“Нej kolęda, kolęda…” przekształcenia tożsamości kulturoworeligijnej w mieście na przykładzie pastorałki («Гей, Коляда, Коляда…» трансформація культурно-релігійної ідентичності в місті на прикладі пасторалі)

The relations between religious (family, spatial or individual) and town in not simple. The progressive commercialization causes that pastorals that have been analyzed in the present article, loose their religious meaning. For example, we can meet the carols in advertising of coffee. The transformations concern the meaning of symbols in pastorals and their usage. (Відношення між релігією (родинною, просторовою або індивідуальною) та містом непрості. Прогресивна комерціалізація зумовлює, що пасторалі, які проаналізовані в статті, втрачають їх релігійне значення. Наприклад, ми зустрічаємо колядки в рекламі кави. Ця трансформація стосується значення символів у пасторалі та їх використання.

Obchody swieta bozego narodzenia w miesci (The Celebration of Christmas in the City)

Свято Різдва в більшості у нас асоціюється з ялинкою, теплом домашнього вогнища та близькістю. Спільні приготування єднають родину і творять можливість передачі культурних традицій. Цей ідеальний образ піддається змінам. У сучасному місті Різдвяні свята втрачаються свій традиційний вигляд і починають піддаватися впливу консюмеризму. Мешканець великого агломерату піддається впливу, наприклад, Інтернету, реклами чи магазинних виставок. (Christmas most of us associate August Christmas tree, the warmth of hearth and closeness. Joint preparation merge and form a family to transfer cultural traditions. This idealistic picture is, however, changed. In the modern town of Christmas lose its traditional post and begin to undergo progressive konsumcjonizmowi. A resident of a large agglomeration is influenced by eg. Internet advertisements or window-shopping.

РУХ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА (РАС) ЯК ВИРАЖЕННЯ ПРАГНЕННЯ ДО «ВІЛЬНОЇ» ЛЮДИНИ. (ALTERNATIVE SOCIAL MOVEMENT (RSA) AS A PURSUIT OF A FREE MAN.) (RUCH SPOLECZENSTWA ALTERNATYWNEGO (RSA) JAKO WYRAZ DAZENIA DO «WOLNEGO» CZLOWIEKA.)

Рух альтернативного суспільства постав на початку 80-х років минулого століття в Гданську. Він став альтернативою для діяльності інших антиполітичних угруповань завдяки своєму відсиланню до анархістичної думки. Гаслом руху стало: «Кожна /.../Людина має право не лише культивувати, але також творити власну культуру, релігію, світогляд, власний етос». Рух протиставлявся різноманітним способам поневолення людини, зокрема обов'язковій службі в армії, пропаганді, а також економічній нерівності. Метою своєї діяльності вважали творення нової системи цінностей та створення на практиці нового соціального порядку завдяки творенню нових інституцій і зміні наявного розподілу соціальних стосунків. РАС впливав також на творення ідентичності «вільної» людини, яка основною цінністю вважала самостановлення та можливість вільного життя, яке наповнене істиною. (Alternative Social Movement originated at the beginning of 1980 in Gdansk. It became an alternative to activities of different anty-political camps due to its reference to Anarchistic thought. The RSA motto was: Every.... // Man has the right not only to cultivate, but also to create their own culture, religion, outlook, etos. RSA was against any form of man's deprivation, in particular against compulsory military service, propaganda and economical inequality. Their main aim was to create a new system of values and social order by setting up new institutions and changing the social order at the time. RSA had an influence on creating identity of a free man, whose main value was self-rule and the chance to live freely and truthfully.

The Role of Local Policies on Resource Utilization: Timber Harvesting in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana

Seemingly unrelated regression was used to investigate if the passage of forestry-related ordinances has had an effect upon timber harvesting activities in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana. Results indicate that a significant negative relationship exists between a $10,000 road bond ordinance and the level of timber harvest in the Parish.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Phenotypic Evolution of Therapeutic Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium after Invasion of TRAMP Mouse Prostate Tumor

Salmonella has been of interest in cancer research due to its intrinsic ability to selectively target and colonize within tumors, leading to tumor cell death. Current research indicates promising use of Salmonella in regular administrations to remove tumors in mouse models while minimizing toxic side effects. However, selection of mutants during such long-term tumor colonization is a safety concern, and understanding selection of certain phenotypes within a tumor is an important consideration in predicting the long-term success of bacterium-based cancer treatment strategies. Thus, we have made an initial examination of selected phenotypes in a therapeutic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium population developed from an archival wild-type LT2 strain and intraperitoneally injected into a 6-month-old TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate) mouse. We compared the original injected strain to isolates recovered from prostate tumors and those recovered from the spleen and liver of non-tumor-bearing TRAMP mice through phenotypic assessments of bacteriophage susceptibility, motility, growth rates, morphology, and metabolic activity. Tumor isolate traits, particularly the loss of wild-type motility and flagella, reflect the selective pressure of the tumor, while the maintenance of bacteriophage resistance indicates no active selection to remove this robust trait. We posit that the Salmonella population adopts certain strategies to minimize energy consumption and maximize survival and proliferation once within the tumor. We find these insights to be nonnegligible considerations in the development of cancer therapies involving bacteria and suggest further examinations into the evolution of therapeutic strains during passage through tumors.Center for Cancer Research (National Cancer Institute (U.S.)

Stabilité et renforcement des fronts de taille des tunnels : une approche analytique en contraintes-déformations

National audienceConstruction process of tunnels involve more and more frequently a full face excavation, with high faces. Therefore engineers have to analyse the face stability and to design reinforcement by longitudinal fibreglass bolts. The current methods are mainly based on stability analysis, but they scarcely allow an evaluation of the deformations, except when using numerical modelling, in which the consideration of reinforcements induces very heavy models, much difficult to use in engineering practice. This paper describes a new stress-strain approach, based on a spherical principle, and allowing the calculation of face deformations, including when bolts reinforcement is used. We present the general principles of the methods and its validation, then various parametric analysis, and finally some cases of practical use: evaluation of a safety factor, design of face reinforcement, effect of the confining pressure on the face deformations when using a TBM.Les tunnels sont de plus en plus réalisés en pleine section, ce qui conduit à des hauteurs du front de taille parfois très importantes. C'est pourquoi les ingénieurs sont fréquemment appelés à examiner la tenue du front, et à prévoir son renforcement par des boulons longitudinaux en fibre de verre. Les approches actuelles privilégient les analyses en stabilité, mais ne permettent guère une évaluation des déformations du front, sauf à utiliser des méthodes numériques, dans lesquels la prise en compte des renforcements conduit à des modèles très lourds et peu utilisables en pratique courante. Cet article présente une nouvelle approche analytique en contraintes-déformations, basée sur un principe de symétrie sphérique, et permettant d'évaluer les déformations d'extrusion du front, et ce même lorsque le front est renforcé par des boulons. Nous présentons en premier lieu les principes de la méthode ainsi que sa validation, puis différentes études paramétriques, ainsi que quelques cas possibles d'utilisation : évaluation d'un coefficient de sécurité, dimensionnement d'un renforcement par boulonnage, effet de la pression de confinement sur l'extrusion lors de l'utilisation de boucliers

Deep visibility: meaningful absence and presence in the superintendency

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. May 2014. Major: Organizational Leadership, Policy, and Development. Advisor: C. Cryss Brunner. 1 computer file (PDF); xiii, 309 pages; appendices A-D.Using a qualitative research approach and a multiple case study method, this study identifies perceptions about the visibility of superintendents from various perspectives. Superintendents, school board members, community members, and staff members were interviewed and offered their varied perspectives. The literature review provided an extensive examination of the history of the superintendent, a historical view of the discursive roles of the superintendent, and a review of relevant leadership literature. The study's conceptual framework was developed using research related to reflective practice, general leadership theory, organizational learning, Theory U, social impact theory, the superintendency, and communication. A deeper visibility resulting in meaningful absence and presence in the superintendency is the essence of this framework. Key findings included aspects of presence, which included the terms adverse, accessible, authentic, beyond physical, transparent, trustworthy and synergetic. Aspects of absence identified in the study included symbolic, job pressures, tied to desk, privacy and contra-visibility. Areas noted for future research include adverse visibility, contra-visibility, synergetic visibility, reflection and symbolic absence. The concept, superintendent visibility, has previously lacked meaningful structure and, therefore, has been described, in the past, through general discussions rather than through an empirical lens. A Model of Superintendent Visibility was developed after careful analysis of the data, consideration of the study's conceptual framework and literature review, and the study's identified conclusions.Kazmierczak, Wayne A.. (2014). Deep visibility: meaningful absence and presence in the superintendency. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/163773

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid and quantitative assessment of Type III virulence phenotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates

BACKGROUND: The presence of a Type III secretion system in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with severe disease and poor outcomes in infections caused by this pathogen. We describe an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that rapidly and quantitatively detects two exotoxins, ExoU and ExoT, and two structural components, PopD and PcrV, of the P. aeruginosa Type III secretion system after in-vitro growth in a calcium-free minimal medium. METHODS: We used this assay to characterize the Type III secretion phenotype of 74 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Findings were compared with results of standard immunoblotting and correlated with Type III secretion-dependent virulence of isolates toward cultured epithelial cells. RESULTS: Results of the ELISA assay were concordant with immunoblot detection of the secreted antigens for 73 of 74 isolates. The Type III secretion phenotype assessed by this immunoassay predicted bacterial virulence toward epithelial cells in vitro for all but five of the clinical isolates. CONCLUSION: The availability of an ELISA assay for rapid detection of Type III secreted virulence factors will facilitate large clinical studies to examine whether the Type III secretion phenotype of a P. aeruginosa isolate predicts the course of clinical disease in a patient and should be taken into account in determining optimal treatment strategies for infected patients