5,330 research outputs found
Self-consistent calculation of the electron distribution near a Quantum-Point Contact in the integer Quantum Hall Effect
In this work we implement the self-consistent Thomas-Fermi-Poisson approach
to a homogeneous two dimensional electron system (2DES). We compute the
electrostatic potential produced inside a semiconductor structure by a
quantum-point-contact (QPC) placed at the surface of the semiconductor and
biased with appropriate voltages. The model is based on a semi-analytical
solution of the Laplace equation. Starting from the calculated confining
potential, the self-consistent (screened) potential and the electron densities
are calculated for finite temperature and magnetic field. We observe that there
are mainly three characteristic rearrangements of the incompressible "edge"
states, which will determine the current distribution near a QPC.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Dissipative optomechanical squeezing of light
We discuss a simple yet surprisingly effective mechanism which allows the
generation of squeezed output light from an optomechanical cavity. In contrast
to the well known mechanism of "ponderomotive squeezing", our scheme generates
squeezed output light by explicitly using the dissipative nature of the
mechanical resonator. We show that our scheme has many advantages over
ponderomotive squeezing; in particular, it is far more effective in the good
cavity limit commonly used in experiments. Furthermore, the squeezing generated
in our approach can be directly used to enhance the intrinsic measurement
sensitivity of the optomechanical cavity; one does not have to feed the
squeezed light into a separate measurement device. As our scheme is very
general, it could also e.g. be implemented using superconducting circuits
Arbitrarily large steady-state bosonic squeezing via dissipation
We discuss how large amounts of steady-state quantum squeezing (beyond 3 dB)
of a mechanical resonator can be obtained by driving an optomechanical cavity
with two control lasers with differing amplitudes. The scheme does not rely on
any explicit measurement or feedback, nor does it simply involve a modulation
of an optical spring constant. Instead, it uses a dissipative mechanism with
the driven cavity acting as an engineered reservoir. It can equivalently be
viewed as a coherent feedback process, obtained by minimally perturbing the
quantum nondemolition measurement of a single mechanical quadrature. This shows
that in general the concepts of coherent feedback schemes and reservoir
engineering are closely related. We analyze how to optimize the scheme, how the
squeezing scales with system parameters, and how it may be directly detected
from the cavity output. Our scheme is extremely general, and could also be
implemented with, e.g., superconducting circuits.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures ; 6 pages supplemental informatio
Optomechanical circuits for nanomechanical continuous variable quantum state processing
We propose and analyze a nanomechanical architecture where light is used to
perform linear quantum operations on a set of many vibrational modes. Suitable
amplitude modulation of a single laser beam is shown to generate squeezing,
entanglement, and state-transfer between modes that are selected according to
their mechanical oscillation frequency. Current optomechanical devices based on
photonic crystals may provide a platform for realizing this scheme.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
Review of The Sleeper's Almanac 8 edited by Zoe Dattner and Louise Swinn
Review of The Sleeper's Almanac 8 edited by Zoe Dattner and Louise Swin
Decoherence induced by an interacting spin environment in the transition from integrability to chaos
We investigate the decoherence properties of a central system composed of two
spins 1/2 in contact with a spin bath. The dynamical regime of the bath ranges
from a fully integrable integrable limit to complete chaoticity. We show that
the dynamical regime of the bath determines the efficiency of the decoherence
process. For perturbative regimes, the integrable limit provides stronger
decoherence, while in the strong coupling regime the chaotic limit becomes more
efficient. We also show that the decoherence time behaves in a similar way. On
the contrary, the rate of decay of magnitudes like linear entropy or fidelity
does not depend on the dynamical regime of the bath. We interpret the latter
results as due to a comparable complexity of the Hamiltonian for both the
integrable and the fully chaotic limits.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Topological phase transitions and chiral inelastic transport induced by the squeezing of light
We show how the squeezing of light can lead to the formation of topological
states. Such states are characterized by non-trivial Chern numbers, and exhibit
protected edge modes which give rise to chiral elastic and inelastic photon
transport. These topological bosonic states are not equivalent to their
fermionic (topological superconductor) counterparts and cannot be mapped by a
local transformation onto topological states found in particle-conserving
models. They thus represent a new type of topological system. We study this
physics in detail in the case of a Kagome lattice model, and discuss possible
realizations using nonlinear photonic crystals or superconducting circuits.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Settlement and resettlement experience from Uganda’s National parks, game reserves and forest reserves
In Uganda the need for and justification of population resettlement has risen from a number of aspects related to the country’s economic setting. The existence of agricultural land of high potential but low population densities; settlement on land cleared of tse tse infestation as a mechanism to prevent resurgence of the fly; forced or persuaded movement of people from areas of high population densities
Transverse angular momentum of photons
We develop the quantum theory of transverse angular momentum of light beams.
The theory applies to paraxial and quasi-paraxial photon beams in vacuum, and
reproduces the known results for classical beams when applied to coherent
states of the field. Both the Poynting vector, alias the linear momentum, and
the angular momentum quantum operators of a light beam are calculated including
contributions from first-order transverse derivatives. This permits a correct
description of the energy flow in the beam and the natural emergence of both
the spin and the angular momentum of the photons. We show that for collimated
beams of light, orbital angular momentum operators do not satisfy the standard
commutation rules. Finally, we discuss the application of our theory to some
concrete cases.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Fermionic Mach-Zehnder interferometer subject to a quantum bath
We study fermions in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, subject to a
quantum-mechanical environment leading to inelastic scattering, decoherence,
renormalization effects, and time-dependent conductance fluctuations. Both the
loss of interference contrast as well as the shot noise are calculated, using
equations of motion and leading order perturbation theory. The full dependence
of the shot-noise correction on setup parameters, voltage, temperature and the
bath spectrum is presented. We find an interesting contribution due to
correlations between the fluctuating renormalized phase shift and the output
current, discuss the limiting behaviours at low and high voltages, and compare
with simpler models of dephasing.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
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