Zinc oxide films obtained by sol-gel method from film-forming solutions

Thin ZnO films on silicon and quartz substrates were obtained from a film-enriched ethanolic solution based on Zn(NO3)2⋅6H2O and salicylic acid. The effect of salicylic acid on the processes occurring in the film-forming solution was studied by IR spectroscopy, proton-magnetic resonance, and viscometry methods. The formation of zinc salicylate nitrate in an ethanol solution is established, where salicylic acid exhibits a monodentate property in the carboxyl group. Thermal formation of zinc oxide was determined by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. The analysis of optical and electrophysical characteristics of ZnO films was carried out using spectroscopy, ellipsometry and also a block for measuring the electrophysical properties of thin-film materials. It was found that ZnO films were semiconductors of the electronic type, characterized by an optical band gap of 2.91–3.21eV, a surface resistance of 109–106 Q. and transparency coefficients in the visible spectral range of 0.80–0.96. It was shown that as the thickness of the ZnO films increased the resistance decreased

Study the Association of Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Platelet Receptor and Cytochrome P450 Genes with the Development of Resistance to Antiplatelet Drugs in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Aim. To study the association of nucleotide polymorphisms in platelet receptor and cytochrome P450 genes with the development of resistance to antiplatelet drugs in CHD patients.Material and Methods. The study included 243 patients diagnosed with CHD after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), including 140 patients in the acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) treatment group and 103 patients in the dual antiplatelet therapy (DAT) group. All patients were tested for platelet aggregation using an optical aggregometer with inducers: 5 mM ADP and 1 mM arachidonic acid (AA). DNA samples were analyzed by allele-specific PCR for the presence of polymorphisms rs2046934, rs1126643, rs5918, rs6065, rs4244285 in the platelet receptor and cytochrome P450 genes.Results. No statistically significant differences were found during comparison of the prevalence of the studied polymorphisms in the platelet receptor and cytochrome P450 genes between the groups of aspirin-sensitive and aspirin-resistant patients, as well as between the groups of clopidogrelsensitive and clopidogrel-resistant patients. No association between carriage of the minor and major alleles of the polymorphisms studied and the development of antiplatelet drug resistance was found. In the group of patients on ASA therapy, carriers of the C allele of the T1565C (rs5918) ITGB3 polymorphism had a higher rate of AA-induced platelet aggregation compared to carriers of the T allele (18,49±25,92 vs 10,43±17,34, р=0,004).Conclusion. Polymorphisms of P2RY12 (rs2046934), ITGA2 (rs1126643), ITGB3 (rs5918), GP1BA (rs6065), CYP2C19*2 (rs4244285) genes are not associated with antiplatelet drug resistance in both patients on ASC therapy and on DAT. The presence of minor alleles of the rs2046934, rs1126643, rs6065, rs4244285 polymorphisms are not associated with increased platelet aggregation activity before CABG.However, in the group of patients on ASA therapy C-allele carriers of the rs5918 polymorphism of the ITGB3 gene had a higher rate of AA-induced platelet aggregation compared to T-allele carriers

Study of the Association of V640L (rs6133) Polymorphism in the Platelet P-selectin Gene with Acetylsalicylic Acid Resistance in Patients after Coronary Bypass Surgery

Aim. To study the association of V640L (rs6133) polymorphism in the P-selectin gene with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) resistance in patients with coronary heart disease after coronary bypass surgery (CABG).Material and methods. The study included 104 patients aged 36-78 years (mean age 61.6±6.9 years) with stable angina pectoris: 61 (58.7%) patients had functional class II (according to Canadian Cardiovascular Society), 41 (39.4%) – class III and 2 (1.9%) – class IV. Atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries were confirmed by coronary angiography. The antiplatelet therapy was stopped for at least 5 days before CABG. In the postoperative period, from the first day, all patients received 100 mg of ASA in enteric form, 61 patients received alone ASA therapy, 43 patients – combined antiplatelet therapy: ASA+clopidogrel (75 mg/day). The aggregation study was performed with an optical aggregometer, using 5 μM adenosinediphosphate (ADP) and 1 mM arachidonic acid inductors before CABG, on 1-3 day and on 8-10 day after surgical treatment. DNA samples were examined for the V640L (rs6133) polymorphism in the P-selectin gene by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the allele-specific primers.Results. The frequency of the homozygous GG genotype of the rs6133 polymorphism was 84.6%; heterozygous GT genotype – 15.4%. The amplitude of aggregation with ADP before CABG, on 1-3 day and on 8-10 day after CABG for carriers of homozygotes of allele G vs carriers of the allele T were: 47.9±19.3%, 44.5±17.8%, 30.1±13.2% vs 47.9±17.1%, 46.3±16.5%, 39.6±22.0%, respectively (p=0.497, 0.441 and 0.687, respectively). The amplitude of aggregation with arachidonic acid before CABG, on 1-3 day and on 8-10 day after CABG for carriers of homozygotesof allele G vs carriers of the allele T, were: 47.9±23.2%, 24.5±21.7%, 12.3±16.3% vs 54.3±17.8%, 29.7±23.7%,  11±10.9%, respectively (p=0.416, 0.825 and 0.872, respectively). In the first 10 days of the postoperative period, 6 thrombotic events (5.7%) were observed in the study group: 2 strokes and 4 perioperative myocardial infarctions. Five events occurred in the group of patients with the GG genotype, 1 event in the group of patients with the GT genotype.Conclusion. V640L (rs6133) polymorphism in the P-selectin gene is not associated with ASA resistance in patients with coronary artery disease after CABG. The T allele of the rs6133 polymorphism is not associated with increased platelet aggregation activity after CABG and does not increase the risk of adverse events in the first 10 days after CABG

Efficiency of Human Plague Vaccination in Tuvinian Natural Plague Focus

Background. Plague is an especially dangerous natural focal infectious disease belonging to a group of quarantine infections. There are eleven natural plague foci in Russian Federation. In Republic Tyva plague endemic territories include Ovyur, Mongun-Taigin and Tes-Hem areas where Y. pestis strains are intermittently isolated from Citellus undulates. Population living at the territory of the natural foci get immunoprophylaxis against plague at complication of epizootic and epidemic conditions.This paper presents the results of monitoring indicators of the immune status of people vaccinated with the plague vaccine living in the territory of the Tuva natural focus.Materials and methods. The study involved 76 volunteers who had not previously been vaccinated. The study included the determination of production IFN-γ, IL-4, TNF-α by blood cells, titers of specific IgG antibodies to the capsule F1 antigen of the Yersinia pestis, and concentrations of immunoglobulins in serum blood, as well as immunophenotyping of blood lymphocytes.Results. In the course of a comprehensive immunological study, features of the development of cellular and humoral reactions in people living in the territory of the Tuva natural plague focus were established in the first months after vaccination. Changes in the concentration dynamics of the main classes of immunoglobulins were accompanied by an increase in the level of specific IgGs to the F1 within 6 months after immunization. In the same period, a significant increase in the production of cytokines, as well as significant changes in terms of the subpopulation composition of the vaccinated blood.Conclusion. It is necessary to note the importance of studying of the human immune status in 1–3 months after plague vaccination as this period coincides with potentially dangerous season from epidemiological point of view. Nevertheless, much important role for improvement of tactics of the specific prevention measures plays the data received after the revaccination

Estimating the impact of the Mongol expansion upon the gene pool of Tuvans

With a view to trace the Mongol expansion in Tuvinian gene pool we studied two largest Tuvinian clans – those in which, according to data of humanities, one could expect the highest Central Asian ancestry, connected with the Mongol expansion. Thus, the results of Central Asian ancestry in these two clans component may be used as upper limit of the Mongol influence upon the Tuvinian gene pool in a whole. According to the data of 59 Y-chromosomal SNP markers, the haplogroup spectra in these Tuvinian tribal groups (Mongush, N = 64, and Oorzhak, N = 27) were similar. On average, two-thirds of their gene pools (63 %) are composed by North Eurasian haplogroups (N*, N1a2, N3a, Q) connected with autochtonous populations of modern area of Tuvans. The Central Asian haplogroups (C2, O2) composed less then fifth part (17 %) of gene pools of the clans studied. The opposite ratio was revealed in Mongols: there were 10 % North Eurasian haplogroups and 75 % Central Asian haplogroups in their gene pool. All the results derived – “genetic portraits”, the matrix of genetic distances, the dendrogram and the multidimensional scaling plot, which mirror the genetic connections between Tuvinian clans and populations of South Siberia and East Asia, demonstrated the prominent similarity of the Tuvinian gene pools with populations from and Khakassia and Altai. It could be therefore assumed that Tuvinian clans Mongush and Oorzhak originated from autochtonous people (supposedly, from the local Samoyed and Kets substrata). The minor component of Central Asian haplogroups in the gene pool of these clans allowed to suppose that Mongol expansion did not have a significant influence upon the Tuvinan gene pool at a whole

Association of T715P (RS6136), M62I (RS2228315), S290N (RS6131), V640L (RS6133) polymorphisms in the P-selectin gene and its ligand with acetylsalicylic acid resistance in patients with coronary artery disease after coronary artery bypass grafting

Aim. To study the association of T715P (rs6136), M62I (rs2228315), S290N (rs6131), V640L (rs6133) polymorphisms in the P-selectin gene with resistance to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in patients with coronary artery disease after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Material and methods. The study included 90 patients aged 61,5±6,9 years (70 men and 20 women) with II-IV functional class (FC) angina pectoris, according to the Canadian Cardiovascular Society grading. The atherosclerotic nature of coronary artery disease is confirmed by coronary angiography. Patients stopped taking antiplatelet agents before CABG for at least 5 days. The aggregation study was carried out with an optical aggregometer using ADP inducers (5 pM) and arachidonic acid (1 µМ) before CABG, on 1-3 and 8-10 days after surgical treatment.DNA samples were examined for the presence of T715P (rs6136), M62I (rs2228315), S290N (rs6131), V640L (rs6133) polymorphisms in the P-selectin gene using realtime PCR with allele-specific primers.Results. When comparing aPTT, fibrinogen level, platelet aggregation activity with ADP inducers (5 µМ) and arachidonic acid (1 µМ), no differences were found among groups of patients with homozygous and heterozygous variants of the studied polymorphisms genotypes, both before and on 1-3, 8 -10 days after CABG. Regarding presence of ASA resistance, patient groups with homozygous variants of genotypes (T715P (rs6136), M62I (rs2228315), S290N (rs6131), V640L (rs6133)) did not statistically differ in prevailing or rare alleles from the corresponding groups with heterozygous genotypes. In the first 10 days of the postoperative period, thrombotic events (4,4%) were observed in 4 patients in the study group: acute myocardial infarction, acute cerebrovascular accident. Regarding frequency of adverse events in the first 10 days after CABG, between groups of patients with homozygous variants of the studied genotypes (T715P (rs6136), M62I (rs2228315), S290N (rs6131), V640L (rs6133) in prevailing allele and groups with heterozygous variants of the corresponding genotypes there were also no statistically significant differences.Conclusion. Rs6133, rs6163, rs2228315, rs6131 polymorphisms in the platelet P-selectin gene are not associated with ASA resistance and are not associated with increased platelet aggregation activity in patients with coronary artery disease. The rare T, C, G, A alleles of the studied polymorphisms do not lead to an increase in the risks of adverse events in the first 10 days after CABG