Is economic planning hypercomputational? The argument from Cantor diagonalisation

Murphy [26] argues that the diagonal argument of the number theorist Cantor can be used to elucidate issues that arose in the socialist calculation debate of the 1930s. In particular he contends that the diagonal argument buttresses the claims of the Austrian economists regarding the impossibility of rational planning.We challenge Murphy’s argument, both at the number theoretic level and from the standpoint of economic realism

Personnel techniques necessary to maximize bio-barrier integrity at a Martian receiving laboratory

The planning of biological isolation measures for the Mars Surface Sample Return Mission is discussed in terms of personnel and organizational management. Deficiencies in past operation of the Lunar Receiving Laborator are analyzed. It was found that the failure to clearly define relationship among the government agencies involved and to effectively integrate their objectives and responsibilities was a major cause of Laboratory deficiencies. Possible solutions to these problems are presented for application to future missions

Modelling DNA Response to THz Radiation

Collective response of DNA to THz electric fields is studied in a simple pair bond model. We confirm, with some caveats, a previous observation of destabilising DNA breather modes and explore the parameter-dependence of these modes. It is shown that breather modes are eliminated under reasonable physical conditions and that thermal effects are significant.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. version to appear in Phys. Rev.

Bayesian Recursive Update for Ensemble Kalman Filters

Few real-world systems are amenable to truly Bayesian filtering; nonlinearities and non-Gaussian noises can wreak havoc on filters that rely on linearization and Gaussian uncertainty approximations. This article presents the Bayesian Recursive Update Filter (BRUF), a Kalman filter that uses a recursive approach to incorporate information from nonlinear measurements. The BRUF relaxes the measurement linearity assumption of the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) by dividing the measurement update into a user-defined number of steps. The proposed technique is extended for ensemble filters in the Bayesian Recursive Update Ensemble Kalman Filter (BRUEnKF). The performance of both filters is demonstrated in numerical examples, and new filters are introduced which exploit the theoretical foundation of the BRUF in different ways. A comparison between the BRUEnKF and Gromov flow, a popular particle flow algorithm, is presented in detail. Finally, the BRUEnKF is shown to outperform the EnKF for a very high-dimensional system

Plant sphingolipids: their importance in cellular organization and adaption

Sphingolipids and their phosphorylated derivatives are ubiquitous bio-active components of cells. They are structural elements in the lipid bilayer and contribute to the dynamic nature of the membrane. They have been implicated in many cellular processes in yeast and animal cells, including aspects of signaling, apoptosis, and senescence. Although sphingolipids have a better defined role in animal systems, they have been shown to be central to many essential processes in plants including but not limited to, pollen development, signal transduction and in the response to biotic and abiotic stress. A fuller understanding of the roles of sphingolipids within plants has been facilitated by classical biochemical studies and the identification of mutants of model species. Recently the development of powerful mass spectrometry techniques hailed the advent of the emerging field of lipidomics enabling more accurate sphingolipid detection and quantitation. This review will consider plant sphingolipid biosynthesis and function in the context of these new developments. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Lipid Biology edited by Kent D. Chapman and Ivo Feussner

Ueber das Butyrylaldehyd und das Propionylaldehyd

n/

Introduction of Vegetative and Reproductive Characters into Trifolium Repens by Interspecific Hybridisation

Interspecific hybridization between white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and ball clover (T.nigrescens) and Caucasian clover (T.ambiguum) is a means of improving the reproductive growth and persistency of T.repens. F1 hybrids between T.repens and T.nigrescens were produced without ovule culture and confirmed as true hybrids by chromosome counts, isoenzyme analysis and leaf markers. Their growth habit was generally intermediate between the two parents. After backcrossing to T.repens the BC1 and BC2 hybrids had more of the characteristics associated with T.repens though they retained some of the greater reproductive growth of T.nigrescens. Hybrids between T.repens and T.ambiguum were produced using ovule culture. Two F1 seedlings were produced with a morphology intermediate to the two parents. 35 BC1 seedlings were produced with a similar morphology to the F1 but with less of the T.ambiguum growth habit. The BC2 population showed greater variability in the expression of characters from Caucasian clover and contained only 10% of plants with the combined stoloniferous and rhizomatous habit. The implications for improving the growth of T.repens by interspecific hybridization are discussed

Drought Tolerance of Interspecific Hybrids between \u3ci\u3eTrifolium repens\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3eTrifolium ambiguum\u3c/i\u3e

Hybrids between the stolonifeous white clover (Trifolium repens L., 2n=4x=32) and rhizomatous Caucasian clover (T. ambiguum M.Bieb, 2n=4x=32) have been produced. A backcross 2 (BC2) generation with white clover as the recurrent parent combines the growth habit of both parent species with the objective of increasing the persistency of large leaved T. repens varieties under grazing. T. ambiguum is more drought tolerant than T. repens. The drought tolerance of the hybrids in comparison with the parental species was compared in deep soil bins over a four week drought cycle. Soil moisture content, leaf relative water content (RWC), and leaf water potential were measured on plants subjected to drought and those watered normally and maintained at field capacity. T. ambiguum and the backcross hybrids were able to maintain a higher leaf RWC and leaf water potential than T. repens at comparable levels of soil moisture. The dry matter production of the hybrids and parental species was also compared in field plots sown with a perennial ryegrass companion. In the first harvest year, under a cutting regime, the yield of T. repens was highest and T. ambiguum lowest with the hybrids intermediate between the parents, with the BC2 approaching the yield of T. repens. These hybrids will be evaluated over further years and under grazing. The implications of these results for T. repens germplasm improvement programmes are discussed