Methods of stabilization of mountain slopes near highways against landslides

In today’s transport sector, especially the highway sector, road safety remains an issue of high importance. Ensuring road safety, especially in mountainous areas, is one of the urgent problems of the industry. To increase the stability against displacement of landslides that may occur on highways and to ensure safe movement on roads. Road transport through mountainous areas faces a number of complexities and has to operate under several harsh conditions. Landslides are a constant threat to highways. In this regard, several countries have worked and presented their projects. This article proposes solutions to reduce the risk of landslides and landslides to highways. In this case, the statistics collected in the research were analyzed practically and engineering solutions suitable for different mountain conditions were used. The results and statistics collected as a result of field research and the proposed engineering solutions are specific to the mountain slopes and slopes of the “Kamchik” Pass, which passes through the mountainous region of the A-373 “Tashkent-Osh” highway of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The engineering solutions proposed in this paper, in accordance with the research findings, serve to effectively protect highways from landslides and to prevent economic losses caused by landslides on highways

Antithrombotic Therapy in Elderly Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: The State of the Problem in the Real Clinical Practice of a Family Medicine Doctor

Introduction. The research aimed at studying the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), especially in older age groups, is now increasingly relevant.The aim of the study is to analyze the situation with prescribing anticoagulant therapy in elderly and senile persons with atrial fibrillation in real clinical practice and to demonstrate the possibility of improving the quality of observation and management of a group of patients as part of the work of a specialized team.Materials and methods. A total of 2,770 medical records of outpatient patients with atrial fibrillation were studied for the period from 2017 to 2019. Of this number, 320 patients with AF of nonvalvular etiology were selected, the average age of which was 70.3 ± 8.15 years. There were 270 women and 50 men. An observational prospective study in 45 elderly and senile patients with AF of non-valvular etiology was carried out by a team of specialized doctors for 12 months.Results. Of the 301 patients, anticoagulant therapy was prescribed to 166 (55.1 %), of which only 17 (10.2 %) people received proper anticoagulant therapy. The excessive activity was observed in 114 (37.9 %) patients, who underwent antiplatelet therapy with aspirin, and 21 (7.0 %) patients remained without any treatment with anticoagulants nor antiplatelet agents. Although, in the case of both, prescribing aspirin and not prescribing, anticoagulants have been indicated. In the prospective part of the study (for 12 months), all 45 patients continued to take anticoagulants and were systematically monitored. The INR in the target range over 60 % of the time was achieved in 37 % of patients receiving warfarin therapy.Conclusion. In the actual clinical practice of Kyrgyzstan family medicine centers, older patients with atrial fibrillation receive inadequate antithrombotic therapy. The main drug of choice for specialists remains warfarin, a therapy that can be recognized as adequate only in a small number (16 %) of patients. The ability to improve the quality of surveillance and management of a group of patients with AF and high adherence to treatment was demonstrated by the work of a specialized team of doctors

EKOLOGICAL-FAUNAL ANALYSES OF THE TREMATODES OF WATER-MARSH BIRDS OF THE TRANSBOUNDARY JANDAN LAKE

In 2000-08 in the Jandar Lake, which is situated on the territories of Azerbaijan and Georgia, the author studied waterfowls of 23 species and found 35 species of trematodes. Trematode fauna was richer in birds with a wider range of food and bigger sizes, obligate ichthyophagous birds were infected with trematode more than birds, which rarely eating fish. Among the found trematodes 4 species are dangerous to birds, 3 species – to fish, and 3 species to human

Study of the reaction of olefins with acetic acid

The purpose of this work is to study the esterification of liquid olefins with acetic acid in the presence of catalysts and to study the structure and properties of the synthesized saturated esters. 1-Hexene, 2-methyl-1-pentene, 2-ethyl-1-pentene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, and 3-methyl-2-pentene were used as liquid olefins and acid catalysts were used as catalysts for the esterification reaction: H2SO4 and HCl. The influence of various factors (the nature of the catalysts, the relative activity of olefins and temperature a) on the rate of the esterification reaction was studied. It has been shown that the reaction rate is much higher in the presence of sulfuric acid than in HCl. It has been established that in the esterification of olefins with acetic acid, with an increase in the length of the side aliphatic substituent of 2-methyl-1-pentene olefins on 2-ethyl-1-pentene, the rate of the ester formation reaction decreases. The mechanisms of esterification reactions are presented. A basic technological scheme for the production of esters was proposed

Modelling parametric uncertainty in large-scale stratigraphic simulations

Abstract We combine forward stratigraphic models with a suite of uncertainty quantification and stochastic model calibration algorithms for the characterization of sedimentary successions in large scale systems. The analysis focuses on the information value provided by a probabilistic approach in the modelling of large-scale sedimentary basins. Stratigraphic forward models (SFMs) require a large number of input parameters usually affected by uncertainty. Thus, model calibration requires considerable time both in terms of human and computational resources, an issue currently limiting the applications of SFMs. Our work tackles this issue through the combination of sensitivity analysis, model reduction techniques and machine learning-based optimization algorithms. We first employ a two-step parameter screening procedure to identify relevant parameters and their assumed probability distributions. After selecting a restricted set of important parameters these are calibrated against available information, i.e., the depth of interpreted stratigraphic surfaces. Because of the large costs associated with SFM simulations, probability distributions of model parameters and outputs are obtained through a data driven reduced complexity model. Our study demonstrates the numerical approaches by considering a portion of the Porcupine Basin, Ireland. Results of the analysis are postprocessed to assess (i) the uncertainty and practical identifiability of model parameters given a set of observations, (ii) spatial distribution of lithologies. We analyse here the occurrences of sand bodies pinching against the continental slope, these systems likely resulting from gravity driven processes in deep sea environment