Corresponding Author Effect of processed lemon pulp with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast on protein and energy metabolism in Raini goats

ABSTRACT The aim of present study is investigating effect of treated lemon pulp by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast on protein and energy metabolism in goats was fed with this product. In this experiment 8 goats from raini breed were used for 21 days period; 16 days for adaptation and 5 days for sampling, to investigate the effect of processing lemon pulp by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast on protein receivement, retention and excretion and also energy metabolism. Goats were put in metabolic cages equipped to separate urine and feces collection system and they were fed with a diet containing lemon pulp and alfalfa with 40:60 proportion in maintenance limit. Collected data were analyzed statistically as a completely randomized design. After processing lemon pulp crude protein was increased whereas crude fat and nitrogen free extract were decreased significantly (P< 0.05). Digestibility of treated lemon pulp´s crude protein was higher but digestibility of treated lemon pulp´s crude fat was lower (P< 0.05). Consumptive nitrogen, feces nitrogen and urinary nitrogen were increased significantly whereas nitrogen retention did not change significantly also creatinin and total urinary protein were increased significantly. But uremic nitrogen and total blood protein did not change. Entirely processing lemon pulp with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast moreover increasing crude protein percent cause to increase digestive coefficient of lemon pulp´s protein

Effect of “Gol-e-ghand”, a mixture of rose petals and honey, on migraine attacks: a before-after pilot study

Background and objectives: Migraine is the seventh most common cause of disability among all ailments according to the World Health Organization. Despite the availability of some medicines for prevention of migraine, their complications are a cause for concern. Traditional system of medicine and use of medicinal herbs can be beneficial in management of migraine. “Gol-e-ghand” is one of the most commonly prescribed products for the management of headaches in the Iranian traditional medicine. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of “Ghol-e-ghand” on decreasing the frequency of migraine attacks. Methods: Nineteen migraine patients, who met the eligibility criteria, according to the International Headache Society diagnostic criteria were assigned to the intervention. The study was conducted as a before-after clinical trial and included two phases of drug administration. Propranolol was given during the first phase, while “Ghol-e-ghand” was administered along with propranolol in the second phase. The severity, duration, and frequency of headaches were measured before and after the intervention. Results: The analysis showed that “Ghol-e-ghand” decreased the frequency of migraine (20%, p=0.04), but it was not effective in decreasing the duration and severity of the attacks. Conclusion: “Ghol-e-ghand”can be suggested in migraine patients for reducing frequency of attacks

Socioeconomic Differences in Alcohol-Specific Parenting Practices and Adolescents’ Drinking Patterns

Item does not contain fulltextThe aim of this study was to investigate to what extent alcohol-specific parenting practices relate to adolescents’ alcohol use, binge drinking, and alcohol-related problems, and whether these associations are moderated by socioeconomic status (SES), i.e. parents’ education level and family income. The present data were collected within the framework of a representative study on alcohol use among Dutch students. The present findings are based on data from respondents who had been drinking in the past year (81.5%), and of whom one of the parents had filled out a short questionnaire including SES characteristics (52%). The sample consisted of 1,344 adolescents. Adolescents were approached in a school setting; parents received a short questionnaire at the home address. The results show that applying strict rules about alcohol use and having qualitative good conversations about drinking alcohol seem to prevent adolescents from heavy drinking patterns, whereas parental alcohol use seems to promote adolescents’ drinking. A positive association was found between frequency of alcohol communication and availability of alcohol at home on the one hand and adolescents’ drinking on the other. Some moderating effects of SES were found