Microwave Assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Study of Some Chalcone Compounds Derived from Phenyl Isothiocyanate

Chalcones are synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation, which involves cross-aldol condensation of appropriate aldehydes and ketones by base catalyzed reaction, the new chalcone derivatives synthesized by the reaction aldehyde with their compounds. By microwave assisted synthesis, a considerable increase in the reaction rate has been observed and that too, with better yields. M.P., TLC, CHN, FTIR, NMR and MS spectroscopy has characterized all the synthesized compounds. The biological screening data of the synthesized compounds were also studied. Keywords: microwave, chalcone, antibacterial. DOI: 10.7176/CMR/11-3-05 Publication date:March 31st 201

Microwave Assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Study of Some Novel Schiff's Bases, Thaizolidinone and Chalcone Compounds Derived from Mefenamic Acid

This work involves synthesis of some new heterocyclic compounds including thaizolidinone compounds. The new Schiff bases derived from mefenamic acid, which was synthesized by microwave irradiation of mefenamic acid with hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethanol and this amino compound condensation with different aromatic aldehydes in absolute ethanol. Thaizolidinone compounds were synthesized by cycloaddition reaction of mercapto acetic acid to imine group of Schiff bases in dry benzene. The new chalcone derivatives synthesized by the reaction aldehyde with their compounds.  M.P., TLC, CHN, UV, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy has characterized all the synthesized compounds. The biological screening data of the synthesized compounds were also studied. Keywords: Schiff bases, thaizolidinone, chalcone, antibacterial

Estimation of some Immunological Factors in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم بعض معايير المناعة الخلوية لمرضى التدرن الرئوي من خلال تقدير مستويات الانترلوكينات IFN-γ )وIL-10و( IL-12   وتقدير فيتامين. D3  تم خلال الدراسة جمع عينات الدم من 50 مريضا بالتدرن الرئوي من المراجعات الى العيادة الاستشارية للأمراض الصدرية في الحلة -محافظة بابل خلال الفترة مابين شهر شباط 2016 إلى شباط 2017. ومن بين مرضى التدرن الرئوي، كان هناك 27 ذكور و23 إناث، وعمر المرضى يتراوح بين 12-80 عاما. تم قياس السايتوكينات وفيتامين D3باستخدام تقنية الاليزا. أظهر متوسط ​​تركيز مصل الدم IL-10  وIL-12 أن هناك زيادة معنوية (p˂ 0.05) في مرضى التدرن الرئوي بالمقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة (4.024 و1.049) بغ / مل , (51.563 و13.514) بغ / مل على التوالي.  في حين لم يظهر متوسط ​​تركيز مصل IFN-γ زيادة معنوية (p˃0.05) في مرضى التدرن الرئوي مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة (36.505 و25.019) بغ / مل. أظهر متوسط ​​تركيز مصل الدم ل VD3 انخفاضا معنويا (p ˂ 0.05) في مرضى التدرن الرئوي مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة (18.186 و29.321) نغ/ لThis study aimed to assess the status of cell mediated immunity for pulmonary tuberculosis patients through evaluation levels of Interleukins (IFN-γ ,IL-10, IL-12) and estimation vitamin D3 . Whole blood samples collected from 50 pulmonary tuberculosis patients who are admitted to consultant clinic for respiratory diseases in Hilla – Babylon province during the period from February 2016 to February 2017. Out of the pTB patients, there were 27 males and 23 females, the patients age range was between 12-80 years. Cytokines levels and vitamin D3 estimated by using ELISA technique. The mean of serum concentration of IL-10  and IL-12 revealed that there is a significantly increased (p˂ 0.05) in pulmonary tuberculosis patients as compared to controls (4.024 and 1.049)pg/ml (51.563 and 13.514) pg/ml ,respectively. While, the mean of serum concentration of IFN-γ showed no significant increasing (p˃0.05) in pulmonary tuberculosis patients compared to controls (36.505 and 25.019)pg/ml.  The mean of serum concentration of VD3 showed a significant decreasing (p˂ 0.05) in pulmonary tuberculosis patients as compared to controls (18.186 and 29.321) ng/ml. Conclusions: The results provide a good correlation between the levels of  IL-10 , IL-12, IFN-γ and Vitamin D3 with the cellular immunity against pulmonary tuberculosis

Estimating Base Saturation Flow Rate for Selected Signalized Intersections in Al-Najaf City

The correct saturation flow rates for the specific circumstances must be used to calculate delays and the level of Service at intersections. As a result of a lack of local data, practitioners would often use default values from overseas software developers. Base saturation flow rate is an important factor for timing traffic signals. Despite the 1, 900 pc/h/ln number suggested by the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), the base saturation flow rate differs from city to city, dependent on the local driving habits and traffic conditions. As a result, it's crucial to estimate, given the local climate. As a result, erroneous decisions may be made that have incorrect results. This study attempts to estimate the base saturation flow rate in Al-Najaf City. The following situations were observed: Turning movement (through or right); Gradient (Up and down); Number of through lanes; and Speed limit (60 and 80 km/h). The mean headway from a total of 9931 through moving vehicles from 187 lineups was calculated to be 1.55. The basic saturation flow rate was therefore determined to be 2, 323 pc/h/ln. This result is substantially higher than the 1, 900 pc/h/ln proposed by the HCM, but it is comparable to results from other nations with similar traffic conditions and driving habits. The results show significant differences between the saturation flow rates when the conditions of the movements are different in terms of the above characteristics. Recommendations are made regarding the most appropriate values to use under different conditions

Preparation of modified release diltiazem HCl capsule by complexation with ion exchange resin

Background: Diltiazem HCl is a calcium channel blocker drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. Objective: To prepare a sustained release diltiazem HCl capsule by complexation with polystyrene sulfonate strong cation exchange resin (dowex®50wx4) as a complexing and retarding agent. Methods: The effect of stirring time and drug: resin ratio on diltiazem HCl loading on dowex®50wx4 was studied. Drug resin complexes were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The release of drug from the complexes was examined in pH 1.2 and pH 6.8 separately in comparison with pure drug and with commercially available sustained release products Tildia® 120mg capsule and BITildiem ® 120mg tablets Results and conclusion: Most efficient loading was obtained using 1:2 and 1:2.5 drug:resin ratio with stirring time of 60 and 30 minutes respectively. The resultant complexes only retard the release of diltiazem HCl when compared with pure drug while the sustained release product was obtained by coating the complex with carnauba wax and the retardation increased as a function of wax concentration. 20% of wax coated complex gave the release profile approximately similar to the marketed sustained release product of diltiazem HCl, Bi-Tildiem® (Sanofi-France) 120 mg tablets

EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF A PILED RAFT FOUNDATION

The piled raft is a geotechnical composite construction consisting of three elements: piles, raft and soil. In the design of piled rafts, the load shared between the piles and the raft, and the piles are used up to a load level that can be of the same order of magnitude as the bearing capacity of a comparable single pile or even greater. Therefore, the piled raft foundation allows reduction of settlements in a very economic way as compared to traditional foundation concepts. This paper presents experimental study to investigate the behavior of piled raft system in sandy soil. A small scale “prototype” model was tested in a sand box with load applied to the system through a compression machine. The settlement was measured at the center of the raft, strain gages were used to measure the strains and calculate the total load carried by piles. Four configurations of piles (2x1, 3x1, 2x2 and 3x2) were tested in the laboratory, in addition to rafts with different sizes. The effects of pile length, pile diameter, and raft thickness on the load carrying capacity of the piled raft system are included in the load-settlement presentation. It was found that the percentage of the load carried by piles to the total applied load of the groups (2x1, 3x1, 2x2, 3x2) with raft thickness of 5 mm, pile diameter of 9 mm, and pile length of 200 mm was 28% , 38% , 56% , 79% , respectively. The percent of the load carried by piles increases with the increase of number of piles

Accuracy of ultrasound versus computed tomography in diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis

Background: ultrasound offers non-invasive, rapid and simple method for confirming the clinical diagnosis of maxillary sinus pathologies. Objective: to evaluate the accuracy of real time ultrasound compared with the computed tomography in evaluation of maxillary sinusitis. Patients and materials: This comparative cross-sectional study was done on 42 patients referred for computed tomography examination of paranasal sinuses in Al-Yarmook Teaching Hospital-Baghdad, from October 2012 to February 2013 with patients clinically suggesting an underlying maxillary sinusitis. Ultrasound and computed tomography examinations were carried out on the same day, the ultrasound being the first investigation. The sample of this study consisted of 26 men and 16 women. The age of patients ranged between 20-60 years, mean age equal to 38 years. Our patients were randomly selected. Results: The results are based on the data analysis of total forty two [84 sinuses] patients with symptoms and/or signs of maxillary sinus diseases. In this study, real time B-mode ultrasonography of maxillary compared with computed tomography had a 81.8% sensitivity, 100 % specificity and 90.4% accuracy. The present study showed that total opacity of the maxillary sinus on computed tomography frequently gave a positive full sinus scan [77.7%] while the rest shows partial sinus scan [22.3%]. All patients with positive full sinus scan on ultrasound of maxillary sinuses have total opacity on computed tomography. Conclusion: Ultrasound can help as one of primary investigations of maxillary sinusitis. A positive full sinus scan appeared specific for total opacity of the maxillary sinus on computed tomography. A postural adjustment of the patient slightly bent foreword reduces the false negative results

Increased monocyte actin polymerization in rat blood after intratracheal instillation of air pollution particles

BACKGROUND: Exposure to particulate air pollution is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The mechanism by which exposure increases risk is poorly understood but could involve changes in the flow properties of blood. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this investigation was to assess the effect, in rats, of intratracheal instillation of particulate air pollution on leukocyte flow properties by measurement of polymorphonucleocyte (PMN) and monocyte actin polymerisation. METHODS: Rats were exposed to particulate air pollution by intratracheal instillation of PM10. Blood was collected from test and control animals at 3 days (n=10) and 6 weeks (n=10) after dust instillation. Partial differential leukocyte counts were performed. The intracellular F-actin content of blood PMNs and monocytes was determined by staining with FITC-phalloidin and flow cytometric determination of mean florescence intensity (MFI). RESULTS: There were no significant changes in PMN MFI (p=0.369, ANOVA) or cell counts (p=0.753, ANOVA). There was a significant increase in monocyte MFI (p=0.004, ANOVA) and a decrease in monocyte cell count (p=0.003, ANOVA) in instilled rats. CONCLUSIONS: Intratracheal instillation of air pollution particles resulted in an increase in blood monocyte actin polymerisation, which may cause trapping of monocytes. This could be a mechanism by which exposure to air pollution increases the risk of cardiovascular disease