Phase segregation in NaxCoO2 for large Na contents

We have investigated a set of sodium cobaltates (NaxCoO2) samples with various sodium content (0.67 \le x \le 0.75) using Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR). The four different stable phases and an intermediate one have been recognized. The NQR spectra of 59Co allowed us to clearly differentiate the pure phase samples which could be easily distinguished from multi-phase samples. Moreover, we have found that keeping samples at room temperature in contact with humid air leads to destruction of the phase purity and loss of sodium content. The high sodium content sample evolves progressively into a mixture of the detected stable phases until it reaches the x=2/3 composition which appears to be the most stable phase in this part of phase diagram.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Остеоартрит – аспекты фармакотерапии

The main goal of management of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) is analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapy, deceleration of the progression of the disease, and improvement of quality of life. Fast-acting symptomatic drugs (analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)) and sustained-release structure-modifying drugs (chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine sulfate, their combination, piascledine, diacerein) are used to treat OA. The European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO)) has analyzed the proposals of a number of expert groups and elaborated a consensus on the management of patients with OA: it has recommended the use of sustained-release drugs just in early OA.The article gives the data of comparative studies of a new Russian chondroprotector, the active ingredient of which is a bioactive extract from small sea fish, which contains alflutop. It evaluates the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and acute and chronic toxicity on experimental animal models and the preliminary results of therapy with the new drug in patients with OA in the large and small joints. Основная цель ведения пациентов с остеоартритом (ОА) – обезболивающая и противовоспалительная терапия, замедление прогрессирования болезни и улучшение качества жизни. Для лечения ОА используются симптоматические средства быстрого действия (анальгетики и нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты, НПВП) и структурно-модифицирующие препараты замедленного действия (хондроитина сульфат, глюкозамина сульфат, их комбинация, пиаскледин, диацереин). Европейское общество по клиническим и экономическим аспектам остеопороза и остеоартрита (European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis, ESCEO) проанализировало предложения ряда экспертных групп и выработало консенсус по ведению больных ОА: рекомендовано назначать медленнодействующие препараты уже на ранних стадиях ОА.В статье приведены данные сравнительных исследований нового отечественного «хондропротектора», активным компонентом которого является биоактивный экстракт из мелкой морской рыбы, с препаратом алфлутоп. Оценивали анальгетический, противовоспалительный эффект, острую и хроническую токсичность на экспериментальных моделях животных, а также предварительные результаты терапии новым препаратом у больных ОА крупных и мелких суставов.

Предикторы результатов пересадки почек от живых родственных доноров у детей

Relevance. Successful living relative donor (LRD) kidney transplantation is the most effective method of treating children with terminal chronic renal failure. Materials and methods. 148 living relative donor kidney transplantations to children were performed at the department of kidney transplantation of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution “Academician Petrovskiy Russian Surgical Research Center” from December 2012 to March 2015. We used the following parameters to evaluate the factors affecting results of such an operation: recipient’s age and sex; living relative donor’s age and sex; antigen donor/recipient compatibility (system HLA-A, -B, -DR); type of induced immunosuppression; donor/recipient degree of kindred; presence or absence of rejection episodes throughout the whole observation period. Student’s test, Fisher’s test and Kaplan–Meier’s cumulative survival analysis of recipients and transplants were used for statistical processing. Results. 4 allokidneys out of 71 were rejected in group 1 (5.63%), in group 2 — 4 out of 77 (5.19%). The relative rates of transplant and patient survival were higher if LRD were 24–40 years of age than if LRD were 41–68 years of age. 12 patients out of 77 died in group 1 (15.58%), in group 2 — 3 out of 65 (4.62%). 7 allokidneys out of 67 were rejected in girls (7 fatal outcomes), in boys — 6 out of 81 (8 fatal outcomes). The highest rates of fatal outcomes and transplant rejection were observed in the group of patients prescribed daclizumab for induced immunosuppression, the lowest — in the group of patients prescribed methyl prednisolone. Conclusion. The conducted clinical material analysis led us to a conclusion that only two factors affect results of relative donor kidney transplantation in children — antigen donor/recipient compatibility (system HLA-A, -B, -DR) and presence of rejection episodes in the posttransplantation period. Актуальность. Успешная трансплантация почки от живого родственного донора (ЖРД) — самый эффективный метод лечения детей с терминальной стадией хронической почечной недостаточности. Материалы и методы. В отделении трансплантации почки ФГБНУ «РНЦХ им. академика Б. В. Петровского» с декабря 2012 по март 2015 г. были выполнены 148 пересадок почек от живых родственных доноров детям. Для оценки факторов, влияющих на результаты данной операции, были использованы следующие параметры: возраст и пол реципиента; возраст и пол живых родственных доноров; степень совместимости между донором и реципиентом по антигенам системы HLA-A, -B, -DR; характер индукционной иммуносупрессии; степень родства между донором и реципиентом; наличие или отсутствие эпизодов отторжения на протяжении всего периода наблюдения. Было сформировано две группы сравнения (в зависимости от возраста пациентов): группа 1 — дети 1–11 лет и группа 2 — 12–18 лет. Для проведения статистической обработки были использованы критерий Стьюдента, критерий Фишера, кумулятивная выживаемость реципиентов и трансплантатов по Каплану–Мейеру. Результаты. В группе 1 потеряны 4 аллопочки из 71 (5,63%), в группе 2 — 4 из 77 (5,19%). При возрасте ЖРД 24–40 лет процент потерь трансплантатов и пациентов ниже, чем при возрасте ЖРД 41–68 лет. В группе 1 умерли 12 больных из 77 (15,58%), в группе 2 — 3 из 65 (4,62%). У девочек были потеряны 7 аллопочек из 67 и наступило 7 летальных исходов, у мальчиков — 6 и 8 из 81, соответственно. Наибольший процент летальных исходов и потери трансплантатов наблюдались в группе больных, получавших для индукционной иммуносупрессии даклизумаб, наименьший — у использующих метилпреднизолон. Заключение. Проведенный анализ клинического материала привел нас к заключению, что только два фактора оказались влияющими на результаты пересадки родственных почек у детей — степень совместимости между донором и реципиентом по антигенам системы HLA-A, -В, -DR и наличие эпизодов отторжения в посттрансплантационном периоде.

Osteoarthritis: aspects of pharmacotherapy

The main goal of management of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) is analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapy, deceleration of the progression of the disease, and improvement of quality of life. Fast-acting symptomatic drugs (analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)) and sustained-release structure-modifying drugs (chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine sulfate, their combination, piascledine, diacerein) are used to treat OA. The European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO)) has analyzed the proposals of a number of expert groups and elaborated a consensus on the management of patients with OA: it has recommended the use of sustained-release drugs just in early OA.The article gives the data of comparative studies of a new Russian chondroprotector, the active ingredient of which is a bioactive extract from small sea fish, which contains alflutop. It evaluates the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and acute and chronic toxicity on experimental animal models and the preliminary results of therapy with the new drug in patients with OA in the large and small joints

CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES FOR STUDYING THE NUCLEAR TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NF-κB IN BREAST CANCER

The paper describes a role of the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB in oncogenesis and presents studies of this factor in breast can- cer (BC). It also shows it promising to use the values of the transcription factor NF-κB activity to identify a hormone-resistant sub- group among the patients with receptor-positive BC, in its early stages in particular

The clinical value of p53 and the parameters of DNA-flow cytofluorometry in combination with clinical and morphological predictors in breast cancer

The determination of mutant p53 and the basic parameters studied by DNA-flow cytofluorometry in combination with other clinical and morphological predictors may be used as additional prognostic criteria individually in each patient with breast cancer

The effect of the applied induction immunosuppressive therapy protocol on the allografted kidney condition

Aim: To assess the Eculizumab effect on the allografted kidney function in the immediate and early postoperative period.Materials and methods: In kidney transplantation, 33 patients received Eculizumab in combination with Alemtuzumab (group 1). Other 38 patients (group 2) were enrolled for a comparative analysis. They received their induction immunosuppressive therapy with Alemtuzumab and plasmapheresis sessions. The following parameters were used for analysis: the urine output in the first 24 hours after surgery, the period of creatinine level drop to 3 mg/dL, a 24-hour protein excretion at day 30 after surgery, a glomerular filtration rate at day 30 after transplantation, histology of kidney allograft biopsy at 1 month post surgery.Results: A comparative analysis has demonstrated much lower values of 24 hour proteinuria in group 1 than in group 2. As to the glomerular filtration rate, it was 1.9 times higher in group 1 than in group 2. The period of blood creatinine subnormalization was significantly shorter in group 1. The differences were statistically significant in all studied parameters (p=0.002–0.003).Conclusion: The allografted kidney function was much better in group 1 than in group 2. Thus, the combination of Eculizumab + Alemtuzumab had a more favorable effect on the function and morphology of allografted kidneys in the immediate and early postoperative periods compared to that of Alemtuzumab + plasmapheresis combination

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE VEGFR-2 IN THE TUMORS AND BLOOD SERA OF THE BREAST CANCER PATIENTS

The analysis of the changes of the content of the angiogenic factor VEGFR-2 in the cytosol of the tumor and blood sera of the 30 breast can- cer patients determined by immunoenzyme method during neoadjuvant therapy is given. Likewise the correlation of this index with the main clinicomorphological characteristics of the disease is assessed. The obtained results suggest on the possibility of the use of VEGFR-2 as the one of the diagnostic markers of the breast cancer. The index dynamics didn’t depend on the given therapy type but nonetheless the correlation of the VEGFR-2 content in the residual tumor after preoperative therapy with the grade of the treatment pathomorphosis is determined