Salt Stress Induced Biosynthesis of Binase II, the Second Bacillus pumilus 7P Ribonuclease with Therapeutic Potential

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Besides the dominant well-studied low-molecular weight ribonuclease (RNase) binase I, Bacillus pumilus secretes a high-molecular weight binase II which differs from binase I by the absence of substrate specificity and the mode of RNA cleavage. Similar to many other RNases, binase II was proposed to have therapeutic potential. Deciphering molecular mechanisms of binase II biosynthesis regulation is required to boost expression of this RNase. Here, we have shown that increase of salinity in growth medium leads to elevated biosynthesis level of binase II. We detected in the binase II promoter the gene sequences homologous to the recognition sites of response regulator DegU. DegS-DegU signal transduction system is stimulated by high salt concentrations. Using the Bacillus subtilis strains with various mutations in DegU gene, we have shown that the DegS-DegU system is responsible for the increase of binase II gene expression under salt stress, indeed

Pleiotropic Effect of Salt Stress on Motility and Synthesis of Secreted Ribonucleases by Bacillus pumilus

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Members of the genus Bacillus can successfully counteract a sudden increase in salinity. In addition to the accumulation of osmolytes, saline stress also affects other aspects of bacterial physiology such as exoenzymes synthesis and motility. Here, we have shown that increase of salinity in growth medium leads to elevated biosynthesis level of low-molecular weight ribonuclease (RNase) binase I from Bacillus pumilus. The same effect was established previously for high-molecular weight binase II. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the absence of flagella and some other changes in salt-stressed cells of B. pumilis. We also detected the gene sequences homologous to the recognition sites of response regulator DegU in the binase I and binase II promoters. Using the B. subtilis strains with various mutations in DegU gene, we found that the two-component signal transduction system DegS-DegU which regulates the motility under salt stress participates in the control of biosynthesis for both secreted RNase of B. pumilis (binase I and binase II)

The biosynthesis of new secretory high-molecular-weight ribonucleases in Bacillus intermedius and Bacillus subtilis

The investigation of new secretory ribonucleases, the Bacillus intermedius binase II expressed in the recombinant B. subtilis strain 3922 and the native RNase Bsn of B. subtilis, showed that they are synthesized in the growth retardation phase, when inorganic phosphate is exhausted in the medium. The biosynthesis of these ribonucleases was found to be suppressed by the presence of inorganic phosphate in the medium and activated by small amounts of the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D. The cultivation media of the producing strains were optimized for the maximum production of the enzymes

SELF-REGULATION STYLE AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE ELDERLY

Pilot research investigates the relationship between the quality of life and the characteristics of self-regulation of older people. The Short Form‑36 (SF‑36) was used for assessing the quality of life and self-regulation’ features were evaluated by «Style of self-regulation of behavior SSP‑98» (V. I. Morosanova). Flexibility as a regulatory and personal property of self-regulation affects such aspects of the quality of life as “Mental health”, “Social functioning”, “Psychological component of health”. The importance of the personal component in the management of health in the elderly is emphasized.Приведены данные пилотного исследования связи качества жизни и особенностей саморегуляции пожилых людей. Использовалась методики оценки качества жизни The Short Form-36 (SF-36) и «Стиль саморегуляции поведения — ССП-98» (В.И. Моросанова). Гибкость как регуляторно-личностное свойство саморегуляции взаимосвязана с такими аспектами качества жизни, как «Психическое здоровье», «Социальное функционирование», «Психологический компонент здоровья» и влияет на «Психологический компонент здоровья». Подчеркивается значимость саморегуляции и личностного компонента в управлении своим здоровьем у лиц пожилого возраста.При поддержке Программы стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет 2030» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации

Enriched environment attenuates enhanced trait anxiety in association with normalization of aberrant neuro-inflammatory events

Neuroinflammation is discussed to play a role in specific subgroups of different psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders. We have previously shown that a mouse model of trait anxiety (HAB) displays enhanced microglial density and phagocytic activity in key regions of anxiety circuits compared to normal-anxiety controls (NAB). Using minocycline, we provided causal evidence that reducing microglial activation within the dentate gyrus (DG) attenuated enhanced anxiety in HABs. Besides pharmacological intervention, “positive environmental stimuli”, which have the advantage of exerting no side-effects, have been shown to modulate inflammation-related markers in human beings. Therefore, we now investigated whether environmental enrichment (EE) would be sufficient to modulate upregulated neuroinflammation in high-anxiety HABs. We show for the first time that EE can indeed attenuate enhanced trait anxiety, even when presented as late as adulthood. We further found that EE-induced anxiolysis was associated with the attenuation of enhanced microglial density (using Iba-1 as the marker) in the DG and medial prefrontal cortex. Additionally, EE reduced Iba1 + CD68+ microglia density within the anterior DG. Hence, the successful attenuation of trait anxiety by EE was associated in part with the normalization of neuro-inflammatory imbalances. These results suggest that pharmacological and/or positive behavioral therapies triggering microglia-targeted anti-inflammatory effects could be promising as novel alternatives or complimentary anxiolytic therapeutic approaches in specific subgroups of individuals predisposed to trait anxiety

Clinical and immunological characteristics of medical students depending on the duration and program of study

Chronic psycho-emotional stress can cause dysfunction of neuroimmunoendocrine dysregulation with consequences in the form of a violation of the functional potential of the immune system. Adaptation to new living conditions at the start of studies at a medical university is one of the inevitable circumstances that first-year students overcome. Education under the military training program at a medical university carries an additional stress load in this aspect. Research on the mechanisms of formation of adaptive reactions of the immune system during training under the military training program for officers of the medical service is of undoubted interest. The purpose of the study was to compare the clinical manifestations of immune-mediated pathology and the parameters of adaptive and innate immunity of medical students depending on the length of service and training program. Under observation were 104 medical students, all men, of which 37 were first-year students and 67 were third-year students of a medical university. The subjects of each course were divided into two subgroups depending on the training program. The group of first-year students consisted of 18 people from the military training center (VTC) and 19 people from the medical and preventive faculty (LPF). Among the third-year students of the VUC – 31, LPF – 36. For the clinical characterization of the incidence during the year of study, registration cards for the analysis of immune-mediated pathology were used, the parameters of the immune system at the end of the spring semester were studied using standard methodological approaches. The data obtained indicate that in the first year students with an additional load in the form of a military training program have a more difficult time adapting to learning in comparison with first-year students of the medical faculty. These differences consist in a more frequent and significant clinical manifestation of infectious pathology and are reflected in the functional potential of cellular parameters of innate immunity. The statement of signs of inhibition of the functional potencies of macrophage cells and natural killers in firstyear students of a military training center is an alarming factor in the possible disruption of the adaptive reserves of the immune response system, which probably suggests the need to develop programs to prevent the negative impact of stress-forming factors. By the third year of study, the students of the military training center have the best clinical and immunological indicators of the functioning of the immune system in comparison with the students of the standard educational program of general practitioners. It is likely that during this period the process of psychological adaptation of military medical students is completed

Кафедра акушерства и гинекологии Сибирского государственного медицинского университета. И.Н. Грамматикати (1858—1917). К 145-летию со дня рождения

The biography of an outstanding scientist, a founder of the chair of obstetrics and gynecology, an ordinary professor of the Emperor’s Tomsk University (now SibSMU) I.N.Grammatikaty, one of the creators of Russian obstetric and gynecologic literature, has been presented in this article. Here are presented materials reflecting the formation and development of the chair of obstetrics and gynecology and the main scientific achievements of the chair for the last 10 years.Представлена биография крупного ученого, основателя кафедры акушерства и гинекологии, ординарного профессора Императорского Томского университета (ныне СибГМУ) И.Н. Грамматикати — одного из создателей русской акушерско-гинекологической литературы. В статье содержатся материалы, отражающие становление и развитие кафедры акушерства и гинекологии и основные научные достижения кафедры за последние 10 лет

Успешное хирургическое лечение постинфарктного разрыва миокарда левого желудочка

ABSTRACT. The rupture of the left ventricle free wall is one of the most dangerous complications of myocardial infarction. Due to the widespread availability of echocardiography method, the detection of this fatal complication and the number of lives saved after surgery grew. The survival of patients depends on early diagnosis, stabilization of the patient’s condition, promptness and tactics of surgical intervention. We report a case of successful closure of a rupture of the left ventricle free wall on the 15th day after myocardial infarction.РЕЗЮМЕ. Разрыв свободной стенки левого желудочка (ЛЖ) является одним из наиболее опасных осложнений инфаркта миокарда. Благодаря широкому распространению и доступности метода эхо-кардиографии, увеличилось число диагностированных случаев прижизненного выявления этого фатального осложнения и количество спасенных жизней после хирургической коррекции. Выживание больных зависит от ранней диагностики, стабилизации состояния больного, оперативности и тактики хирургического вмешательства. Мы приводим случай успешного ушивания разрыва свободной стенки ЛЖ на 15-е сутки от острого инфаркта миокарда

Macrophages in epicardial adipose tissue and serum NT-proBNP in patients with stable coronary artery disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is widely considered a chronic inflammatory disorder, and dysfunction of epicardial adipose tissue could be an important source of the inflammation. Amino-terminal fragment of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a known marker of cardiovascular disorders of cardiac origin. Recent studies show that inflammatory stimuli may influence its secretion. Our purpose was to evaluate NT-proBNP serum concentration in relation to immune cell ratios in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), and cytokine levels in the patients with stable CAD. Patients with stable CAD and heart failure classified into classes II–III, according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) scale, scheduled for the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, were recruited into the study (n = 10; 59.5 (53.0-65.0) y. o.; 50% males). The EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) specimens were harvested in the course of CABG surgery. Immunostaining with anti-CD68, anti-CD45, antiIL-1β and anti-TNFα monoclonal antibodies was performed to evaluate cell composition by differential counts per ten fields (400 magnification). Fasting venous blood was obtained from patients before CABG. Blood was centrifuged at 1500g, aliquots were collected and stored frozen at -40 °С until final analysis. Concentrations of NT-proBNP, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNFα were determined in serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We have found increased production of IL-1β and TNFα cytokines in EAT compared to SAT. Concentrations of NT-proBNP exceeded 125 pg/ml in 4 patients, and correlations between the CD68+ macrophage counts in both EAT and SAT samples (rs = 0.762; p = 0.010 and rs = 0.835; p = 0.003, respectively). NT-proBNP levels showed positive relations with CD45+ leukocyte counts (rs = 0.799; p = 0.006), and with IL-1β+ cell numbers (rs = 0.705; p = 0.023) in EAT samples only. As for the serum biomarkers, NT-proBNP levels showed negative correlation with fasting glucose levels (rs = -0.684; p = 0.029), and positive correlation with serum IL-6 concentrations (rs = 0.891; p = 0.001). Increased serum concentrations of NT-proBNP in CAD patients correlate with accumulation of macrophages in EAT, which is associated with increased production of IL-1β in EAT and correlates with some metabolic parameters