Влияние дозаривания на биохимические показатели плодов томата (Solanum lycopersicum L.) оранжевой окраски

Relevance. When creating tomato varieties and hybrids, much attention is paid not only to the commercial component (yield, appearance and uniform ripening), but also to the taste qualities of the products. Salad tomato varieties with yellow, tangerine, and pink fruits are increasingly in demand. As a rule, these fruits do not store for a long time, so it is necessary to increase their storability and transportability. Fruits of this group of tomatoes have high antioxidant activity, which is due not only to the significant content of water-soluble antioxidants (such as ascorbic acid), but also carotenoids. The preservation of fruit largely depends on the dry matter content.The aim of investigation is to study biochemical parameters of tangerine tomatoes fruits under different ripening conditions.Materials and methods. Plants were grown in the greenhouse of Federal Scientific Vegetable Center. Biochemical characteristics of tomato fruits were studied during harvesting and after laying for storage in the milky ripeness phase according to the following indicators: dry matter, ascorbic acid, total content of water-soluble antioxidants, titratable acidity, monosaccharides, polyphenols and carotenoids.Results. The percentage of dry matter in tangerine tomato fruits does not change during storage, even increases slightly. The dry matter content of fruits from the open field is slightly higher than that of fruits from the greenhouse. The content of sugars and ascorbic acid in fruits with tangerine fruits after laying for ripening decreases slightly. However, the content of these compounds is higher in mature fruits immediately after picking than in fruits after ripening. The total content of antioxidants during ripening decreases, though not significantly (in 1.1-1.7 times). Актуальность. При создании сортов и гибридов томата уделяется большое внимание не только коммерческой составляющей (урожайности, внешнему виду и равномерному созреванию), но и вкусовым качествам продукции, относящиеся к органолептическим показателям. Все больше востребованы салатные сорта томата с жёлтыми, оранжевыми и розовыми плодами. Как правило, такие плоды долго не хранятся, в связи с чем необходимо увеличить их лёжкость и транспортабельность. Плоды данной группы томата имеют высокую антиоксидантную активность, которая обусловлена не только значительным содержанием водорастворимых антиоксидантов (например, аскорбиновой кислоты), но и каротиноидами. Сохранность плодов во многом зависит от содержания сухого вещества.Цель исследования – изучение биохимических показателей оранжевоокрашенных плодов томата при разных условиях дозаривания.Материалы и методы. Растения выращивали в поликарбонатных теплицах лаборатории селекции и семеноводства паслёновых культур ФГБНУ ФНЦО. В лабораторно-аналитическом отделе был изучен биохимический состав плодов томата при уборке с поля и после закладки на хранение в фазе молочной спелости по следующим показателям: сухое вещество, аскорбиновая кислота, суммарное содержания водорастворимых антиоксидантов, титруемая кислотность, моносахаров, полифенолы и каротиноиды.Результаты. Процент сухого вещества в оранжевоокрашенных плодах томата не изменяется при хранении, даже несколько повышается. Содержание сухого вещества в плодах из открытого грунта несколько выше, чем в плодах из теплицы. Содержание аскорбиновой кислоты в плодах с желто-оранжевой окраской плодов после закладки на дозаривание уменьшается в 1,2-1,4 раза, а сахаров в 1,4 раза. Однако в зрелых плодах, сразу после сбора, содержание данных соединений несколько выше, чем в плодах после дозаривания. Отмечена тенденция по снижению суммарного содержания водорастворимых антиоксидантов при дозаривании (в 1,1-1,7 раза).

«АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ БОТАНИКИ И ЭКОЛОГИИ», МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ МОЛОДЫХ УЧЁНЫХ

The International Conference of Young Scientists «Advances in Botany and Ecology» was held in September 19-23, 2012,Uzhgorod, Ukraine. The meeting was devoted to achievements of botany, physiology, mycology, bryology and lichenology, plant physiology and biochemistry, systematic of vascular plants, plant ecology and phytosociology. The organizers of the conference are M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and Uzhgorod National University/Сотрудники ВНИИССОК приняли участие в международной конференции молодых учёных «Актуальные проблемы ботаники и экологии», посвященной проблемам в области ботаники и экологии

Neuropsychological Disorders Indicative of Postresuscitation Encephalopaty in Rats

El propósito de este estudio fue examinar el efecto de una muerte clínica de 12 minutos de duración sobre el comportamiento innato y adquirido, la concentración amino biogénica, y la composición y cantidad de las poblaciones neuronales en regiones específicas en ratas blancas. El estudio muestra que durante el período con restauración formal del estatus neurológico, hay cambios en los animales en la reactividad emocional, las reacciones de orientación-exploración, trastornos de aprendizaje y memoria, reducción de la tolerancia al ejercicio y la sensibilidad al dolor. Estos procesos se acompañan de alteraciones en los niveles de serotonina y norepinefrina en la corteza cerebral frontal, en los niveles de dopamina y serotonina en el cuerpo estriado, ciertos índices bioquímicos en el plasma sanguíneo y pérdida neuronal en el sector CA1 del hipocampo y en porciones laterales del cerebelo.The aim of this research was to study the effect of 12-minute clinical death on innate and acquired behavior, biogenic amine concentration, and the composition and quantity of neural populations in specific brain regions of white rats. The study shows that in animals during the postresuscitation period with formal restoration of neurological status, there are changes in emotional reactivity, orientation-exploration reactions, impairment of learning and memory, decrease in exercise tolerance and pain sensitivity. These processes are accompanied by alterations in serotonin and norepinephrine levels in the frontal cerebral cortex, dopamine and serotonin levels in the striatum, certain biochemical indices in blood plasma and neural loss in the CA1 sector of the hippocampus and lateral portions of the cerebellum

The Importance of Creating Habilitation Programs for Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Aim of the study: to analyze the data of studies aimed at studying and substantiating the urgent need to create in Russia comprehensive habilitation programs for people with fetal alcohol syndrome, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and other mental disorders.Methods. The results of Russian and foreign studies have been analyzed concerning the following problems: observation and diagnosis of people with fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; studying the experience of foreign countries in addressing issues of prevention and overcoming of fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; studying the experience of Russian specialists (obstetricians-gynecologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, correctional teachers, etc.) working with the diagnosis of “Alcohol syndrome in the fetus”; assessing the socio-economic impact of organizing programs for the prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders by comparison with similar indicators in other countries.Results. The presented analysis of the data indicates that there is an urgent need for timely diagnosis of the disease, the search/creation of new drugs, for the treatment of the consequences of alcohol syndrome and the organization of training of specialists in this area. The article shows the importance of providing lifelong medical and social assistance to people with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, as well as to their families. The effectiveness of the creation of a system of measures for the prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders throughout the country has been confirmed.Conclusion. The development at the state level and implementation of prevention programs will significantly reduce the birth rate of children diagnosed with “Alcohol syndrome in the fetus” and, thus, reduce the costs of the state and society on overcoming the consequences of FAS/FASD. At the same time, timely and well-organized habilitation of people with FAS/FASD will significantly improve the social situation in society as a whole, as well as reduce the psychological burden on every family faced with this problem

ESTIMATION OF STATE OF PANCREAS AND CHANGE OF REGIONAL HEMODYNAMICS IN PATIENTS WITH EDEMATOUS FORM OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS WITH RECOVERY OUTCOME

The article shows peculiarities of regional circulation of the blood in patients with acute pancreatitis during conservative treatment. Obtained data allows to estimate state of pancreas objectively and also to control adequacy of the treatment

The role of obstetric pessary and micronized progesteron in early preterm birth prevention in patients with multiple pregnancy

Background. Multiple pregnancy is a well-established risk factor for preterm birth. Prevention of early termination of pregnancy is a priority problem in obstetric practice.The aim. To evaluate the role of an obstetric pessary and micronized progesterone in the prevention of early preterm labor in patients with multiple pregnancies.Materials and methods. A prospective controlled study was conducted with the inclusion of 146 pregnant women with multiple pregnancies, which, depending on the methods of treatment, were divided into three groups: Group I (n = 67) – pregnant women who received micronized progesterone in combination with an obstetric pessary; Group II (n = 57) included women who received micronized progesterone; Group III (n = 22) consisted of patients with multiple pregnancies without therapy.Results. In Group I, the complex of an obstetric pessary and micronized progesterone allowed to reduce the frequency of preterm birth by 2.3 times (p = 0.008) in comparison with Group III, the frequency of births at gestational age ≤ 34 weeks – by 8.1 times (p = 0.005) in compared with Group III and 2.7 times (p < 0.01) compared with Group II. In 70.4 % of pregnant women, the use of a complex of an obstetric pessary with micronized progesterone made it possible to prevent the formation of isthmiccervical insufficiency, which, according to sonography, was expressed in the dynamics of the utero-cervical angle towards a more obtuse one.Conclusion. The use of an obstetric pessary with micronized progesterone made it possible to reduce the risks of isthmic-cervical insufficiency by 7.7 % compared with patients who received only micronized progesterone therapy, and by 17.1 % compared with pregnant women who did not receive therapy

Pharmacological blockade of cannabinoid type II receptors and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in a model of peripheral neuropathic pain

Objective. To evaluate the anti-nociceptive and reparative effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) under the pharmacological blockade of cannabinoid CB2 receptors in a model of peripheral neuropathic pain.Material and methods. In 40 male Wistar rats, modeling of peripheral neuropathy (NP) was performed by excising a sciatic nerve. On day 7 of the study, ADMSCs (1 × 106 cells/kg) were transplanted into the area of sciatic nerve injury without additional influences or after administration of the CB2 receptor antagonist AM630, as well as after incubation with AM630. Within 90  days, nociceptive sensitivity was studied, as well as a detailed analysis of gait using CatWalk XT (Noldus, Netherlands). On day 21 and day 90, histostructure of the distal segment of the sciatic nerve was assessed.Results. Pharmacological blockade of CB2 receptors both on the ADMSCs and in the soft tissues surrounding the site of sciatic nerve injury led to a decrease in withdrawal threshold and withdrawal latency from day 28 of the study compared with the group of rats with NP and transplantation of ADMSCs only. Local injection of AM630 before transplantation of ADMSCs contributed to the development of  NP-induced gait disturbances and increase of the number of damaged nerve fibers in the distal segment of sciatic nerve. Transplantation of ADMSCs pretreated with  AM630 did not significantly affect the rate of recovery of gait parameters, and decreased the number of damaged nerve fibers by day 90 of study.Conclusion. Blockade of CB2 receptors, both on the membranes of MSCs and in the area of damage to the peripheral nerve, has a negative effect on the development of the anti-nociceptive and reparative effects of MSCs

On the question of human life safety in geologically active zones

Today geological active zones unite active faults of lithosphere especially earth’s crust and caused by them zones of increased permeability such as paleo-valleys and underground water flows, karst and geological bodies, that are different in terms of composition and structure from the enclosing rocks. There is an evidence that mortality in geologically active zones increases dramatically, mental instability is detected and road accidents are more frequent. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the frequency of suicides among the residents of Saint Petersburg living above the geologically active zones and outside these zones and the influence of geomagnetic and gravitational disturbances on them. The dynamics of suicides among residents of 446 high-rise building in the territory of the Kalininsky and Vasileostrovsky districts of the city of Saint Petersburg is analyzed. Geological structure of those buildings was most studied. From 1999 to 2003 there were 268 suicides among the residents of such buildings. The group A included homes that were at least 40 m above the nearest tectonic fault. Group B included residential buildings located above or in the immediate vicinity of the faults. During the geomagnetic storms, full moon and new moon periods the number of suicides in a group A decreased. Magnetic storms and gravitational disturbances did not affect the frequency of suicides in a group B. There is also no significant correlation between dynamics of suicides and daily values of the K-index of the geomagnetic field, as well as between dynamics of suicides and the 3-hour geomagnetic activity in both groups. Results of studies presented in this paper show that there is no evidence of a significant negative impact of tectonic faults on people living above them