Efficient conversion of aldoximes into nitriles and ketoximes into amides using bis-morpholinophosphorylchloride

Bis-morpholinophosphorylchloride(bmpc) has been identified as a new reagent to efficiently convert aldoxime into nitriles through dehydrogenation and ketoximes into amides through Beckmann rearrangement. When compared to other chlorophosphate reagents used earlier, which are liquids and irritating, bmpc is a non-irritating stable solid. In all the reactions, products are obtained in high yields and purity

Analysis of a Compact 4-shaped Annular Ring Ultra Wideband Antenna Using Characteristic Modes

This communication proposes a compact 4-shaped monopole annular ring UWB antenna design. The proposed structure contains multiple radiating strips inside the annular ring, in the form of a 4-shaped and a 50Ω microstrip feed line. A tapered structure with a feed point is chosen to achieve wideband characteristics. The proposed model is printed on a low-priced FR4 substrate with a size of 0.180₀ × 0.225₀ (20 × 25mm²). The proposed model achieves a fractional bandwidth of 133.74% in the 2.7 to 13.6 GHz range with S11<-10dB and covers the 3.1-10.6 GHz unlicensed band approved by FCC in 2002 and X-band applications. The antenna exhibits stable and Omni-directional radiation patterns in the operating frequency range. The analysis of the proposed monopole antenna using characteristic modes is performed to obtain a physical understanding of the radiation process occurring on the radiating antenna. The modal significance curves and the modal current distributions are used to analyze the radiating antenna using the first six characteristic modes. The measurement and simulation results show a good agreement

ANALYSIS BASED ON DATA FLOW FOR 802.16 WIMAX NETWORKS 1

Cross-layer design for quality of service (QoS) in WiMax has attracted much research interest recently. Such networks are expected to support various types of applications with different and multiple QoS and grade-ofservice (GoS) requirements. In order to achieve this, several key technologies spanning all layers, from physical up to network layer, have to be exploited and novel algorithms for harmonic and efficient layer interaction must be designed. Unfortunately most of the existing works on cross-layer design focus on the interaction of up to two layers while the GoS concept in WMNs has been overlooked. The research on traditional cross- layered architecture which has served well for wired networks seems to be inefficient and not suitable for the wireless networks. Most of the cross-layer design proposals for wireless networks involve exchanging information between multiple layers or between just two layers. In this paper, we propose to develop a Cross-Layer Based QoS Routing (CLBQR) Protocol for 802.16 WiMAX Networks. In our protocol, the cross layer routing is based on the routing metrics which includes power, link quality and end-to-end delay. Then the routing is performed by estimating the combined cost value of these metrics. By simulation results, we show that our proposed protocol achieves higher packet delivery ratio with reduced energy consumption and delay. KEYWORDS

EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF GARLIC, CLOVE AND CINNAMON ON ESCHERICHIA COLI IN CHICKEN MEAT NUGGETS

ABSTRAC

ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL PRINCIPLE FROM AVICENNIA MARINA L IN METHANOL

Objective: The antibacterial principle of Avicennia marina L stem extract was determined by agar well diffusion method followed by GC-MS,1H NMR and 13C NMR.Methods: Methanol was used as the solvent for the isolation of bioactive principle from the stem of Avicennia marina L. Agar well diffusion method was used to screen the antibacterial activity and FRAP method was employed to determine the antioxidant activity for raw and crude extract as well as the purified compound. GC-MS followed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR were used to elucidate the compound responsible for the antibacterial and antioxidant activity.Results: The degree of antioxidant and antibacterial activity differs between raw extract, crude extract and the pure compound. The antioxidant activity is more crude extract (p&lt;0.05) and the antibacterial activity is more of pure compound (p&lt;0.05) than the standard antibiotic gentamicin. GC-MS followed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR revealed that the compound is 2-propenoicacid, 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- also called ferulic acid.Conclusion: The stem extract in methanol shows potential antibacterial and antioxidant activity. It is due to presence of ferulic acid in methanol extract in 14th fraction.Â

Risk of Developing Coronary Artery Disease Following a Normal Coronary Angiogram in Middle-Aged Adults

Atherosclerosis begins in the teenage years and progresses over time in susceptible individuals. It is unknown, however, whether coronary angiography in middle-aged adults showing no evidence of atherosclerosis identifies individuals at low risk for subsequent development of coronary artery disease (CAD). We identified 4068 patients ≥40 years of age who had at least two coronary angiograms between January 1, 1990 and March 31, 2011. Of these, 227 patients (5.8%) had no CAD and 251 patients (6.4%) had mild atherosclerotic disease (stenosis \u3c30%) on the initial angiogram. Patients in the normal-angiogram group were younger, more often female, and less likely to use tobacco than patients in the mild-atherosclerosis group, while rates of diabetes and hypertension were the same. Angiographic evidence of any CAD and obstructive CAD was apparent in 26% and 4.8%, respectively of the normal-angiogram group on subsequent angiography performed 75 ± 46 months later. Myocardial infarction and revascularization occurred in 4.8% and 3.5%, respectively. Progression of CAD (odds ratio ≤ 10.2), development of obstructive CAD (odds ratio ≤ 8.9), myocardial infarction (odds ratio ≤ 2.7), and revascularization (odds ratio ≤ 8.4) were more frequent in the mild-atherosclerosis group. In summary, 26% of middle-aged adults with a normal coronary angiogram who had subsequent angiography for clinical reasons developed CAD, although the annual rates of myocardial infarction or revascularization were very low. Even mild atherosclerosis on the initial angiogram increased the rate of progression of CAD by 10-fold and the rate of revascularization by 8-fold

Efficient conversion of aldoximes into nitriles and ketoximes into amides using bis-morpholinophosphorylchloride

1264-1271Bis-morpholinophosphorylchloride (bmpc) has been identified as a new reagent to efficiently convert aldoxime into nitriles through dehydrogenation and ketoximes into amides through Beckmann rearrangement. When compared to other chlorophosphate reagents used earlier, which are liquids and irritating, bmpc is a non-irritating stable solid. In all the reactions, products are obtained in high yields and purity