What Local Climate Change Plans Can Teach Us About City Power

Discussions of city power have long focused on cities’ power relative to higher levels of government and to each other. The diffuse causes of climate change offer an opportunity to revisit the question of city power by focusing more closely on the intended object of influence. Although these two perspectives on power will at times overlap, they are not identical. If we consider greenhouse gas emissions as the target, cities can employ their relatively minor powers to substantial effect and many of them appear to be trying to do so. But consideration of cities’ climate change policies alters the usual analysis of city power further. While local government theorists have generally evaluated cities’ autonomy in terms of residents’ ability to shape their local community or their metropolitan region, municipal climate change policies aim to meaningfully contribute to resolution of a global problem. Although some elements of climate change plans may provide fiscal or other benefits that may make cities better providers of services to “consumer-voters” on a public choice model, many other elements cannot be explained other than recognizing these as efforts to engage their residents in a community building effort that encompasses the entire world. Perhaps Frug’s future vision for cities is already taking shape in the realm of local climate change policies, but on a grander vision of geographic interconnection than even he envisioned

Rule 26(a)(2)(B) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure: In the Interest of Full Disclosure

This Note examines the varying interpretations of Rule 26(a)(2)(B) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, an issue currently dividing the nation\u27s circuit courts of appeal and district courts. Interpreting the Rule for its plain meaning yields an exemption for expert witnesses who are either treating physicians or employees of a party in the case. While some courts have followed this textualist approach, more have opted for a broader interpretation, imposing the expert report requirements of Rule 26 on employee experts and treating physicians under certain circumstances. In keeping with the spirit of the Rules, courts should interpret the Rule broadly so as to encourage full disclosure while the Advisory Committee on the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure considers potential amendments

The ‘regulated death’: a documentary analysis of the regulation and inspection of dying and death in English care homes for older people.

In England, processes of regulation and inspection have been established to ensure that older people living in long-term care settings receive quality care. This paper describes how dying and death in care homes for older people is regulated and inspected. A documentary analysis was undertaken of the standard that addresses dying and death in the 2001 Care Homes for Older People: National Minimum Standards. Present in the standard is a ‘good death’ template drawn from constructions of best practice in palliative care. The way in which this national standard is enacted in the inspection process is described using a content analysis of the inspection reports from 226 care homes for older people. These present a narrow focus on dying and death, one that emphasises the older person's wishes and the degree of adherence to policies and procedures concerned with the dying and death event. A regulated death attenuates the ‘good death’ template and reflects both the inspection process and capabilities of the residents of care homes. If the regulation and inspection process is to integrate dying with living, a broader conception and regime of inspection is required. Only then will end-of-life care be provided that meets the diverse needs of older people who live in care homes

Rule 26(a)(2)(B) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure: In the Interest of Full Disclosure

This Note examines the varying interpretations of Rule 26(a)(2)(B) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, an issue currently dividing the nation\u27s circuit courts of appeal and district courts. Interpreting the Rule for its plain meaning yields an exemption for expert witnesses who are either treating physicians or employees of a party in the case. While some courts have followed this textualist approach, more have opted for a broader interpretation, imposing the expert report requirements of Rule 26 on employee experts and treating physicians under certain circumstances. In keeping with the spirit of the Rules, courts should interpret the Rule broadly so as to encourage full disclosure while the Advisory Committee on the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure considers potential amendments

Establishing death in stranded Odontocetes (toothed whales) using other mammals : a pilot study : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Zoology at Massey University

The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate a new method for determining death in stranded odontocetes (toothed whales). The new method was using the pulsations seen in the retinal blood vessels in the place of the heart rate. The retinal blood vessels can visualized, using an ophthalmoscope, in the fundus of the eye. Initially the procedure was to be testing using animals at a mass stranding, but there were no suitable strandings that took place during the time of the study. Therefore other mammal species were used to test the procedure. These mammals were cattle, sheep, and dogs, with additional observational testing carried out on seals, sea lions and dolphins. The mammals were chosen because of their availability and supply. The results showed that there was a strong relationship between the heart rate and the pulsations measured in the retinal blood vessels. This was expected as the cardiovascular system is connected and pulsations of blood vessels must have originated from the heart. The results using dogs, also indicated that there is a relationship between the cessation of the pulsations in the retinal blood vessels and the cessation of the heart beat. Dogs were used as a benchmark by which all other mammals could be compared. Therefore this study indicates that it is possible to identify the cessation of the heart using the cessation of the pulsations in the retinal blood vessels

CP Violation measurements in B to charm decays at BaBar

This article summarises measurements of time-dependent CP asymmetries in decays of neutral B mesons to charm final states using data collected by the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B-factory. All results are preliminary unless otherwise stated.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, contributed to the Proceedings of ICHEP200

Enlightenment, Latin America, Age of Revolutions, Spanish America, Brazil

An essay analyzing the effect of Enlightenment thinking on the political and societal elite of the colonial Spanish and Portuguese Americas, and the subsequent colonial revolutions

Is Twenty-two Months Beyond the Best Interest of the Child? ASFA\u27s Guidelines for the Termination of Parental Rights

This Note first discusses the legal precedents, child development theories, and policies regarding reasonable efforts and parental termination that led to the enactment of ASFA. Next, it examines Illinois\u27s and New York\u27s different responses to ASFA. It also introduces the debate over congregate care as an alternative for those children who may never be returned to a parent\u27s care, but whom are unlikely to be adopted. Lastly, it argues that the New York system is more workable than the Illinois system given the complexities of the foster care system. This Note concludes by arguing the federal government\u27s rigid time frame for parental termination is overly simplistic because it makes it difficult for decision makers to account for various individual circumstances