URAL ELECTROMECHANICAL INSTITUTE OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT ENGINEERS IN THE HISTORICAL SPACE OF THE URALS OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX CENTURY

Автор исследовал процесс становления высшего железнодорожного образования на Урале в связи с коренной технической реконструкцией железнодорожного транспорта. На первом этапе шло формирование преподавательского состава вуза и создание его материальной базы, на втором этапе созданы условия для проведения научных исследований преподавателями, на третьем этапе происходил количественный рост выпускников.The author studied the process of formation of higher railway education in the Urals in connection with the radical technical reconstruction of railway transport. At the first stage, the formation of the teaching staff of the university and the creation of its material base took place, at the second stage conditions were created for scientific research by teachers, at the third stage there was a quantitative growth of graduates

Young Scientists in the Railway Transport of the Urals in 1956–1991: Reproduction of the Scientific Potential of the Industry

The article analyses research activities of young scientists of the Ural Electromechanical Institute of Railway Engineers and the results they achieved. The hypothesis of the study is that research activities in the railway transport of the Urals were linked to the implementation of the Master Plan for Railway Electrification. The deep transformations in the material and technical base of railway transport caused by electrification required intensive scientific research to improve the track, carriage, and station facilities, leading to the emergence of new technologies for the power supply of railways. The scientific developments of the Ural scientists were of all-Union significance and were widely used on the railway network of the USSR. The works of scientists from the Ural Electromechanical Institute of Railway Engineers were taken as the main source; statistical materials on the operational work of the Sverdlovsk Railway were also studied. It is concluded that the scientific activity of the Ural scientists accelerated the modernisation of the railway transport of the Urals, contributed to its transformation into a powerful industry that established strong economic ties between the western and eastern regions of the USSR.Статья посвящена анализу научно-исследовательской деятельности молодых ученых Уральского электромеханического института инженеров железнодорожного транспорта и достигнутых ими результатов. Гипотеза исследования состоит в том, что научно-исследовательская деятельность на железнодорожном транспорте Урала была связана с реализацией Генерального плана электрификации железных дорог. Вызванные электрификацией глубокие трансформации в материально-технической базе железнодорожного транспорта потребовали интенсивных научных поисков в области совершенствования путевого, вагонного, станционного хозяйства, привели к появлению новых технологий энергоснабжения железных дорог. Научные разработки уральских ученых имели всесоюзное значение и нашли широкое применение на железнодорожной сети СССР. В качестве основного источника исследования были взяты труды ученых Уральского электромеханического института инженеров железнодорожного транспорта, а также статистические материалы по эксплуатационной работе Свердловской железной дороги. Автор пришел к следующим выводам: научная деятельность уральских ученых ускорила развитие модернизационных процессов на железнодорожном транспорте Урала, способствовала его трансформации в мощный индустриальный комплекс, обеспечивающий прочные экономические связи между западными и восточными районами СССР

Public Private Partnership in Social Sphere: Models Review

Growing social pressure on economy is a global trend nowadays due to constant increase of elderly population not accompanied by respective world economy growth. One of ways to respond to global challenges became new model of social & infrastructure investments called Public Private Partnership. In this article authors analyze specifics of Public Private Partnerships in social sphere and reasons why they came up to the world's agenda. Such areas as health protection, sports, education, culture, utilities are treated as social. Main goal of majority of partnerships is social as well and due to this such projects have low income rates and high risks associated. Nevertheless, in the article models of effective Public Private Partnerships are illustrated and analyzed in depth. The most promising models out of all options are selected and conclusion for the need of special tax regulation for the PPP projects is made. Keywords: problem of elderly population, effective models of social investments, Public Private Partnership (PPP) JEL Classifications: H51, H53, H54, M14, M2

Laser decoating of DLC films for tribological applications

Damaged DLC coatings usually require remanufacturing of the entire coated components starting from an industrial chemical de-coating step. Alternatively, a complete or local coating repair can be considered. To pursue this approach, however, a local coating removal is needed as first operation. In this context, controlled decoating based on laser sources can be a suitable and clean alternative to achieve a pre-fixed decoating depth with high accuracy. In the present study, we investigated a laser-based decoating process executed on multilayered DLC films for advanced tribological applications (deposited via a hybrid PVD/PE-CVD technique). The results were acquired via multifocal optical digital microscopy (MF-ODM), which allowed high-resolution 3D surface reconstruction as well as digital profilometry of the lasered and unlasered surface. The study identifies the most critical process parameters which influence the effective decoating depth and the post-decoating surface roughness. In particular, the role of pulse overlap (decomposed along orthogonal directions), laser fluence, number of lasing passes and assist gas is discussed in text. A first experimental campaign was designed to identify the best conditions to obtain full decoating of the DLC + DLC:Cr layers. It was observed that decreasing the marking speed to 200 mm/s was necessary to obtain a sufficient pulse overlap and a nearly planar ablation profile. By operating with microsecond pulses and 1 J/cm2 (fairly above the ablation threshold), less than 10 passes were needed to obtain full decoating of the lasered area with an etching rate of 1.1 μm/loop. Further experiments were then executed in order to minimise the roughness of the rest surface with the best value found at around 0.2 μm. Limited oxidation but higher Ra values were observed in Ar atmosphere

Training the Railway Engineers on the Ural Railway Transport in 1956–1991

автор исследует процесс формирования новых инженерных специальностей в связи с модернизацией железнодорожного транспорта на базе электрификации. В период модернизации появились новые железнодорожные специальности, связанные с электрификацией железных дорог. Модернизация транспорта привела к повышению образовательного уровня железнодорожников Урала.The author studies the process of forming the new engineer specialities connected with electrification of the railroads. In the period of modernization all the railway specialities stood out from the engineer speciality on electrification. As the result of modernization the educational level of the Ural railroaders became high enough

The Young Workers on the Ural RailWay Transport in 1956–1991: Social and Demographic Portrait

Подготовка рабочих кадров — одна из самых трудных задач модернизации. Цель статьи — проанализировать достижения и недостатки политики советского государства по кадровому обеспечению железнодорожного транспорта Урала. В основу исследования положены статистический и сравнительный методы. Модернизация привела к значительному росту образовательного и профессионального уровня молодых рабочих.The problem of training the personnel is one of the most difficult and significant problems of modernization. The aim of the article is analyzing the achievements and losses of the soviet politics on creating the young worker personnel for scientific and technical progress on the Ural railway transport. The main methods of investigation the young worker personnel became statistical and comparative methods. Modernization led to the growth of educational and professional level of young workers

The formation of the state strategy of mass electrification of the railways of the Urals in 1956-1970

В статье дается характеристика формирования государственной стратегии по массовой электрификации железных дорого Урала и методов ее проведения.The article describes the formation of national strategy for mass electrification of Railways of the Urals and methods of its implementation