., an innovation being the appearance of open-air sanctuaries in the Southern Negev. The late 7th millennium B.P. Qatifian of the Northern Negev, stretching also across the Arava, is the only systematically defined entity and represents the transition to the Chalcolithic.Au 8L millĂ©naire В. Đ ., on assiste dans la bordure occidentale du Neguev et dans le sud de la plaine cĂŽtiĂšre d'IsraĂ«l Ă  l'Ă©mergence d'une premiĂšre forme d'Ă©conomie pastorale, fondĂ©e sur l'Ă©levage de la chĂšvre. Des contacts paraissent alors s'Ă©tablir avec la vallĂ©e du Nil. Des couteaux bifaces, frĂ©quents dans le Tuwailien y reflĂštent peut-ĂȘtre l'introduction de l'Ă©conomie pastorale. Les sites du pourtour du massif central du Neguev, et du SinaĂŻ oriental ont livrĂ© un grand nombre de haches. On trouve trace Ă©galement dans la seconde moitiĂ© du 8e millĂ©naire B.P. d'activitĂ©s spĂ©cialisĂ©es : extraction de l'asphalte Ă  Mazad Mazzal, fabrique de perles Ă  Beer Ada, etc. Ce dĂ©veloppement se poursuit au 7e millĂ©naire B.P, une innovation Ă©tant les sanctuaires de plein air du Neguev mĂ©ridional. A la fin du 7 millĂ©naire B.P, le Qatifien du Neguev septentrional s'Ă©tend jusqu'Ă  la Arava; cette entitĂ©, la seule que l'on puisse dĂ©finir, reprĂ©sente une transition vers le Chalcolithique.Goring-Morris A. Nigel. From foraging to herding in the Negev and Sinai : the Early to Late Neolithic transition.. In: PalĂ©orient, 1993, vol. 19, n°1. pp. 65-89

    Trends in the Spatial Organization of Terminal Pleistocene Hunter-Gatherer Occupations as viewed from the Negev and Sinai

    No full text
    Preliminary investigation of the organization of space within Terminal Pleistocene occupations in the Negev and Sinai reveals considerable patterning by socio-cultural entity. This is considered to reflect both technological developments (e.g. cooking), as well as the social traditions of the groups concerned, in much the same manner as the stylistic attributes of chipped stone tools and decorative elements. Primary determinants are immobile features, such as hearths, structures and bedrock mortars, with the location of various activities, depending upon their nature, positioned accordingly.Les recherches prĂ©liminaires concernant l'organisation de l'espace des sites du PlĂ©istocĂšne rĂ©cent au NĂ©gev et au SinaĂŻ ont mis en Ă©vidence des diffĂ©rences notables qui paraissent correspondre Ă  des entitĂ©s socio-culturelles. Selon l'auteur, elles reflĂ©teraient Ă  la fois des dĂ©veloppements technologiques (p. ex. cuisson) et les traditions sociales des groupes concernĂ©s, au mĂȘme titre que les traduisent les critĂšres stylistiques de l'outillage lithique ou certains Ă©lĂ©ments dĂ©coratifs. Dans cette Ă©tude, les critĂšres retenus sont la relation existant entre les structures fixes, tels que foyers ou mortiers creusĂ©s dans le roc, et les emplacements oĂč s'exerçaient les diffĂ©rents types ď activitĂ©s. Les gisements les plus importants du PalĂ©olithique SupĂ©rieur final sont caractĂ©risĂ©s par des foyers multiples auxquels semblent correspondre des activitĂ©s propres. Les sites du KĂ©barien gĂ©omĂ©trique prĂ©sentent des foyers simples ouverts associĂ©s Ă  des amas de cendre grise. Sur les plus grands gisements Moushabiens, se trouvent des foyers complexes ou foyers satellites. Les foyers en fosse sont dans l'ensemble relativement grands; leur sont associĂ©es des pierres brĂ»lĂ©es et des cendres sombres qui attestent d'une combustion en atmosphĂšre rĂ©ductrice. On les retrouve lors des pĂ©riodes suivantes (Ramonien et Natoufien); ils tĂ©moignent d'une innovation technologique relative Ă  la cuisson. Au Natoufien, les maisons sont construites en pierre; on trouve encore les foyers en fosse Ă  remplissage de pierres et, hors des sites, des mortiers creusĂ©s dans le rocher. Les camps de base du Harifien sont formĂ©s de cabanes individuelles semi-enterrĂ©es, sĂ©parĂ©es les unes des autres, comportant des dalles Ă  cupules et des mortiers uniques creusĂ©s dans le rocher : en dĂ©pit de la densitĂ© des artefacts lithiques, il est possible de discerner Ă  l'intĂ©rieur de chaque site des zones d'activitĂ© diversifiĂ©es.Goring-Morris A. Nigel. Trends in the Spatial Organization of Terminal Pleistocene Hunter-Gatherer Occupations as viewed from the Negev and Sinai. In: PalĂ©orient, 1988, vol. 14, n°2. PrĂ©histoire du Levant II. Processus des changements culturels. pp. 231-244

    Upper Palaeolithic sites from Wadi Fazael, Lower Jordan Valley

    No full text
    In the course of an ongoing survey in the Lower Jordan Valley, three Upper Palaeolithic open air sites were discovered. Limited testing revealed the presence of intensively occupied extensive occurrences yielding abundant lithic and faunal samples. Although the sites are most probably all of terminal Upper Palaeolithic date, two distinct industries are represented; one, Fazael IX, is characterized by a flake-oriented lithic technology and a predominance of burins, especially those on concave truncations; the other, represented by Fazael X-XI is a microlithic industry in which partially and completely retouched bladelets dominate the tool repertoire. These industries reinforce the current consensus that development within the Upper Palaeolithic was dendritic. The Fazael X-XI assemblages in particular tend to confirm the autochthonous origins of the Epi-Palaeolithic Kebaran technocomplex.Une exploration de la basse vallĂ©e du Jourdain a permis de dĂ©couvrir trois sites du palĂ©olithique supĂ©rieur. Les sondages effectuĂ©s ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© la prĂ©sence d'une occupation intensive de cette rĂ©gion et ont livrĂ© d'abondants Ă©chantillons de faune et d'industrie lithique. Ces sites appartiennent Ă  une phase finale du palĂ©olithique supĂ©rieur. Cependant, deux industries distinctes sont reprĂ©sentĂ©es : l'une, Ă  Fazael IX, est caractĂ©risĂ©e par une technologie orientĂ©e vers la production d'Ă©clats et une prĂ©dominance de burins, notamment de burins sur troncature concave; l'autre, Ă  Fazael X-XI, est une industrie microlithique oĂč dominent les lamelles Ă  retouche partielle ou totale. Ces industries renforcent l'impression gĂ©nĂ©rale d'un dĂ©veloppement dendritique au cours du palĂ©olithique supĂ©rieur. Les assemblages de Fazael X-XI en particulier, semblent confirmer les origines locales du complexe technologique Ă©pipalĂ©olithique du KĂ©barien.Goring-Morris A. Nigel. Upper Palaeolithic sites from Wadi Fazael, Lower Jordan Valley. In: PalĂ©orient, 1980, vol. 6. pp. 173-191

    Bidirectional Blade Production at the PPNB Site of Kfar HaHoresh: The Techno-Typological Analysis of a Workshop Dump

    No full text
    This paper presents the detailed analysis of a bidirectional blade workshop dump from a pit (Locus 1007) dating to relatively late within the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) occupation of Kfar HaHoresh in Northern Israel. The contents of the pit minimally derive from 117 reduction sequences and quite probably at least twice that number. The dump includes waste products from all stages of knapping. The assemblage is described in detail, with an emphasis on the diagnostic debitage types produced by each knapping stage, and hence reflects the local blade-knapping tradition. The results contribute to understanding the character of the local bidirectional operational sequence at Kfar HaHoresh. This included the import of high quality flint nodules from specific outcrops elsewhere in the lower Galilee. In many cases the nodules were subjected to meticulous core pre-formation followed by serial blade production, core maintenance and core abandonment. Following the end of intensive knapping the waste products were carefully collected and dumped in the pit at the edge of the site, while the designated products (blades and tools) were locally distributed or cached for various reasons. The recognized lithic organization, together with the high quality of the blades and tools elsewhere on-site, is indicative of a specialized Middle/ Late PPNB lithic workshop. The pattern recognized at Kfar HaHoresh, supplemented by recent discoveries of flint outcrops and nearby PPNB workshop sites at HaSollelim and Givat Rabi East, together with the evidence for a regional blade production center at the village of Yiftahel, demonstrates the importance of this technology within the lower Galilee PPNB.Cet article prĂ©sente l’analyse dĂ©taillĂ©e d’un dĂ©potoir d’atelier de dĂ©bitage laminaire bipolaire, sur le site de Kfar HaHoresh, (Nord d’IsraĂ«l), qui provient d’une fosse (locus 1007) datant d’une phase relativement tardive du PPNB. Le contenu de cette fosse correspond Ă  au moins 117 sĂ©quences de dĂ©bitage et voire probablement au double ; elle contient les dĂ©chets de la chaĂźne opĂ©ratoire. L’assemblage est dĂ©crit en dĂ©tail, en mettant l’accent sur les produits de dĂ©bitage diagnostics de chaque Ă©tape de la taille et qui reflĂštent la tradition locale de dĂ©bitage bipolaire. Ces rĂ©sultats permettent de mieux comprendre la sĂ©quence opĂ©ratoire bidirectionnelle mise en oeuvre Ă  Kfar HaHoresh. Celle-ci comprenait l’importation de nodules de silex de bonne qualitĂ©, provenant d’affleurements de Basse GalilĂ©e. Dans de nombreux cas, les nuclĂ©us ont fait l’objet d’une mise en forme soignĂ©e, suivie par la production en sĂ©rie de lames et l’entretien du nuclĂ©us, avant son abandon. Une fois ce dĂ©bitage intensif achevĂ©, les dĂ©chets Ă©taient collectĂ©s avec soin et rejetĂ©s dans une fosse en bordure du site, tandis que les produits recherchĂ©s (lames et outils) Ă©taient redistribuĂ©s ou cachĂ©s. La nature particuliĂšre de ces industries, ainsi que la qualitĂ© des lames et des outils dĂ©couverts sur le site, montrent qu’il s’agit d’un atelier lithique spĂ©cialisĂ© du PPNB moyen/ rĂ©cent. Le modĂšle reconnu Ă  Kfar HaHoresh atteste l’importance de cette technologie en Basse GalilĂ©e ; il vient s’ajouter aux dĂ©couvertes rĂ©centes d’affleurements de silex et d’ateliers trouvĂ©s Ă  leur proximitĂ© Ă  HaSollelim et Givat Rabi East, ainsi qu’au centre rĂ©gional de production de lames mis en Ă©vidence dans le village de Yiftahel.Barzilai Omry, Goring-Morris A. Nigel. Bidirectional Blade Production at the PPNB Site of Kfar HaHoresh: The Techno-Typological Analysis of a Workshop Dump. In: PalĂ©orient, 2010, vol. 36, n°2. pp. 5-34

    Conference : The Levantine Aurignacian with special reference to Ksar-Akil, Lebanon. March 27-28, 1987, Institute of Archaeology, London.

    No full text
    Bergman Christopher A., Goring-Morris A. Nigel. Conference : The Levantine Aurignacian with special reference to Ksar-Akil, Lebanon. March 27-28, 1987, Institute of Archaeology, London.. In: Paléorient, 1987, vol. 13, n°1. pp. 142-147

    A Late Natufian Campsite from the Western Negev, Israel

    No full text
    Excavations at the site of Nahal Sekher VI revealed the remains of an ephemeral Late Natufian occupation located at the edge of the Western Negev Dunes. A primary activity appears to have been the retooling of hunting equipment.Les fouilles de Nahal Sekher VI ont révélé les vestiges d'un site éphémÚre de Natoufien Récent situé en bordure des dunes du Néguev occidental. L'activité principale des occupants semble avoir été le refaçonnage de l'équipement de chasse.Goring-Morris A. N., Bar-Yosef Ofer. A Late Natufian Campsite from the Western Negev, Israel. In: Paléorient, 1987, vol. 13, n°1. pp. 107-112

    Reflections on Neolithisation Processes. Jacques Cauvin: The right man for the season

    No full text
    The paper evaluates elements of Jacques Cauvin’s paradigm of Neolithisation in the Levant in the light of more recent research. We focus in particular on issues connected with terminology of the physical and cultural geography of the Levant ; the necessity of viewing Neolithisation processes from the long-term perspective (apparent already during the course of the Epipalaeolithic), within a mosaic framework of different and increasingly complex socio-cultural developments.Les Ă©lĂ©ments du paradigme de Jacques Cauvin sur la NĂ©olithisation au Levant sont examinĂ©s Ă  la lumiĂšre des recherches rĂ©centes. Nous nous attachons en particulier Ă  celles qui sont en rapport avec la terminologie concernant la gĂ©ographie physique et culturelle du Levant ; la nĂ©cessitĂ© de considĂ©rer le processus de nĂ©olithisation dans la perspective de la longue durĂ©e, incluant l’ÉpipalĂ©olithique, dans un contexte offrant diffĂ©rents dĂ©veloppements sociaux-culturels de plus en plus complexes.Belfer-Cohen Anna, Goring-Morris A. Nigel. Reflections on Neolithisation Processes. Jacques Cauvin: The right man for the season . In: PalĂ©orient, 2011, vol. 37, n°1. NĂ©olithisations : nouvelles donnĂ©es, nouvelles interprĂ©tations. À propos du modĂšle thĂ©orique de Jacques Cauvin. pp. 89-99
    • 

    corecore