Premium Copayments and the Trade-off between Wages and Employer-Provided Health Insurance

This paper estimates the trade-off between salary and health insurance costs using data on Illinois school teachers between 1991 and 2008 that allow us to address several common empirical challenges in this literature. We find no evidence that changes in teachers’ salaries respond to changes in insurance cost, but teachers paid about 17 percent of the cost of individual health insurance and about 46 percent of the cost of their family members’ plans through increased premium copayments. Our results indicate that premium increases were not associated with commensurate increases in teachers’ valuation of their health insurance plans

Efficient Discrete Approximations of Quantum Gates

Quantum compiling addresses the problem of approximating an arbitrary quantum gate with a string of gates drawn from a particular finite set. It has been shown that this is possible for almost all choices of base sets and furthermore that the number of gates required for precision epsilon is only polynomial in log 1/epsilon. Here we prove that using certain sets of base gates quantum compiling requires a string length that is linear in log 1/epsilon, a result which matches the lower bound from counting volume up to constant factor.Comment: 7 pages, no figures, v3 revised to correct major error in previous version

What language was spoken by the people of the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex?

Descriptive and Comparative Linguistic

The Indo-European suffix *-ens- and its Indo-Uralic origin

Descriptive and Comparative Linguistic

Young Avestan pašne and its etymology

Young Avestan pašne is attested ten times in constructions with genitive and accusative used to indicate the position of the figures at the moment of the worship of various deities. The only occurrence of the construction with the accusative in Yt 5.108 must be due to an analogy with the upa + accusative construction that occurs earlier in the text. The author argues that pašne does not mean ‘in the sight of’, but rather ‘at the shore of’ and is a loc. sg. of pašna‑ n. ‘bank, shore, side’. This word is most likely identical with pašna‑ ‘eyelid’ or ‘eyelash’. Similar semantic development can be found in Skt. vártman‑ ‘track of a wheel, way’ (RV+) besides ‘eyelid’ (AV) or Skt. vartaní‑ ‘way, wheel rim, track of a wheel’ (RV+) and ‘eyelashes’ (ŚBr.), with the meanings ‘eyelid’ and ‘eyelashes’ being derived from the meaning ‘circumference’.From the etymological point of view, Young Avestan pašna‑ can be compared with other Indo‑Iranian words for ‘side, flank’, like Skt. pā́jas‑ n. ‘side, surface’, Khot. pāysa‑ ‘surface, breast’, Sogd. p’z ‘face’, Oss. faz / fazæ ‘half, side; back, buttocks’. The semantic development ‘side’ > ‘shore’ is trivial, cf. English river side. These words are derived from the PIE root *peh₂ǵ‑ ‘to attach, fix’ (Gk. πήγνυμι ‘to fix, join, congeal’, Lat. pangō ‘to attach, join’, etc.), PIIr. *paHj́‑ (this root loses its laryngeal, when followed by a consonant, cf. Skt. pajrá‑ ‘solid, strong, firm’ (RV) Descriptive and Comparative Linguistic

Indo-Iranian *mastr̥ghan-/ *mastr̥ǰhan- ‘brain, skull’ and its etymology

Descriptive and Comparative Linguistic

Sanskrit roots hi- ‘to impel, hurl’, hiṣ- ‘to injure, harm’, hīḍ- ‘to make/be angry’ and the Indo-European root enlargements -s- and -d-

Descriptive and Comparative Linguistic

Indo-Aryan -(a)u̯artanna in the Kikkuli treatise

Descriptive and Comparative Linguistic

Postscript on Vedic jaŋgahe

Wetensch. publicatieFaculteit der Lettere

Postscript on Vedic jaṅgahe

Niet-projectgebonden publicaties Talen en culturen van Zuid en Centraal Azi