Experience of Reconstruction of Yakut Women’s Clothing of the 17th-18th Centuries (based on the Materials of At-Daban (At-Byran) VI Burial)

The experience of carrying out a hypothetical reconstruction of women's clothing "tangalai" XVII-XVIII centuries is considered. It is reported that this sample of clothing was found during archaeological research in 2016 in the area of At-Byran, Khangalassky district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Earlier it was revealed that the tangalai was part of the bride’s costume, which means an indispensable element of the wedding ceremony. As a result of studies of the Yakut burials of the XVII-XVIII centuries, it was established that the tangalai was included in the complex of accompanying material during the funeral rite of a married woman. An analysis of ethnographic literature, the results of field scientific research, available visual sources was made, fragments of clothing stored in museums extracted from funerary monuments were studied. As the study showed, the tangalai from the At-Daban VI burial has similar features with samples of similar shoulder-clothes found and studied earlier: general principles of decor, color scheme, and peculiarities of the location of sewn jewelry. Distinctive features: a lowered waist line and narrow bibs were revealed. Based on a detailed study of the original source, masters of decorative and applied art carried out a hypothetical reconstruction of the tangalaya. Attention was paid to leather processing, seams, design features. Unsaved pieces of clothing were recreated using existing analogues

Новые данные о трансформации стока воды и наносов в дельте реки Лены по итогам экспедиционных измерений в августе 2022 г.

Field hydrological measurements were performed in the Lena River delta from the 10th to the 16th of August 2022. 25 values of water discharge and 58 suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) were measured, multiple chemical composition water samples were taken, along with samples of bottom and bank river sediments, and thermal abrasion coasts were highlighted. Particle size and chemical composition analyses of the sediment samples were carried out. The aim of the study was to estimate the water flow distribution in the delta and to determine the directional SSC, sediment particle size and chemical composition changes along the delta and inside the depth of the river flow, and define the roles of the local hydrological and morphological factors of river flow transformation. Moreover, field measurements are crucial for SSC estimation and monitoring based on satellite image data. The laboratory analyses included particle size definition in suspended and bottom sediment samples, organic matter and SSC definition. The August 2022 expedition results were compared to the previous surveys. It was established that the flow distribution around the Stolb island corresponds with that of 2016: the Bykovsky, Trophimovsky, Tumatsky and Oleneksky branches receive 24.9–25.5, 58–59.2, 6 and 6.6 % of the water discharge from the Kusur gauging station on the Lena River, respectively. However, the role of the Main channel was slightly overestimated. The new data includes water discharges in the branches around the Samoilovsky island and in the channel systems of the Oleneksky and Tumatsky branches. SSC was relatively low and amounted to around 12–24 mg/l, rising from the water surface to the bottom 1.2–2 times. SSC decreased along the course of the Oleneksky and Tumatsky branches (1.5 and 1.1 times, respectively) due to the ratio between SSC and the potential stream transport capacity. SSC rose along the course of the Bykovsky branch, even though it wasn’t shown by the Landsat-8 satellite image (16th of August 2022). A significant sediment source in the delta are eroded and thermo eroded shores of the edoma island systems. The average sediment size proved to be from 0.011 to 0.019 mm. SSC does not vary much around the main channel and the nearest branches. Important relations between SSC, optical turbidity and ADCP backscatter intensity were estimated. The coarse diameter of 30 bottom sediment samples was 0.46 mm. The largest sediments were discovered in the Bykovsky branch, while the smallest sediments were found in the smaller transverse branches. Along the Tumatsky and Oleneksky branches the bottom sediments alternate from fine to medium sands.Статья содержит важные итоги полевых и комплексных гидрологических исследований, проводившихся в дельте р. Лены с 10 по 16 августа 2022 г. Были измерены 25 расходов воды и концентрации взвесей вбречных водах, отобраны пробы воды, образцы донного и берегового грунтов на гранулометрический и химический состав, отмечены размываемые берега. Целью исследований было изучение распределениябстока воды и наносов Лены между дельтовыми рукавами, изменений мутности воды, гранулометрического и химического состава наносов от вершины к морскому краю дельты, по глубине и ширине потока, роли в них местных гидролого-морфологических и термоабразионных процессов. Полученные натурные данные необходимы для познания особенностей современного рассредоточения стока воды и наносов в огромной и многорукавной дельте Лены, его изменений с момента последних стационарных и экспедиционных измерений, для дешифрирования спутниковых снимков, разработки инструментария для пересчета поверхностных измерений в осредненные по сечению потока

Клинико-эпидемиологические особенности внебольничной пневмонии в период эпидемии респираторных вирусных инфекций

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common lower respiratory tract diseases. An increase in the CAP incidence has been reported to be associated with epidemics of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI).Aim. Аssess clinical and epidemiological features of CAP in patients admitted to hospital during an ARVI epidemic.Methods. A cross-sectional study included 208 patient records. Medical history, physical examination, laboratory and imaging data were analyzed. CAP severity was assessed by CRB-65 scale and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria.Results. Most CAP patients (75%) were of active working age; all presented signs of ARVI upon admission. Nasal mucosa diagnostic smears have revealed type A influenza viruses: H1N1 – 5 (83.3%) and H3N2 – 1 (16.7%) cases. 195 (93.8%) patients were not vaccinated against influenza. X-rays showed that unilateral (81.7%) and lobular pneumonia (55.8%) were the most common CAP types. 93.2% patients had nonsevere CAP, according to CRB-65. But 88 (42.3%) subjects qualified for SIRS upon admission. Concomitant conditions as risk factors of an adverse course of CAP were present in 89 patients (42.8%). Sputum analysis, if available, most frequently identified Streptococcus pneumoniae (23 cases or 38.9%) as a causative agent. Antibacterial drugs (ABD) used to treat CAP were ceftriaxone 206 (99%), macrolides 188 (90.4%), and fluoroquinolones 94 (45.2%). The initial antibacterial treatment regimens were: 186 (89.4%) prescriptions of ceftriaxone + macrolides, 16 (7.7%) prescriptions of ceftriaxone alone, and 6 (2.9%) prescriptions of levofloxacin. A switch between ABDs was reported in 78 (37.5%) cases, including 61 switches to fluoroquinolones. The median ABD administration duration was 10 (8 – 13) days.Conclusion. Most of the hospitalized CAP patients were of working age and not vaccinated against influenza. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common causative agent. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) smear analysis was performed only in 6 patients with ARVI, which does not allow us to assess the role of viruses and viral-bacterial associations in the etiology of CAP. In spite of non-severe CAP, all hospitalizations were justified, due to multiple risk factors of unfavorable prognosis of CAP and epidemiological factors. Most patients received a combination of generation 3 cephalosporins and macrolides as the initial therapy for CAP.Внебольничная пневмония (ВП) – одно из наиболее распространенных заболеваний нижних дыхательных путей. Рост заболеваемости ВП сопряжен с периодами эпидемий острых респираторных вирусных инфекций (ОРВИ).Целью работы явилась оценка клинико-эпидемиологических особенностей ВП у пациентов, госпитализированных в стационар в период эпидемии ОРВИ.Материалы и методы. Проанализированы истории болезни пациентов (n = 208) – данные анамнеза, осмотра, лабораторных и инструментальных исследований. Тяжесть ВП определялась при помощи шкалы оценки степени тяжести ВП и выбора места лечения пациента по шкале CRB-65 CRB-65 и критериев синдрома системной воспалительной реакции (ССВР).Результаты. Отмечено, что 75 % пациентов с ВП были трудоспособного возраста, у всех выявлены признаки ОРВИ. При диагностике мазков из полости носа обнаружены вирусы гриппа типа А: H1N1 – у 5 (83,3 %) и H3N2 – у 1 (16,7 %); 195 (93,75 %) пациентов не были вакцинированы против гриппа. Рентгенологически чаще выявлялись односторонняя (81,7 %) и долевая (55,8 %) пневмония; у 93,2 % пациентов наблюдалось нетяжелое течение ВП по шкале CRB-65. Критерии ССВР выявлены в 88 (42,3 %), сопутствующая патология как фактор риска (ФР) неблагоприятного течения ВП – в 89 (42,8 %) случаях. При бактериологическом исследовании мокроты чаще обнаруживался Streptococcus pneumoniae – 23 (38,9 %). Наиболее часто в стационаре использовались следующие антибактериальные препараты (АБП): цефтриаксон – у 206 (99 %), макролиды – у 188 (90,4 %), фторхинолоны – у 94 (45,2 %) больных. В качестве стартовой антибактериальной терапии (АБТ) применялся цефтриаксон + макролид – у 186 (89,4 %), цефтриаксон – у 16 (7,7 %), левофлоксацин – у 6 (2,9 %) пациентов. В 37,5 % случаев произведена смена одного АБП на другой, в 88,5 % – добавлены фторхинолоны. Продожительность курсов АБТ составила 10 (8–13) дней.Заключение. Наиболее частым возбудителем ВП являлся Streptococcus pneumoniae. Диагностика мазков методом полимеразной цепной реакции проводилась только у 6 больных ОРВИ, что не позволяет оценить роль вирусов и вирусно-бактериальных ассоциаций в этиологии ВП. Несмотря на нетяжелое течение ВП у большинства пациентов, все госпитализации в стационар являлись обоснованными наличием множественных ФР неблагоприятного прогноза ВП и эпидемиологических показаний. В качестве стартовой терапии ВП большинство пациентов получали комбинацию цефалоспоринов III поколения и макролидов