14,639 research outputs found
Transform-limited pulses are not optimal for resonant multiphoton transitions
Maximizing nonlinear light-matter interactions is a primary motive for
compressing laser pulses to achieve ultrashort transform limited pulses. Here
we show how, by appropriately shaping the pulses, resonant multiphoton
transitions can be enhanced significantly beyond the level achieved by
maximizing the pulse's peak intensity. We demonstrate the counterintuitive
nature of this effect with an experiment in a resonant two-photon absorption,
in which, by selectively removing certain spectral bands, the peak intensity of
the pulse is reduced by a factor of 40, yet the absorption rate is doubled.
Furthermore, by suitably designing the spectral phase of the pulse, we increase
the absorption rate by a factor of 7.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Hadron Masses and Screening from AdS Wilson Loops
We show that in strongly coupled N=4 SYM the binding energy of a heavy and a
light quark is independent of the strength of the coupling constant. As a
consequence we are able to show that in the presence of light quarks the analog
of the QCD string can snap and color charges are screened. The resulting
neutral mesons interact with each other only via pion exchange and we estimate
the massesComment: 4 pages, revte
Fine-Structure FeII* Emission and Resonant MgII Emission in z = 1 Star-Forming Galaxies
We present a study of the prevalence, strength, and kinematics of ultraviolet
FeII and MgII emission lines in 212 star-forming galaxies at z = 1 selected
from the DEEP2 survey. We find FeII* emission in composite spectra assembled on
the basis of different galaxy properties, indicating that FeII* emission is
prevalent at z = 1. In these composites, FeII* emission is observed at roughly
the systemic velocity. At z = 1, we find that the strength of FeII* emission is
most strongly modulated by dust attenuation, and is additionally correlated
with redshift, star-formation rate, and [OII] equivalent width, such that
systems at higher redshifts with lower dust levels, lower star-formation rates,
and larger [OII] equivalent widths show stronger FeII* emission. We detect MgII
emission in at least 15% of the individual spectra and we find that objects
showing stronger MgII emission have higher specific star-formation rates,
smaller [OII] linewidths, larger [OII] equivalent widths, lower dust
attenuations, and lower stellar masses than the sample as a whole. MgII
emission strength exhibits the strongest correlation with specific
star-formation rate, although we find evidence that dust attenuation and
stellar mass also play roles in the regulation of MgII emission. Future
integral field unit observations of the spatial extent of FeII* and MgII
emission in galaxies with high specific star-formation rates, low dust
attenuations, and low stellar masses will be important for probing the
morphology of circumgalactic gas.Comment: 29 pages, 22 figures, 2 tables; accepted to Ap
Ultrafast electro-nuclear dynamics of H2 double ionization
The ultrafast electronic and nuclear dynamics of H2 laser-induced double
ionization is studied using a time-dependent wave packet approach that goes
beyond the fixed nuclei approximation. The double ionization pathways are
analyzed by following the evolution of the total wave function during and after
the pulse. The rescattering of the first ionized electron produces a coherent
superposition of excited molecular states which presents a pronounced transient
H+H- character. This attosecond excitation is followed by field-induced double
ionization and by the formation of short-lived autoionizing states which decay
via double ionization. These two double ionization mechanisms may be identified
by their signature imprinted in the kinetic-energy distribution of the ejected
protons
General Formalism for Evaluating the Impact of Phase Noise on Bloch Vector Rotations
Quantum manipulation protocols for quantum sensors and quantum computation
often require many single qubit rotations. However, the impact of phase noise
in the field that performs the qubit rotations is often neglected or treated
only for special cases. We present a general framework for calculating the
impact of phase noise on the state of a qubit, as described by its equivalent
Bloch vector. The analysis applies to any Bloch vector orientation, and any
rotation axis azimuthal angle for both a single pulse, and pulse sequences.
Experimental examples are presented for several special cases. We apply the
analysis to commonly used composite -pulse sequences: CORPSE, SCROFULOUS,
and BB1, used to suppress static amplitude and detuning errors, and also to
spin echo sequences. We expect the formalism presented will help guide the
development and evaluation of future quantum manipulation protocols.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PR
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