622 research outputs found
The generation of noise by the fluctuations in gas temperature into a turbine
An actuator disc analysis is used to calculate the pressure
fluctuations produced by the convection of temperature
fluctuations (entropy waves) into one or more rows of blades.
The perturbations in pressure and temperature must be small,
but the mean flow deflection and acceleration are generally
large. The calculations indicate that the small temperature
fluctuations produced by combustion chambers are sufficient
to produce large amounts of acoustic power.
Although designed primarily to calculate the effect of
entropy waves, the method is more general and is able to
predict the pressure and vorticity waves generated by
upstream or downstream going pressure waves or by vorticity
waves impinging on blade rows
Effect of the NACA Injection Impeller on the Mixture Distribution of a Double-Row Radial Aircraft Engine
The NACA injection impeller was developed to improve the mixture distribution of aircraft engines by discharging the fuel from a centrifugal supercharger impeller, thus promoting a thorough mixing of fuel and charge air. Tests with a double-row radial aircraft engine indicated that for the normal range of engine power the NACA injection impeller provided marked improvement in mixture distribution over the standard spray-bar injection system used in the same engine. The mixture distribution at cruising conditions was excellent; at 1200, 15OO, and 1700 brake horsepower, the differences between the fuel-air ratios of the richest and the leanest cylinders were reduced to approximately one-third their former values. The maximum cylinder temperatures were reduced about 30 [degrees] F and the temperature distribution was improved by approximately the
degree expected from the improvement in mixture distribution. Because the mixture distribution of the engine tested improves slightly at engine powers exceeding 1500 brake horsepower and because the effectiveness of the particular impeller diminished slightly at high rates of fuel flow, the improvement in mixture distribution at
rated power and rich mixtures was less than that for other conditions.
The difference between the fuel-air ratios of the richest and the leanest cylinders of the engine using the standard spray bar was so great that the fuel-air ratios of several cylinders were well below the chemically correct mixture, whereas other cylinders were operating at rich mixtures. Consequently, enrichment to improve engine cooling actually increascd some of the critical temperatures. The uniform mixture distribution providod by the injection impeller restored the normal response of cylinder temperatures to mixture enrichnent
A Systematic Experimental and Computational Investigation of a Class of Contoured Wall Fuel Injectors
The performance of a particular class of fuel injectors for
scramjet engine applications is addressed. The contoured
wall injectors were aimed at augmenting mixing through
axial vorticity production arising from interaction of the
fueVair interface with an oblique shock. Helium was used to
simulate hydrogen fuel and was injected at Mach 1.7 into a
Mach 6 airstream. The effects of incoming boundary layer
height. injector spacing, and injectant to freestream pressure and velocity ratios were investigated. Results from threedimensional flow field surveys and Navier-Stokes
simulations are presented. Performance was judged in
terms of mixing, loss generation and jet penetration.
Injector performance was strongly dependent on the
displacement effect of the hypersonic boundary layer which
acted to modify the effective wall geometry. The impact of
the boundary layer varied with injector array spacing.
Widely-spaced arrays were more resilient to the detrimental
effects of large boundary layers. Strong dependence on
injectant to free stream pressure ratio was also displayed.
Pressure ratios near unity were most conducive to losseffective mixing and strong jet penetration. Effects due to variation in mean shear associated with non-unity velocity ratios were found to be secondary within the small range of values tested
Offshore R+D Facility
Design a Research + Development facility that merges with a functional Oil Rig. This center will house both a Marine Research Center and Oil rig Research + Development center. Both of these facilities will be in a separate structure than the Oil Rig but will have a connection back to the Living Quarter
Visual feedback alters force control and functional activity in the visuomotor network after stroke.
Modulating visual feedback may be a viable option to improve motor function after stroke, but the neurophysiological basis for this improvement is not clear. Visual gain can be manipulated by increasing or decreasing the spatial amplitude of an error signal. Here, we combined a unilateral visually guided grip force task with functional MRI to understand how changes in the gain of visual feedback alter brain activity in the chronic phase after stroke. Analyses focused on brain activation when force was produced by the most impaired hand of the stroke group as compared to the non-dominant hand of the control group. Our experiment produced three novel results. First, gain-related improvements in force control were associated with an increase in activity in many regions within the visuomotor network in both the stroke and control groups. These regions include the extrastriate visual cortex, inferior parietal lobule, ventral premotor cortex, cerebellum, and supplementary motor area. Second, the stroke group showed gain-related increases in activity in additional regions of lobules VI and VIIb of the ipsilateral cerebellum. Third, relative to the control group, the stroke group showed increased activity in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex, and activity in this region did not vary as a function of visual feedback gain. The visuomotor network, cerebellum, and ipsilateral primary motor cortex have each been targeted in rehabilitation interventions after stroke. Our observations provide new insight into the role these regions play in processing visual gain during a precisely controlled visuomotor task in the chronic phase after stroke
Shock enhancement and control of hypersonic mixing and combustion
The possibility that shock enhanced mixing can
substantially increase the rate of mixing between
coflowing streams of hydrogen and air has been
studied in experimental and computational investigations.
Early numerical computations indicated that
the steady interaction between a weak shock in air
with a coflowing hydrogen jet can be well approximated
by the two-dimensional time-dependent interaction
between a weak shock and an initially circular
region filled with hydrogen imbedded in air. An experimental
investigation of the latter process has been
carned out in the Caltech 17 Inch Shock Tube in experiments
in which the laser induced fluorescence of
byacetyl dye is used as a tracer for the motion of the
helium gas after shock waves have passed across the
helium cylinder. The flow field has also been studied
using an Euler code computation of the flow field.
Both investigations show that the shock impinging
process causes the light gas cylinder to split into two
parts. One of these mixes rapidly with air and the
other forms a stably stratified vortex pair which mixes
more slowly; about 60% of the light gas mixes rapidly
with the ambient fluid. The geometry of the flow field
and the mixing process and scaling parameters are
discussed here. The success of this program encouraged
the exploration of a low drag injection system in
which the basic concept of shock generated streamwise
vorticity could be incorporated in an injector for
a Scramjet combustor at Mach numbers between 5
and 8. The results of a substantial computational
program and a description of the wind tunnel model and preliminary experimental results obtained in the
High Reynolds Number Mach 6 Tunnel at NASA Langley
Research Center are given here
Review and synthesis of problems and directions for large scale geographic information system development
Problems and directions for large scale geographic information system development were reviewed and the general problems associated with automated geographic information systems and spatial data handling were addressed
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