Assessment of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) awareness and practices in manufacturing sector of Pakistan

Globalization and mass communication have significantly influenced the socio-economic growth of countries and organizations are under immense pressure to develop their businesses in a more socially responsible way. Consequently, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged as a business development concept. CSR acknowledgement is low in south Asian countries both at state and corporate levels. Pakistan, being a developing country, is no exception and the manufacturing sector, which is the third largest contributing sector to the economy, is facing the challenge of corporate social compliance. This study explores the awareness level amongst employees in the manufacturing sector and also evaluates the practices of CSR activities in these organizations. The study is mainly focused on the textile and automobile sectors and shows greater CSR awareness in the automobile sector than the textile sector; however, there are many organizations where the concept of CSR is unknown. The findings of this research will help organizations in enhancing understanding of CSR amongst employees and will also allow manufacturing industries to improve their implementation against identified weak areas. Increased levels of social compliance will ultimately help organizations in promoting their businesses in the global market

(In)finiteness of Spherically Symmetric Static Perfect Fluids

This work is concerned with the finiteness problem for static, spherically symmetric perfect fluids in both Newtonian Gravity and General Relativity. We derive criteria on the barotropic equation of state guaranteeing that the corresponding perfect fluid solutions possess finite/infinite extent. In the Newtonian case, for the large class of monotonic equations of state, and in General Relativity we improve earlier results

Use of liposomes as an immunopotentiating delivery system: in perspective of vaccine development

Liposomes have been widely used to deliver antigens to the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and also to modify their immunological behaviour in model animals. We recently demonstrated the potential of yeast lipid liposomes to undergo membrane-membrane fusion with cytoplasmic membrane of the target cells. Interestingly, studies in the present report revealed that antigen encapsulated in yeast lipid liposomes could be successfully delivered simultaneously into the cytosolic as well as endosomal processing pathways of APCs, leading to the generation of both CD4+ T helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. In contrast, encapsulation of same antigen in egg phosphatidyl-choline (PC) liposomes, just like its free form, has inefficient access to the cytosolic pathway of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I dependent antigen presentation and failed to generate antigen specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell response. However, both egg PC as well as yeast lipid liposomes have elicited strong antigen specific antibody responses in immunized animals. These results imply usage of liposome encapsulated antigen as potential candidate vaccine capable of eliciting both cell mediated as well as humoral immune responses

An alternative explanation for the density depletions observed by Freja and Viking satellites

In this paper, we have studied the linear and nonlinear propagation of ion acoustic waves in the presence of electrons that follow the generalized (r,q) distribution. It has been shown that for positive values of r, which correspond to a flat-topped electron velocity distribution, the nonlinear ion acoustic waves admit rarefactive solitary structures or density depletions. It has been shown that the generalized (r,q) distribution function provides another way to explicate the density depletions observed by Freja and Viking satellites previously explained by proposing Cairns distribution function.In this paper, we have studied the linear and nonlinear propagation of ion acoustic waves in the presence of electrons that follow the generalized (r,q) distribution. It has been shown that for positive values of r, which correspond to a flat-topped electron velocity distribution, the nonlinear ion acoustic waves admit rarefactive solitary structures or density depletions. It has been shown that the generalized (r,q) distribution function provides another way to explicate the density depletions observed by Freja and Viking satellites previously explained by proposing Cairns distribution function

Laws Governing Isolated Horizons: Inclusion of Dilaton Couplings

Mechanics of non-rotating black holes was recently generalized by replacing the static event horizons used in standard treatments with `isolated horizons.' This framework is extended to incorporate dilaton couplings. Since there can be gravitational and matter radiation outside isolated horizons, now the fundamental parameters of the horizon, used in mechanics, must be defined using only the local structure of the horizon, without reference to infinity. This task is accomplished and the zeroth and first laws are established. To complement the previous work, the entire discussion is formulated tensorially, without any reference to spinors.Comment: Some typos corrected, references updated. Some minor clarifications added. 20 pages, 1 figure, Revtex fil

Two Loop Low Temperature Corrections to Electron Self Energy

We recalculate the two loop corrections in the background heat bath using real time formalism. The procedure of the integrations of loop momenta with dependence on finite temperature before the momenta without it, has been followed. We determine the mass and wavefunction renormalization constants in the low temperature limit of QED, for the first time with this preferred order of integrations. The correction to electron mass and spinors in this limit is important in the early universe at the time of primordial nucleosynthesis as well as in astrophysics.Comment: 8 pages and 1 figure to appear in Chinese Physics

The topology of asymptotically Euclidean static perfect fluid space-time

In this thesis we prove that a (geodesically) complete, asymptotically Euclidean, static perfect fluid space-time with connected fluid reglon and satisfying the time-like convergence condition lS diffeomorphic to R³ x R . It is believed that such a space-time would be spherically symmetric at least for physically reasonable conditions on the density function p and the pressure function p

Stability in Designer Gravity

We study the stability of designer gravity theories, in which one considers gravity coupled to a tachyonic scalar with anti-de Sitter boundary conditions defined by a smooth function W. We construct Hamiltonian generators of the asymptotic symmetries using the covariant phase space method of Wald et al.and find they differ from the spinor charges except when W=0. The positivity of the spinor charge is used to establish a lower bound on the conserved energy of any solution that satisfies boundary conditions for which $W$ has a global minimum. A large class of designer gravity theories therefore have a stable ground state, which the AdS/CFT correspondence indicates should be the lowest energy soliton. We make progress towards proving this, by showing that minimum energy solutions are static. The generalization of our results to designer gravity theories in higher dimensions involving several tachyonic scalars is discussed.Comment: 29 page

Uniqueness Theorem for Static Black Hole Solutions of sigma-models in Higher Dimensions

We prove the uniqueness theorem for self-gravitating non-linear sigma-models in higher dimensional spacetime. Applying the positive mass theorem we show that Schwarzschild-Tagherlini spacetime is the only maximally extended, static asymptotically flat solution with non-rotating regular event horizon with a constant mapping.Comment: 5 peges, Revtex, to be published in Class.Quantum Gra